Bøger af Leena Tomer

Il termine CAD/CAM, che deriva dalla tecnologia delle macchine utensili ed è l'acronimo di "Computer-Aided-Design / Computer-Aided-Manufacturing", indica la progettazione tridimensionale di un pezzo sullo schermo di un computer con la successiva produzione automatizzata mediante una macchina utensile controllata dal computer. Nel 1971, Francois Duret ha introdotto la tecnologia CAD-CAM nel campo dell'odontoiatria. La sua idea si basava sul presupposto che le tecnologie consolidate nell'industria potessero essere facilmente trasferite all'odontoiatria. L'uso industriale del CAD-CAM consente di produrre automaticamente un numero qualsiasi di pezzi simili, risparmiando tempo e fatica manuale. In odontoiatria, tuttavia, questa filosofia non può essere applicata a causa delle esigenze di adattamento individuale del progetto di restauro (produzione unica) al paziente.

Le terme CAD/CAM, issu de la technologie des machines-outils et signifiant "Computer-Aided-Design / Computer-Aided-Manufacturing", désigne la planification tridimensionnelle d'une pièce sur l'écran d'un ordinateur, suivie de sa production automatisée par une machine-outil commandée par ordinateur. En 1971, François Duret a introduit la technologie CAD-CAM dans le domaine de la dentisterie. Son idée était basée sur l'hypothèse que les technologies établies dans l'industrie pouvaient être facilement transférées à la dentisterie. L'utilisation industrielle de la CFAO permet de produire automatiquement un nombre illimité de pièces similaires, tout en économisant du temps et des efforts manuels. En médecine dentaire, cependant, cette philosophie ne peut être appliquée en raison des exigences d'adaptation individuelle de la conception de la restauration (production unique) au patient.

Der aus der Werkzeugmaschinentechnik stammende Begriff CAD/CAM steht für "Computer-Aided-Design / Computer-Aided-Manufacturing" und bezeichnet die dreidimensionale Planung eines Werkstücks auf dem Bildschirm eines Computers mit anschließender automatisierter Fertigung durch eine computergesteuerte Werkzeugmaschine. 1971 führte Francois Duret die CAD-CAM-Technologie in den Bereich der Zahnmedizin ein. Seine Idee basierte auf der Annahme, dass sich die in der Industrie etablierten Technologien leicht auf die Zahnmedizin übertragen lassen. Der industrielle Einsatz von CAD-CAM ermöglicht es, eine beliebige Anzahl gleichartiger Werkstücke automatisch herzustellen und dabei Zeit und manuellen Aufwand zu sparen. In der Zahnmedizin kann diese Philosophie jedoch nicht angewandt werden, da eine individuelle Anpassung des Restaurationsdesigns (Einzelanfertigung) an den Patienten erforderlich ist.

O termo CAD/CAM, que vem da tecnologia das máquinas-ferramentas e significa "Computer-Aided-Design / Computer-Aided-Manufacturing", designa o planeamento tridimensional de uma peça de trabalho no ecrã de um computador com a subsequente produção automatizada por uma máquina-ferramenta controlada por computador. Em 1971, François Duret introduziu a tecnologia CAD-CAM no domínio da medicina dentária. A sua ideia baseava-se no pressuposto de que as tecnologias estabelecidas na indústria podiam ser facilmente transferidas para a medicina dentária. A utilização industrial do CAD-CAM permite a produção automática de um grande número de peças semelhantes, poupando tempo e esforço manual. Na medicina dentária, contudo, esta filosofia não pode ser aplicada devido às exigências da adaptação individual do desenho da restauração (produção única) ao paciente.

The term CAD/CAM, which comes from machine-tool technology and stands for ¿Computer-Aided-Design / Computer-Aided-Manufacturing¿, designates the three-dimensional planning of a workpiece on the screen of a computer with subsequent automated production by a computer controlled machine tool. In 1971, Francois Duret introduced CAD-CAM technology to the field of dentistry. His idea was based upon the assumption that the technologies established in industry could be easily transferred to dentistry. The industrial use of CAD-CAM allows the production of any number of similar workpieces automatically, while saving time and manual effort. In dental medicine, however, this philosophy can not be applied due to the demands of the individual adaptation of the restoration design (one-of-a-kind production) to the patient.

The knowledge of normal salivary composition, flow and function is extremely important on a daily basis when treating the patients. Recognition should be given to saliva for the many contribution it makes to the preservation and maintenance of oral and systemic health. For fabrication of complete dentures, the anatomy and physiologic characteristics of the tongue and its environment must be evaluated thoroughly. Any abnormalities will jeopardize the success of such dentures. The tongue must engage in the normal physiologic acts of speech, mastication and deglutition and at the same time help stabilize the complete denture. Fabrication of the denture base and artificial tooth placement are important in aiding or hindering the tongue in accomplishing its tasks. The tongue is too mobile for one to make a useful impression of it, it is important for the patient¿s comfort and the stability of the dentures that when its musculature is relaxed, it should find itself in a cavity which at least gives it room to relax, otherwise it is like a confined prisoner with an attempt to stand upright resulting in immediate springing forward of the mandibular denture, when the teeth are separated.

The major block in oral health care of elderly and the residents would be the underestimation of the oral health care need by them. The dental care of the residents is often limited to emergency care and is not aimed at retaining teeth. Conversely, with changing attitudes the oral health goal should include: Keeping their teeth, keeping their teeth healthy and keeping their teeth pretty. The best option to serve the residents would be ¿home dentistry or domiciliary dental care,¿ however it is yet an infrequent practice in India.In everyday experience, one frequently speaks of a person as seeming older or younger than his chronological age, or of a person as being old in years but young in spirit. These comments do not imply that a man of 20 years cannot be distinguished from one of 40, or the man of 40 from one of 60 years. The findings indicate that aging is, to a great extent, an individual matter and that there are many facets to the aging process. The process of aging follows no clearly defined course of events by which it is possible to determine accurately the "age" of any individual.