Bøger af Joseph Valerie Evina

Special contracts are public contracts relating to defense, national security and the strategic interests of the State. In other words, apart from the army, the police and the gendarmerie, there are other sectors that fall within the scope of the State's strategic interests, such as energy, water, public health, education and many others. These contracts are very important for a country's economic recovery and the protection of national interests. In view of their particularly sensitive nature, special contracts benefit from flexible rules that derogate from those applicable to conventional public procurement. However, emergencies can sometimes threaten national security and defense, as well as the strategic interests of the State. Cameroonian and French legislators have taken measures to deal with such emergencies. The work in question will make a comparative study of Cameroonian and French legislation on emergency situations in the awarding of special contracts. In other words, the work will identify the specific features of each legislation on the subject.

Gli appalti speciali sono appalti pubblici relativi alla difesa, alla sicurezza nazionale e agli interessi strategici dello Stato. In altre parole, oltre all'esercito, alla polizia e alla gendarmeria, ci sono altri settori che rientrano negli interessi strategici dello Stato, come l'energia, l'acqua, la sanità pubblica, l'istruzione e molti altri. Questi contratti sono molto importanti per la ripresa economica del Paese e per la tutela degli interessi nazionali. Data la loro natura particolarmente sensibile, gli appalti speciali beneficiano di norme flessibili che derogano alle regole applicabili agli appalti pubblici tradizionali. Tuttavia, in alcuni casi possono essere in gioco la sicurezza e la difesa nazionale, nonché gli interessi strategici dello Stato. Il legislatore camerunese e quello francese hanno adottato misure per far fronte a tali emergenze. Il libro in questione si propone di effettuare uno studio comparativo della legislazione camerunese e francese sulle situazioni di emergenza nell'aggiudicazione di appalti speciali. In altre parole, individuerà le caratteristiche specifiche della legislazione di ciascun Paese in questo settore.

Os contratos especiais são contratos públicos relacionados com a defesa, a segurança nacional e os interesses estratégicos do Estado. Por outras palavras, para além do exército, da polícia e da gendarmaria, há outros sectores que se inserem nos interesses estratégicos do Estado, como a energia, a água, a saúde pública, a educação e muitos outros. Estes contratos são muito importantes para a recuperação económica de um país e para a proteção dos interesses nacionais. Dado o seu carácter particularmente sensível, os contratos especiais beneficiam de regras flexíveis que derrogam as regras aplicáveis aos contratos públicos tradicionais. No entanto, pode haver momentos em que a segurança e a defesa nacionais, bem como os interesses estratégicos do Estado, estejam em causa. Os legisladores camaronês e francês adoptaram medidas para fazer face a estas situações de emergência. O livro em questão fará um estudo comparativo da legislação camaronesa e francesa sobre situações de emergência na adjudicação de contratos especiais. Por outras palavras, identificará as especificidades da legislação de cada país neste domínio.

Sonderaufträge sind öffentliche Aufträge, die in die Bereiche der Verteidigung, der nationalen Sicherheit und der strategischen Interessen des Staates fallen. Mit anderen Worten: Neben der Armee, der Polizei und der Gendarmerie gibt es noch andere Bereiche, die unter die strategischen Interessen des Staates fallen, wie Energie, Wasser, öffentliche Gesundheit, Bildung und viele andere. Diese Märkte sind sehr wichtig für die wirtschaftliche Erholung eines Landes und den Schutz der nationalen Interessen. Aufgrund ihrer besonders sensiblen Natur gelten für Sonderaufträge flexible Regeln, die von den Regeln für herkömmliche öffentliche Aufträge abweichen. Es kann jedoch vorkommen, dass die nationale Sicherheit und Verteidigung sowie die strategischen Interessen des Staates durch Dringlichkeit gefährdet werden. Um diesem Notfall zu begegnen, haben der kamerunische und der französische Gesetzgeber Maßnahmen ergriffen. In diesem Buch wird eine vergleichende Studie über die kamerunische und französische Gesetzgebung im Bereich der Dringlichkeit bei der Vergabe von Sonderaufträgen durchgeführt. Mit anderen Worten, das Werk wird die Besonderheiten der jeweiligen Gesetzgebung in dieser Frage herausarbeiten.

Once public contracts have been awarded, contracting authorities often refuse to pay companies, as the public administration is covered by immunity from execution and cannot impose enforcement measures. Faced with this situation, which puts companies in difficulty, Cameroonian and OHADA legislation has proposed ways of circumventing this immunity to force the administration to pay. But these means of pressure are insufficient. This will lead to an improvement in the state of these laws.

It sometimes happens that certain actors involved in the management and control of public enterprises voluntarily transgress the rules of OHADA law on commercial companies and economic interest groups without taking into account the general interest but their selfish interests. Faced with these harmful practices, Cameroonian and OHADA legislators have not shown an indifferent attitude and have introduced measures to prohibit certain practices in order to achieve the goals pursued by public enterprises in all transparency. The work in question will therefore highlight not only the offences related to Cameroonian public enterprises but also the sanctions provided for by the regulations in force. The aim is to moralize the actors of the management of public enterprises and to secure public funds. The book will also show the impact of OHADA law on the penalization of public enterprises in Cameroon.

Since 2017, Cameroonian law on public enterprises has been aligned with OHADA law. This is through the establishment of a law whose purpose is to set the general status of these companies. Article 10 of this law of July 12, 2017 thus established the principle that all Cameroonian public enterprises are not only public limited companies but they are also subject to the provisions of the OHADA Uniform Act on the law of commercial companies and economic interest grouping. The same article also requires these companies to submit to their national legislation through the aforementioned law. Six years later, despite the efforts made by the Cameroonian legislator to bring public enterprises into line with OHADA law, public enterprises are still under the influence of public law in certain areas. This is justified by the performance and general interest missions imposed by the State. This proves that the submission of public enterprises to OHADA law by Cameroonian law is not absolute.