Bøger af Karim Sadeghi

The Covid-19 pandemic has directly impacted the way teachers and learners worldwide teach and learn languages, forcing numerous educational activities in technologically-deprived contexts to stop altogether and those in technologically-rich environments to go online on an emergency basis. This volume provides a collection of theoretical and practical insights into the challenges and affordances faced globally during the pandemic and lessons learnt about the application of digital technologies for language teaching and learning. The chapters explore the vital role of technology in its various forms, including the internet, social media, CALL (Computer-Assisted Language Learning), MALL (Mobile Assisted Language Learning), TALL (Technology Assisted Language Learning) and TELL (Technology Enhanced Language Learning). Topics explored include the new avenues digital technology has opened up for language teachers and learners, options and challenges in applying technology in various contexts, and how the second language education industry could have been adversely impacted at the time of the pandemic without technological affordances. The contributions showcase studies from various geographical contexts, revealing how the global crisis was received and tackled differently in Australia, Hong Kong, Iran, Italy, Japan, New Zealand, the UAE, the UK and the USA.

This timely collection explores the role of digital technology in language education and assessment during the COVID-19 pandemic. It recognises the unique pressures which the COVID-19 pandemic placed on assessment in language education, and examines the forced shift in assessment strategies to go online, the existing shortfalls, as well as unique affordances of technology-assisted L2 assessment.By showcasing international examples of successful digital and computer-assisted proficiency and skills testing, the volume addresses theoretical and practical concerns relating to test validity, reliability, ethics, and student experience in a range of testing contexts. Particular attention is given to identifying lessons and implications for future research and practice, and the challenges of implementing unplanned computer-assisted language assessment during a crisis.Insightfully unpacking the 'lessons learned' from COVID and its impact on the acceleration of the shift towards online course and assessment delivery, it offers important guidelines for navigating assessment in different instructional settings in times of crisis. It will appeal to scholars, researchers, educators, and faculty with interests in educational measurement, digital education and technology, and language assessment and testing.

Testing and measurement can be claimed to be as old as humanity. People have always wanted to understand the value and attributes of stuff surrounding them and have therefore found tools to measure such qualities. As a science, however, educational measurement is a recent phenomenon. More recently the concern has been on how qualitative information can be elicited to reveal a more authentic picture of learners¿ potentials that what psychometric tools reveal. Accordingly, there has been a shift of paradigm from quantitative-oriented testing and measurement tools to qualitative-focused assessment tasks. A further shift has also taken place to divert the initiation of assessment from teachers to learners themselves in the form of self and peer assessment activities as well as other alternative assessment procedures such as portfolios and journals. This research-oriented book evaluates the effectiveness of such alternative assessment on academic achievement in ELT and is hoped to be useful for both researchers and practitioners in education, applied linguistics and language testing.

This book investigates the issue of cloze-validity as a measure of second language reading comprehension. It starts off by making a distinction between general reading ability and the more specific reading comprehension followed by a thorough review of the related research on L2 reading comprehension and sorting out the confusion in the literature in this categorization. A comprehensive account of cloze procedure is presented discussing its origin, different versions, its use for teaching and testing purposes, as well the latest research on cloze as measures of readability, language proficiency and second language reading. The book includes studies conducted at several stages on validating cloze as a measure of reading and interview and questionnaire techniques are applied to investigate the validity of eight cloze tests, criterion reading tests, and other cloze and reading tests in general. Two new cloze tests, i.e. reader-centered cloze test and phrase cloze test, are also introduced and researched as measures of reading ability. The book concludes with suggestions for developing tests that can better measure reading comprehension in light of recent research insights on the complex and dynamic nature of reading.This book will appeal to researchers, lecturers and graduate and post-graduate students taking a course in Second Language Acquisition, Applied Linguistics, TESOL, Language Assessment, and Educational Measurement.

Learning a second or foreign language has challenged many a learner, and there is no shortage of theories proposed by specialists in a hope to make this intriguing task a bit simpler. The fact is that we are still far away from a perfect understanding of the processes involved in learning a second language which make it so different from acquiring L1. What we do know for sure is, however, that the ability to speak a foreign language requires more than a mere knowledge of its grammatical and semantic rules. Learners must acquire the knowledge of how native speakers use the language naturally by capitalizing on a wealth of prefabricated forms such as collocations and idioms. Based on such an assumption, this book sheds light on the relationship between collocational knowledge, speaking proficiency, and oral use of collocations in an EFL context, with a focus on the role L1 transfer plays in their production.

An integral requirement of any educational program is the chance to evaluate the effectiveness of the delivery of education. Traditionally evaluative tools of various sorts have been used to measure the process and product of teaching. More recently however as far as English as a second/foreign language is concerned more innovative alternative assessment procedures have been practiced for decades. The problem however with all such assessment techniques has been that they have been static in nature in that they have been meant to measure the product rather than the process of education. Dynamic assessment, which views assessment as an integrated part of teaching rather than as its final loop, has accordingly been proposed as an alternative and complement to static or standardized types of assessment. The focus of this book is on the viability of using dynamic as an instructional adjunct in the development of EFL learners' grammar. The audience of the book includes assessment experts, ELT professionals and SLA researchers.