Bøger af Joseph Valerie Evina

Special contracts are public contracts relating to defense, national security and the strategic interests of the State. In other words, apart from the army, the police and the gendarmerie, there are other sectors that fall within the scope of the State's strategic interests, such as energy, water, public health, education and many others. These contracts are very important for a country's economic recovery and the protection of national interests. In view of their particularly sensitive nature, special contracts benefit from flexible rules that derogate from those applicable to conventional public procurement. However, emergencies can sometimes threaten national security and defense, as well as the strategic interests of the State. Cameroonian and French legislators have taken measures to deal with such emergencies. The work in question will make a comparative study of Cameroonian and French legislation on emergency situations in the awarding of special contracts. In other words, the work will identify the specific features of each legislation on the subject.

Once public contracts have been awarded, contracting authorities often refuse to pay companies, as the public administration is covered by immunity from execution and cannot impose enforcement measures. Faced with this situation, which puts companies in difficulty, Cameroonian and OHADA legislation has proposed ways of circumventing this immunity to force the administration to pay. But these means of pressure are insufficient. This will lead to an improvement in the state of these laws.

It sometimes happens that certain actors involved in the management and control of public enterprises voluntarily transgress the rules of OHADA law on commercial companies and economic interest groups without taking into account the general interest but their selfish interests. Faced with these harmful practices, Cameroonian and OHADA legislators have not shown an indifferent attitude and have introduced measures to prohibit certain practices in order to achieve the goals pursued by public enterprises in all transparency. The work in question will therefore highlight not only the offences related to Cameroonian public enterprises but also the sanctions provided for by the regulations in force. The aim is to moralize the actors of the management of public enterprises and to secure public funds. The book will also show the impact of OHADA law on the penalization of public enterprises in Cameroon.

Il arrive parfois que certains acteurs intervenant dans la gestion et le contrôle des entreprises publiques transgressent volontairement les règles du droit OHADA des sociétés commerciales et de groupement d'intérêt économique sans tenir compte de l'intérêt général mais de leurs intérêts égoïstes. Face à ces pratiques nocives, les législateurs camerounais et de l'OHADA n'ont pas affiché une attitude indifférente et ont instauré des mesures visant à interdire certaines pratiques pour mener à bout les buts poursuivis par les entreprises publiques en toute transparence. L'ouvrage en question fera donc ressortir non seulement les infractions liées aux entreprises publiques camerounaises mais aussi les sanctions prévues par les réglementations en vigueur. Ceci dans le but de moraliser les acteurs de la gestion des entreprises publiques et de sécuriser les fonds publics. L'ouvrage montrera aussi l'impact du droit OHADA sur la pénalisation des entreprises publiques au Cameroun.

Depuis 2017, le droit camerounais des entreprises publiques s'est arrimé au droit OHADA. Ceci à travers la mise en place d'une loi dont le but est de fixer le statut général de ces entreprises. L'article 10 de cette loi du 12 juillet 2017 a ainsi posé le principe selon lequel toutes les entreprises publiques camerounaises sont non seulement des sociétés anonymes mais elles sont également soumises aux dispositions de l'acte uniforme OHADA relatif au droit des sociétés commerciales et du groupement d'intérêt économique. Le même article impose aussi à ces entreprises de se soumettre à leur législation nationale à travers cette loi précitée. Six ans plus tard, malgré les efforts fournis par le législateur camerounais pour arrimer les entreprises publiques au droit OHADA, les entreprises publiques restent toujours sous l'emprise du droit public dans certains compartiments. Ceci se justifie par les missions de performance et d'intérêt général imposées par l'Etat. Preuve que la soumission au droit OHADA par le droit camerounais des entreprises publiques n'est pas absolue.

Desde 2017, a lei camaronesa sobre as empresas públicas tem sido alinhada com a lei OHADA. Isto foi feito através da implementação de uma lei cujo objectivo é estabelecer o estatuto geral destas empresas. O artigo 10 desta lei de 12 de Julho de 2017 estabeleceu assim o princípio de que todas as empresas públicas camaronesas não são apenas sociedades anónimas, mas estão também sujeitas às disposições da Lei Uniforme da OHADA sobre o direito das sociedades comerciais e grupos de interesse económico. O mesmo artigo exige também que estas empresas se submetam à sua legislação nacional através da lei acima referida. Seis anos mais tarde, apesar dos esforços feitos pelo legislador camaronês para alinhar as empresas públicas com a lei OHADA, as empresas públicas continuam a estar sob a influência do direito público em certas áreas. Isto é justificado pelo desempenho e pelas missões de interesse geral impostas pelo Estado. Isto prova que a submissão das empresas públicas à lei OHADA pela lei camaronesa não é absoluta.

Dal 2017, la legislazione camerunese sulle imprese pubbliche è stata allineata a quella dell'OHADA. Ciò è stato fatto attraverso l'implementazione di una legge il cui scopo è quello di stabilire lo status generale di queste società. L'articolo 10 di questa legge del 12 luglio 2017 ha quindi stabilito il principio che tutte le imprese pubbliche camerunesi non solo sono società per azioni, ma sono anche soggette alle disposizioni dell'Atto uniforme OHADA sul diritto delle società commerciali e dei gruppi di interesse economico. Lo stesso articolo impone a queste aziende di sottoporsi alla legislazione nazionale attraverso la legge citata. Sei anni dopo, nonostante gli sforzi compiuti dal legislatore camerunese per allineare le imprese pubbliche al diritto dell'OHADA, in alcuni settori le imprese pubbliche continuano a subire l'influenza del diritto pubblico. Ciò è giustificato dalle missioni di prestazione e di interesse generale imposte dallo Stato. Ciò dimostra che l'assoggettamento delle imprese pubbliche al diritto dell'OHADA da parte della legge camerunense non è assoluto.

Seit 2017 hat sich das kamerunische Recht der öffentlichen Unternehmen an das OHADA-Recht angedockt. Dies geschah durch die Einführung eines Gesetzes, dessen Ziel es ist, den allgemeinen Status dieser Unternehmen festzulegen. Artikel 10 dieses Gesetzes vom 12. Juli 2017 legte somit den Grundsatz fest, dass alle kamerunischen öffentlichen Unternehmen nicht nur Aktiengesellschaften sind, sondern auch den Bestimmungen des Einheitlichen Akts der OHADA über das Recht der Handelsgesellschaften und der wirtschaftlichen Interessenvereinigung unterliegen. Derselbe Artikel verpflichtet diese Unternehmen auch dazu, sich durch dieses oben genannte Gesetz ihrer nationalen Gesetzgebung zu unterwerfen. Sechs Jahre später stehen die öffentlichen Unternehmen trotz der Bemühungen des kamerunischen Gesetzgebers, die öffentlichen Unternehmen an das OHADA-Recht anzubinden, in einigen Bereichen immer noch unter dem Einfluss des öffentlichen Rechts. Dies ist durch die vom Staat auferlegten Aufgaben der Leistung und des allgemeinen Interesses gerechtfertigt. Ein Beweis dafür, dass die Unterwerfung der öffentlichen Unternehmen unter das OHADA-Recht durch das kamerunische Recht nicht absolut ist.

Since 2017, Cameroonian law on public enterprises has been aligned with OHADA law. This is through the establishment of a law whose purpose is to set the general status of these companies. Article 10 of this law of July 12, 2017 thus established the principle that all Cameroonian public enterprises are not only public limited companies but they are also subject to the provisions of the OHADA Uniform Act on the law of commercial companies and economic interest grouping. The same article also requires these companies to submit to their national legislation through the aforementioned law. Six years later, despite the efforts made by the Cameroonian legislator to bring public enterprises into line with OHADA law, public enterprises are still under the influence of public law in certain areas. This is justified by the performance and general interest missions imposed by the State. This proves that the submission of public enterprises to OHADA law by Cameroonian law is not absolute.