Bøger af Hela Gdoura

Achalasia is the most common primary motor disorder. It is suspected in the early stages of functional dysphagia associated with regurgitation or chest pain, and is confirmed by manometry, which in this case shows esophageal aperistalsis and lack of relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter. At a more advanced stage, when dysphagia tends to be organic in nature, patients report respiratory symptoms with an impact on their general condition. There is no curative treatment. Therapeutic means work by reducing pressure on the lower esophageal sphincter. Surgery and pneumatic dilatation may be used, depending on the patient's condition and the factors predicting a good response.

Severe acute colitis is a serious complication of ulcerative colitis (UC). It can be life-threatening for the patient. Its definition is based on a set of clinico-biological and/or endoscopic criteria. In the event of any outbreak of UC, severe acute colitis must be ruled out. Therapeutic management is multidisciplinary. It must be rapid, first of all eliminating a complication requiring emergency surgical treatment. Several molecules are currently available in the therapeutic arsenal for this entity. The difficulty in managing it is to entrust the patient to the surgeon at the right time.

Celiac disease is an autoimmune disease characterized by intolerance to gluten in genetically predisposed individuals. It is evoked on clinical and biological grounds and confirmed by serological tests and histology. It generally has a favorable evolution. The gluten-free diet is the treatment for this pathology. It allows the restoration of endoscopic lesions and consequently the improvement of the deficiency syndrome. However, its evolution can be enamelled by complications of which the most dreadful remains the lymphomatous transformation. Compliance with the gluten-free diet is therefore a major therapeutic objective to ensure a good quality of life and avoid complications.

Hemorrhagic rectocolitis is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease whose etiopathogeny is quite complex. It is considered a multifactorial disease. It is a frequent disease that affects young adults. The diagnosis is based on a combination of clinical, biological, endoscopic and histological evidence. Endoscopy plays an essential role in the diagnostic process, hence the importance of a good analysis of the elementary lesions found. The endoscopic score, calculated at the end of each colonoscopy, makes it possible to specify the severity of the current attack subjectively and to evaluate the subsequent therapeutic response.