Bøger af Minoru Fujimoto

Phase transitions in which crystalline solids undergo structural changes present an interesting problem in the interplay between the crystal structure and the ordering process that is typically nonlinear. Intended for readers with prior knowledge of basic condensed-matter physics, this book emphasizes the physics behind spontaneous structural changes in crystals.Starting with the relevant thermodynamic principles, the text discusses the nature of order variables in collective motion in structural phase transitions, where a singularity in such a collective mode is responsible for lattice instability as revealed by soft phonons. In this book, critical anomalies at second-order structural transitions are first analyzed with the condensate model. Discussions on the nonlinear ordering mechanism are followed with the soliton theory, thereby interpreting the role of long-range order. Relevant details for nonlinear mathematics are therefore given for minimum necessity. The text also discusses experimental methods for modulated crystal structures, giving examples of structural changes in representative systems. This book is divided into two parts. The first part includes such topics as the Landau theory of phase transitions, statistics, correlations, and the mean-field approximation, pseudospins and their collective motion, soft lattice modes, condensates and their nonlinear growth, and lattice imperfections and their role in phase transitions of real crystals. The second part discusses experimental studies of modulated crystals using X-ray diffraction, neutron inelastic scattering, light scattering, dielectric measurements, and magnetic resonance spectroscopy. While the presence of modulated structures in the critical region is not particularly suggested in the published results of these studies, it is notable that most observed anomalies indicate evidence for pinned pseudospin condensates.

Nonlinear physics is a well-established discipline in physics today. This book offers a comprehensive account of the basic soliton theory and its applications. It addresses mathematical theories, but also suggests possible theoretical innovations for many issues, providing a stimulating reference for both students and researchers.

An introduction to the statistical thermodynamics of phase transitions in crystallized solids, polymers and liquid crystals. Written as an introductory treatise with respect to the soliton concept, the book examines structural transitions where the crystal symmetry changes, magnets and superconductors, and describes the role of nonlinear excitations in detail.

This book offers a novel survey of the roles played by order variables and dynamic lattices in crystals. This edition includes new material on magnetic crystals. Also discusses the multi-electron system as an example of superconductivity in metallic crystals.

This book is unique because unlike others on the subject that focus on mathematical arguments, this volume emphasizes the original field concept, aiming at objectives in modern information technology.

Solitons in Crystalline Processes presents the soliton theory applied to crystalline processes for the first time. Starting with critical anomalies in binary transitions, the soliton idea leads to nonlinear waves in crystals, constituting the basic objective in this book. The theory explains logically not only structural transformations and mesoscopic disorder, but also the nonlinear mechanism of superconductivity with respect to the charge-current continuity substantiated by experimental studies; in contrast, for magnetic systems where solitons are relatively insignificant. Generally, solitons play the fundamental role in ordering processes in crystals, where the collective motion are essential for mesoscopic disorder in thermal equilibrium.This book is written as an introductory treatise with respect to the soliton concept, from structural transitions where the crystal symmetry changes, to magnets and superconductors, describing the role of nonlinear excitations in detail. Parts I and II introduce the theory and experimental techniques, while Part III discusses soliton theory of lattice dynamics in detail, and Part IV discusses the applications of this theory to superconductivity and magnetism. Exercises are given for each chapter to further develop understanding, and mathematics are limited to those needed to understand the theory.