Bøger af Guoping Jie

The digital currency may have other definition. However, I give the digital currency a new definition in this book. Based on the MathAccounting software, the digital currency is the electric extension of the traditional money. The most advantage of the MathAccounting software is that it can embed an identity ID into every dollar in the process of money circulation regardless of the cash receipts and the cash payments. Because all members of the society in the world will touch money, all identity IDs of society members can be embedded in the money. Embedding an identity ID into the money can be achieved by adding the three-level subaccount to existing multi-subaccount name of the parent account "Cash". Namely, the "MultiSubaccount Name" form of the "Cash" is the "Identity ID

It should be time to study and apply a mathematical accounting model which is easy to understand and audit, and is accurate and reliable. The paper distinctly describes three accounting's concepts or models (physical accounting model, double-entry system model, and mathematical accounting model) and their relationships. The physical accounting model naturally exists since business emerging and is the basis of all other accounting models. The physical accounting model is actually consisted of every transaction which is based on a principle: exchange of equal values. The double-entry system model, which is still used all over the world, uses a logical method to keep recording transactions accurate. Its main characters are the T account with debit and credit, chart of accounts, two classes of permanent and temporary accounts, and trial balance. The mathematical accounting model is based on a basic expanding accounting equation and has developed following main characters: mathematical axiom principle, dynamic accounting equation, sub-equation of the dynamic accounting equation, five classes of permanent accounts, multi-subaccount name, structures of financial statements, and account flows statement. The same parts of the double-entry system and mathematical accounting models are to satisfy the basic accounting equation at the beginning of a fiscal year and the ending of a fiscal year, but the difference of them is that they take the different ways to reach the ending of the fiscal year. Based on the mathematical accounting model, I have designed and developed a MathAccounting software. The MathAccounting software, which will be introduced in detail, has the four function models: Transactions, Reports, Backup/Restore, and Maintenances. The MathAccounting software has little limitation, so it can be used by all economic entities regardless of their size, nature of business, and form of business organization without any altering. The paper also introduces a concept of the great accounting, which is based on the MathAccounting software and the wealth conservation law, in detail. The great accounting means two aspects. In the great data time, centered management of accounting is an inexorable trend. Every business company can login in a government's centered database by using of its business number. And every department in an organization can do part work of the accounting about itself duty. All works of the organization's departments will be made up of the financial statements. The great accounting have many advantages, such as being difficult to draw up false accounts, to do money laundering, and to evade a tax.

It should be time to study and apply a mathematical accounting model which is easy to understand and audit, and is accurate and reliable. The paper distinctly describes three accounting's concepts or models (physical accounting model, double-entry system model, and mathematical accounting model) and their relationships. The physical accounting model naturally exists since business emerging and is the basis of all other accounting models. The physical accounting model is actually consisted of every transaction which is based on a principle: exchange of equal values. The double-entry system model, which is still used all over the world, uses a logical method to keep recording transactions accurate. Its main characters are the T account with debit and credit, chart of accounts, two classes of permanent and temporary accounts, and trial balance. The mathematical accounting model is based on a basic expanding accounting equation and has developed following main characters: mathematical axiom principle, dynamic accounting equation, sub-equation of the dynamic accounting equation, five classes of permanent accounts, multi-subaccount name, structures of financial statements, and account flow statement. The same parts of the double-entry system and mathematical accounting models are to satisfy the basic accounting equation at the beginning of a fiscal year and the ending of a fiscal year, but the difference of them is that they take the different ways to reach the ending of the fiscal year. The book also introduces a concept of the great accounting which is based on the MathAccounting software and the wealth conservation law. The great accounting means two aspects. In the great data time, centered management of accounting is an inexorable trend. Every business company can login in a government's centered database by using of its business number. And every department in an organization can do part work of the accounting about itself duty. All works of the organization's departments will be made up of the financial statements. On the other hand, the two concepts of digital currency and internet of things are developed. The great accounting has many advantages, such as being difficult to draw up false accounts and to evade a tax.

The digital currency may have other definition. However, I give the digital currency a new definition in this book. Based on the MathAccounting software, the digital currency is the electric extension of the traditional money in this book. The most advantage of the MathAccounting software is that it can embed an identity ID into every dollar in the process of money circulation regardless of the cash receipts and the cash payments. Because all members of the society in the world will touch money, all identity IDs of society members can be embedded in the money. Embedding an identity ID into the money can be achieved by adding the three-level subaccount to existing multi-subaccount name of the parent account "Cash". Namely, the "MultiSubaccount Name" form of the "Cash" is the "Identity ID

It should be time to study and apply a mathematical accounting model which is easy to understand and audit, and is accurate and reliable. The paper distinctly describes three accounting's concepts or models (physical accounting model, double-entry system model, and mathematical accounting model) and their relationships. The physical accounting model naturally exists since business emerging and is the base of all other accounting models. The physical accounting model is actually consisted of every transaction which is based on a principle: exchange of equal values. The double-entry system model, which is still used all over the world, uses a logical method to keep recording transactions accurate. Its main characters are the T account with debit and credit, chart of accounts, two classes of permanent and temporary accounts, and trial balance. The mathematical accounting model is based on a basic expanding accounting equation and has developed following main characters: mathematical axiom principle, dynamic accounting equation, sub-equation of the dynamic accounting equation, five classes of permanent accounts, multi-subaccount name, structures of financial statements, and account flow statement. The same parts of the double-entry system and mathematical accounting models are to satisfy the basic accounting equation at the beginning of a fiscal year and the ending of a fiscal year, but the difference of them is that they take the different ways to reach the ending of the fiscal year. Based on the mathematical accounting model, I have developed a MathAccounting software. The MathAccounting software, which will be introduced in detail, has four function models: Transactions, Reports, Backup/Restore, and Maintenances. The MathAccounting software has little limitation, so it can be used by all economic entities regardless of their size, nature of business, and form of business organization without any altering. The paper also introduces a concept of the great accounting, which is based on the MathAccounting software and the wealth conservation law, in detail. The great accounting means two aspects. In the great data time, centered management of accounting is an inexorable trend. Every business company can login in a government's centered database by using of its business number. And every department in an organization can do part work of the accounting about itself duty. All works of the organization's departments will be made up of the financial statements. The great accounting has many advantages, such as being difficult to draw up false accounts and to evade a tax.

What kind of the data is the most important data in the era of big data? All social members, which include the governments, the organizations, the companies, and the individuals, are interested in the data of the cash, so the most important data is the data of the cash. Then, where is the most reliable and the most correct data of cash? Because the data of the cash in all banks is recorded by using of all smart cards automatically, the customers' data of the cash in these banks is the most trustworthy.The data of the cash in the banks can be regarded as a standard or a ruler of measuring other data of the cash. From this idea, I wrote the two books of the "Digital Currency Embedded in Identities of All Society Members I and II". Based on these two books, I have developed and extended a concept of the Digital Inventory. The inventory account is a concomitant of the cash account or the account receivable (account payable) account.There are only two kinds of forms of the three accounts which appear in a transaction sub-equation. First, there must be the cash account with the inventory account in a transaction sub-equation. Of course, this sub-equation may include the account receivable (account payable) account. When the cash is embedded in a social member identity, the inventory is also embedded in this social member identity automatically. Another is that there is not any cash account and is only account receivable (account payable) account with the inventory account in a transaction sub-equation. The lowest subaccount of the account receivable (account payable) account is a telephone number and there is a relationship of one to one between a telephone number and a social member identity. Therefore, when a transaction sub-equation only includes an account receivable (account payable) account and an inventory account, the inventory is also embedded in this social member identity automatically. By tracking the embedded identity, the parts of this inventory and its product code will be detected. All inventories embedded in all social members' identities and information of their parts and their product codes will be consisted of the Digital Inventory. The combination of internet and the digital inventory by using of programming is the Internet of Things. The core technology will be introduced in detail in this book. The Internet of Things will realize intelligent recognition, tracking, monitoring and management of all inventories. In this situation, counterfeit and shoddy products will be impossible to occur.Keywords: digital currency, digital inventory, and internet of things