Bøger af Lamyaa Taha

There are an emergent machine learning(ML) algorithms to classify land-cover and land-use. In this book we focus on the relatively mature methods (seven methods) support vector (SVM) machines, decision trees (DTs), artificial neural networks, k-nearest neighbours (k-NN), naïve Bayes, Boosting and Random forest (RF).Accurate and timely collection of urban land use and land cover information is crucial for many aspects of urban development and environment protection.Accurate land covers classification is challenging. Improving land cover classification is a hot topic. It is needed for many applications such as land use land cover mapping environmental monitoring, natural resource management, urban planning, and management and change detection. Then a number of ensample methods were studied to combine various classifiers.

In this book, an overview of DL is presented that adopts various perspectives such as state-of-the-arts deep learning techniques, Deep learning approaches, applications. Additionally, the potential problems on deep learning technology. This research presents convolutional neural networks (CNNs) which the most utilized DL network type. A survey of the CNN deep learning architectures that are frequently encountered in the literature, along with their strengths and limitations and describes the development of CNNs architectures together with their main features, e.g., AlexNet, VGG, ResNet, DenseNet, GoogLeNet, Inception: ResNet nd Inception V3/ V4, SegNet, U Net, Point CNN and MASK R-CNN .A detailed study on application of Convolutional Neural Network on the remote sensing to extract features is also explained. Challenges that met CNN were discussed.

Any digital representation of the continuous variation of relief over space surface is known as Digital elevation model. DEM ¿s have been used and are currently in use in a great number of applications such as route engineering, landspacing, military -purpose mapping, remote sensing telecommunications, hydraulic studies, land and geographic information systems. This research deals with study of different techniques for DEM generation. DEM definition was mentioned. The factors that affect in selecting a certain technique not the others then generation of DEM from topographic maps, ground surveying (GPS), analytical photogrammetry, digital photogrammetry and LIDAR was discussed.

One of the early evidences of civilization has been the map ¿a graphic depiction of the Earths surface .There are three fundamental characteristics of good maps ¿content, currency and accuracy.Content is largely a matter of scale, currency is the date of map information while accuracy determines how will one can locate positions and make measurements in a defined coordinate system (Colvocoresses,1997).