Bøger af Fouad Soliman

Photonics is a branch of optics that involves the application of generation, detection, and manipulation of light in form of photons through emission, transmission, modulation, signal processing, switching, amplification, and sensing. Photonics is closely related to quantum electronics, where quantum electronics deals with the theoretical part of it while photonics deal with its engineering applications. Though covering all light's technical applications over the whole spectrum, most photonic applications are in the range of visible and near-infrared light. The term photonics developed as an outgrowth of the first practical semiconductor light emitters invented in the early 1960s and optical fibers developed in the 1970s.

Os veículos aéreos não tripulados (DRONE) são utilizados em todo o mundo para aplicações civis, comerciais e militares. De facto, a Drone Industry Insights (uma empresa de consultoria do mercado de drones comerciais na Alemanha) identificou "237 formas de os drones revolucionarem o negócio" e publicou um relatório de 151 páginas que consiste em 237 aplicações e 37 estudos de casos reais em 15 sectores, incluindo a agricultura, a energia, a construção e a exploração mineira. Um microveículo aéreo (MAV), ou microveículo aéreo, é uma classe de UAVs em miniatura portáteis, cujas dimensões lhes permitem ser utilizados em operações de apoio próximo a baixa altitude. Os MAV modernos podem ser tão pequenos como 5 centímetros. O seu desenvolvimento é impulsionado por objectivos comerciais, de investigação, governamentais e militares, prevendo-se para o futuro aviões do tamanho de insectos. A pequena aeronave permite a observação remota de ambientes perigosos inacessíveis aos veículos terrestres. Os MAV foram construídos para fins de passatempo, como concursos de robótica aérea e fotografia aérea.

Les drones sont utilisés dans le monde entier pour des applications civiles, commerciales et militaires. En fait, Drone Industry Insights (une société allemande de conseil sur le marché des drones commerciaux) a identifié "237 façons dont les drones révolutionnent les affaires" et a publié un rapport de 151 pages comprenant 237 applications et 37 études de cas réels dans 15 secteurs, dont l'agriculture, l'énergie, la construction et l'exploitation minière. Un micro-véhicule aérien (MAV), ou micro aerial vehicle, est une classe de drones miniatures transportables par l'homme dont la taille leur permet d'être utilisés à basse altitude, pour des opérations de soutien rapproché. Les MAV modernes peuvent mesurer jusqu'à 5 centimètres. Le développement est motivé par des objectifs commerciaux, de recherche, gouvernementaux et militaires ; des aéronefs de la taille d'un insecte sont attendus à l'avenir. Ces petits appareils permettent d'observer à distance des environnements dangereux inaccessibles aux véhicules terrestres. Des MAV ont été construits à des fins de loisirs, comme les concours de robotique aérienne et la photographie aérienne.

I veicoli aerei senza pilota (DRONE) sono utilizzati in tutto il mondo per applicazioni civili, commerciali e militari. Infatti, Drone Industry Insights (una società di consulenza sul mercato dei droni commerciali in Germania) ha identificato "237 modi in cui i droni rivoluzionano il business" e ha pubblicato un rapporto di 151 pagine composto da 237 applicazioni e 37 casi di studio reali in 15 settori, tra cui agricoltura, energia, edilizia e miniere. Un microveicolo aereo (MAV), o microveicolo aereo, è una classe di UAV miniaturizzati trasportabili dall'uomo, le cui dimensioni consentono l'impiego in operazioni di supporto a bassa quota e ravvicinate. I MAV moderni possono avere dimensioni di 5 centimetri. Lo sviluppo è guidato da scopi commerciali, di ricerca, governativi e militari; in futuro si prevedono velivoli delle dimensioni di un insetto. I piccoli velivoli consentono l'osservazione a distanza di ambienti pericolosi inaccessibili ai veicoli terrestri. I MAV sono stati costruiti per scopi hobbistici, come gare di robotica aerea e fotografia aerea.

Unbemannte Luftfahrzeuge (DRONE) werden weltweit für zivile, kommerzielle und militärische Anwendungen eingesetzt. Tatsächlich hat Drone Industry Insights (ein Beratungsunternehmen für den kommerziellen Drohnenmarkt in Deutschland) "237 Wege identifiziert, wie Drohnen die Wirtschaft revolutionieren" und einen 151-seitigen Bericht veröffentlicht, der 237 Anwendungen und 37 reale Fallstudien aus 15 Branchen umfasst, darunter Landwirtschaft, Energie, Bauwesen und Bergbau. Ein Micro Air Vehicle (MAV) oder Mikro-Luftfahrzeug ist eine Klasse von tragbaren Miniatur-Drohnen, die aufgrund ihrer Größe für Einsätze in niedriger Höhe und im Nahbereich eingesetzt werden können. Moderne MAVs können bis zu 5 Zentimeter klein sein. Die Entwicklung wird von kommerziellen, Forschungs-, Regierungs- und militärischen Zwecken vorangetrieben; für die Zukunft werden angeblich Flugzeuge in Insektengröße erwartet. Die kleinen Fluggeräte ermöglichen die Fernbeobachtung von gefährlichen Umgebungen, die für Bodenfahrzeuge unzugänglich sind. MAVs wurden für Hobbyzwecke gebaut, z. B. für Wettbewerbe in der Luftrobotik und für Luftbildaufnahmen.

Les trésors du sous-sol ou de la terre sont la renaissance de l'humanité dans le monde entier. L'éditeur s'est intéressé à plusieurs de ces sources, telles que le sable, la roche, la géothermie, le pétrole, le captage et le stockage du carbone, les eaux souterraines, les matières radioactives et les trésors historiques. Le livre a été écrit en huit chapitres, où un examen détaillé des différents trésors a été discuté, et comment tirer parti de ces trésors dans tous les aspects de la vie.

Os tesouros subterrâneos ou da terra são o renascimento da humanidade em todo o mundo. Nesta preocupação, o editor interessou-se por muitas dessas fontes, tais como areia, rocha, geotérmica, petróleo, captura e armazenamento de carbono, águas subterrâneas, materiais radioactivos e tesouros históricos. O livro foi escrito em oito capítulos, onde foi feita uma análise detalhada dos vários tesouros e como tirar partido deles em todos os aspectos da vida.

I tesori del sottosuolo o della terra sono la rinascita dell'umanità in tutto il mondo. In questo lavoro, l'editore si è interessato a molte di queste fonti, come sabbia, roccia, geotermia, petrolio, cattura e stoccaggio del carbonio, acque sotterranee, materiali radioattivi e tesori storici. Il libro è stato scritto in otto capitoli, dove è stata discussa una rassegna dettagliata dei vari tesori e di come sfruttarli in tutti gli aspetti della vita.

Unterirdische oder Erdschätze sind die Renaissance der Menschheit auf der ganzen Welt. In diesem Anliegen interessiert sich der Herausgeber für viele dieser Quellen, wie Sand, Gestein, Geothermie, Öl, Kohlenstoffabscheidung und -speicherung, Grundwasser, radioaktive Materialien und historische Schätze. Das Buch wurde in acht Kapiteln geschrieben, in denen ein detaillierter Überblick über die verschiedenen Schätze erörtert wird, und wie man sie in allen Lebensbereichen nutzen kann.

Unmanned aerial vehicles (DRONE) are used across the world for civilian, commercial, as well as military applications. In fact, Drone Industry Insights (a commercial drone market consultancy in Germany) has identified "237 ways that drones revolutionize business" and released a 151-page report consisting of 237 applications and 37 real-life case studies throughout 15 industries including agriculture, energy, construction, and mining. A micro air vehicle (MAV), or micro aerial vehicle, is a class of man-portable miniature UAVs whose size enables them to be used in low altitude, close-in support operations. Modern MAVs can be as small as 5 centimeters. Development is driven by commercial, research, government, and military purposes; with insect-sized aircraft reportedly expected in the future. The small craft allows remote observation of hazardous environments inaccessible to ground vehicles. MAVs have been built for hobby purpose such as aerial robotics contests and aerial photography.

Um veículo híbrido é um veículo que utiliza dois ou mais tipos distintos de energia, como os submarinos que utilizam gasóleo quando estão à superfície e baterias quando estão submersos. Outros meios de armazenamento de energia incluem fluido pressurizado em híbridos hidráulicos. Neste caso, os grupos motopropulsores híbridos são concebidos para mudar de uma fonte de energia para outra para maximizar a eficiência do combustível e a eficiência energética. Nos veículos híbridos eléctricos, por exemplo, o motor elétrico é mais eficiente na produção de binário, ou potência de rotação, enquanto o motor de combustão é melhor para manter uma velocidade elevada. A melhoria da eficiência, a diminuição das emissões e a redução dos custos de funcionamento em relação aos veículos não híbridos são os três principais benefícios da hibridização.

Un veicolo ibrido è un veicolo che utilizza due o più tipi di energia distinti, come i sottomarini che utilizzano il diesel quando sono in superficie e le batterie quando sono sommersi. Altri mezzi per immagazzinare energia sono i fluidi pressurizzati negli ibridi idraulici. In questo ambito, i gruppi motopropulsori ibridi sono progettati per passare da una fonte di alimentazione all'altra per massimizzare sia l'efficienza del carburante sia l'efficienza energetica. Nei veicoli ibridi elettrici, ad esempio, il motore elettrico è più efficiente nel produrre coppia, o potenza di rotazione, mentre il motore a combustione è più adatto a mantenere l'alta velocità. Il miglioramento dell'efficienza, la riduzione delle emissioni e dei costi di gestione rispetto ai veicoli non ibridi sono i tre principali vantaggi dell'ibridazione.

Gibridnoe transportnoe sredstwo - äto transportnoe sredstwo, ispol'zuüschee dwa ili bolee razlichnyh wida änergii, naprimer, podwodnye lodki, ispol'zuüschie dizel'noe topliwo pri wsplytii i akkumulqtory pri pogruzhenii. Drugie sposoby hraneniq änergii wklüchaüt zhidkost' pod dawleniem w gidrawlicheskih gibridah. V ätom sluchae gibridnye silowye agregaty prednaznacheny dlq pereklücheniq s odnogo istochnika änergii na drugoj, chtoby maximal'no powysit' kak topliwnuü, tak i änergeticheskuü äffektiwnost'. Naprimer, w gibridnyh älektromobilqh älektrodwigatel' bolee äffektiwen dlq sozdaniq krutqschego momenta, ili moschnosti poworota, w to wremq kak dwigatel' wnutrennego sgoraniq luchshe podhodit dlq podderzhaniq wysokoj skorosti. Powyshenie äffektiwnosti, snizhenie wybrosow i äxpluatacionnyh rashodow po srawneniü s negibridnymi awtomobilqmi - tri osnownyh preimuschestwa gibridizacii.

Ein Hybridfahrzeug ist ein Fahrzeug, das zwei oder mehr verschiedene Arten von Energie verwendet, wie z. B. U-Boote, die an der Oberfläche Diesel und unter Wasser Batterien verwenden. Andere Möglichkeiten der Energiespeicherung sind Druckflüssigkeit in hydraulischen Hybriden. Hybridantriebe sind so konzipiert, dass sie von einer Energiequelle auf eine andere umschalten können, um sowohl den Kraftstoffverbrauch als auch die Energieeffizienz zu maximieren. Bei Hybrid-Elektrofahrzeugen ist der Elektromotor beispielsweise effizienter bei der Erzeugung von Drehmoment oder Drehkraft, während der Verbrennungsmotor besser geeignet ist, um hohe Geschwindigkeiten zu halten. Verbesserte Effizienz, geringere Emissionen und niedrigere Betriebskosten im Vergleich zu Nicht-Hybrid-Fahrzeugen sind drei Hauptvorteile der Hybridisierung.

A hybrid vehicle is one that uses two or more distinct types of power, such as submarines that use diesel when surfaced and batteries when submerged. Other means to store energy include pressurized fluid in hydraulic hybrids. In this concern, hybrid power-trains are designed to switch from one power source to another to maximize both fuel efficiency and energy efficiency. In hybrid electric vehicles, for instance, the electric motor is more efficient at producing torque, or turning power, while the combustion engine is better for maintaining high speed. Improved efficiency, lower emissions, and reduced running costs relative to non-hybrid vehicles are three primary benefits of hybridization.

Renewable energy is energy from renewable resources that are naturally replenished on a human time-scale. It includes sunlight, wind, the movement of water, and geothermal heat. Although most renewable energy sources are sustainable, some are not. For example, some biomass sources are considered unsustainable at current rates of exploitation. Also, it is often used for electricity generation, heating and cooling. Renewable energy projects are typically large-scale, but they are also suited to rural and remote areas and developing countries, where energy is often crucial in human development. Renewable energy sources, especially solar photovoltaic and wind power, are providing an increasing share of power capacity.For 100% renewable energy usage, research into this topic is fairly new, with very few studies published before 2009, but has gained increasing attention in recent years. The majority of studies show that a global transition to 100% renewable energy across all sectors ¿ power, heat, transport and industry ¿ is feasible and economically viable.

Renewable energy is energy from renewable resources that are naturally replenished on a human timescale. It includes sunlight, wind, the movement of water, and geothermal heat. Although most renewable energy sources are sustainable, some are not. For example, some biomass sources are considered unsustainable at current rates of exploitation. It is often used for electricity generation, heating and cooling. Generally, renewable energy projects are typically large-scale, but they are also suited to rural and remote areas and developing countries, where energy is often crucial in human development.

Future of energy storage study explored the role that energy storage can play in fighting climate change and in the global adoption of clean energy grids. Replacing fossil fuel-based power generation with power generation from wind and solar resources is a key strategy for de-carbonizing electricity. Storage enables electricity systems to remain in balance despite variations in wind and solar availability, allowing for cost-effective deep de-carbonization while maintaining reliability. In this concern, the future of energy storage technology is an essential analysis of this key component in de-carbonizing our energy infrastructure and combating climate change. The technique includes six key conclusions. Energy storage is undergoing a rapid transformation wherein research is underway to develop efficient long-lasting solutions. It is a critical component of the manufacturing, service, renewable energy, Green hydrogen (GH2 or GH2) is hydrogen generated by renewable energy or from low-carbon power. It has significantly lower carbon emissions than grey hydrogen, which is derived from fossil fuels without carbon capture.

Green hydrogen (GH2 or GH2) is hydrogen generated by renewable energy or from low-carbon power. It has significantly lower carbon emissions than grey hydrogen, which is derived from fossil fuels without carbon capture. Also, it may be used to:- De-carbonizes sectors that are hard to electrify, such as cement and iron production. - Produce green ammonia, the main constituent of synthetic fertilizer. - Used for long-duration grid energy storage and for long-duration seasonal energy storage.

Applying electronics and computer simulations are of great role in understanding the electric behavior of tissue, methods to illustrate it. As well, are strongly related to the concepts of electronic circuits and to the equations describing their behavior. Finally, it could be concluded that from this point of view, it is very easy to proceed to realize physically the electronic equivalent circuits for the excitable tissues.

Renewable energy and farming are a winning combination. Wind, solar and biomass energy can be harvested forever, providing farmers with a long-term source of income. Renewable energy can be used on the farm to replace other fuels or even sold as a cash crop. It is one of the most promising and important opportunities for value -added products in agriculture. Solar energy can be used in agriculture in a number of ways, saving money, increasing self-reliance, and reducing pollution. Solar energy can cut a farm¿s electricity and heating bills. Solar heat collectors can be used to dry crops and warm homes, livestock buildings, and greenhouses. Solar water heaters can provide hot water for diary operations, pen cleaning, and homes. Photovoltaics (solar electric panels) can power farm operations and remote water pumps, light, and electric fences.

People think that gold recovery is limited up to computer chips only. Every electronic device has a motherboard and that motherboard has some chips mounted on it. It could be a DVD or a mobile or just any electronic device. We get gold from all the chips. Gold is an essential part of a chip. It is in the form of very thin wires inside a chip. Undoubtedly, extracting gold from chips is a very profitable business. I receive numerous calls every day and most of the people ask me how to recover gold from computer chips. Before starting the business of gold recovery from chips one must have the correct knowledge of the precious metals content from one pound/kilo of chips or integrated circuits so that we make the right purchase. Well, no one can obtain the same quantity of gold from all the chips. There are many factors behind it. Chip manufacturing companies used a lot of gold at the early stage of chip manufacturing because at that time gold was very cheap.

Electrotherapy is the use of electrical energy as a medical treatment. In medicine, the term electrotherapy can apply to a variety of treatments, including the use of electrical devices such as deep brain stimulators for neurological disease. The term has also been applied specifically to the use of electric current to speed wound healing. Additionally, the term "electro-therapy" or "electromagnetic therapy" has also been applied to a range of alternative medical devices and treatments. Finally, it has not been found to be effective in increasing bone healing. Tissue engineering is the use of a combination of cells, engineering and materials methods, and suitable biochemical and physicochemical factors to improve or replace biological tissues. Tissue engineering involves the use of a tissue scaffold for the formation of new viable tissue for a medical purpose. While it was once categorized as a sub-field of biomaterials, having grown in scope and importance it can be considered as a field in its own. In biology, the term phoresis, also called phoresy, is an inter-species biological interaction in ecology and refers to a form of symbiosis.

Synchrotron radiation is the electromagnetic radiation emitted when charged particles are accelerated radially, i.e., when they are subject to an acceleration perpendicular to their velocity (äv). It is produced, for example, in synchrotrons using bending magnets, undulators and/or wigglers. If the particle is non-relativistic, then the emission is called cyclotron emission. If, on the other hand, the particles are relativistic, sometimes referred to as ultra relativistic, the emission is called synchrotron emission. Synchrotron radiation may be achieved artificially in synchrotrons or storage rings, or naturally by fast electrons moving through magnetic fields. The radiation produced in this way has a characteristic polarization and the frequencies generated can range over the entire electromagnetic spectrum which is also called continuum radiation. Synchrotron radiation was named after its discovery in Schenectady, New York from a General Electric synchrotron accelerator built in 1946 and announced in May 1947 by Frank Elder, Anatole Gurewitsch, Robert Langmuir and Herb Pollock in a letter entitled "Radiation from Electrons in a Synchrotron¿.