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Maternal health refers to the well-being of women during pregnancy and after the birth of the child. It also relates to maintaining the health of mothers in the postpartum period. Infant health is an area of study within medicine dealing with the well-being and prevention of diseases in infants. The significant aspect of this field is to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality. Several other health care dimensions such as family planning, preconception, and prenatal and postnatal care are also covered under the domain of maternal and child health. The several factors affecting maternal health include poverty and access to healthcare, pre-existing conditions such as HIV/AIDS and maternal weight. The leading cause of death among women of reproductive age is considered to be complications of pregnancy and childbirth. Maternal bleeding, postpartum infections including maternal sepsis, hypertensive diseases of pregnancy, obstructed labor, and pregnancy with abortive outcome including miscarriage and ectopic pregnancy are some causes that can be attributed to maternal mortality. This book brings forth some of the most innovative concepts and elucidates the unexplored aspects of maternal and infant health. It will help the readers in keeping pace with the rapid developments in this field of study.
Pregnancy is defined as the term that describes the time period in which a fetus develops inside a woman's body. One or more offspring can also be developed inside a woman's womb. Pregnancy occurs by sexual intercourse or assisted reproductive technologies. It takes around 9 months after the last menstrual period for the complete development of a baby. Pregnancy may include complications like disorders of high blood pressure, gestational diabetes, iron-deficiency, anemia, and severe nausea and vomiting. Pregnancy needs good prenatal care which focuses on the identification and treatment of medical complications. It involves the avoidance of drugs and alcohol, regular exercises and physical examinations and intake of extra folic acid. Childbirth is the ending of pregnancy, which is commonly done through vaginal delivery. It involves three stages of labor- the shortening and the opening of the cervix, the birth of the baby and the delivery of the placenta. There are many challenges that occur during childbirth such as obstructed labor, postpartum infection, fetal complications, postpartum bleeding, and eclampsia. Such selected concepts that redefine the subject of pregnancy and childbirth have been presented in this book. The various studies that are constantly contributing towards advancing technologies and evolution of this field are examined in detail. This book will serve as a reference to a broad spectrum of readers.
Pregnancy or gestation refers to the time when one or more offspring are developed inside a woman's womb. It can occur by sexual intercourse or using reproductive technology. Childbirth generally occurs in 40 weeks or 9 months from the start of the last menstrual period. Some of the symptoms of pregnancy are missed periods, tender breasts, hunger, frequent urination, and nausea and vomiting. It can be diagnosed by doing physical tests, using biomarkers and obstetric ultrasonography. Maternal health is managed by taking proper prenatal care, managing nutrition, and intake of multivitamins and pharmaceutical drugs. This book unfolds the innovative aspects of pregnancy, childbirth and maternal health which will be crucial for the progress of these fields in the future. The extensive content of this book provides the readers with a thorough understanding of the subjects. It presents researches and studies performed by experts across the globe.
Pregnancy is the time during which one or more offspring develop inside a woman. It is divided into three trimesters. The first trimester is from week 1 through 12, the second trimester is from week 13 through 28 and the third trimester is from 29 weeks through 40 weeks. Pregnancy needs good prenatal care which focuses on the identification and treatment of any medical complications. It includes taking extra folic acid, avoiding drugs and alcohol, regular exercise, blood test, and regular physical examinations. Pregnancy may include complications like disorders of high blood pressure, gestational diabetes, iron-deficiency, anemia, and severe nausea and vomiting. Childbirth is the ending of pregnancy, which is commonly done via vaginal delivery. It involves three stages of labor - the shortening and the opening of the cervix, the birth of the baby and the delivery of the placenta. There are many complications that occur during childbirth such as obstructed labor, postpartum infection, fetal complications, postpartum bleeding, and eclampsia. The baby may have complications like lack of oxygen at birth, birth trauma, and infections. There are many measures taken to avoid such complications during pregnancy and childbirth. This book unravels the recent studies in the field of pregnancy and childbirth. It consists of contributions made by international experts. This book will provide comprehensive knowledge to the readers.
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