Bøger af Ofelia Castañeda López

La politica ambientale è l'insieme delle attività e delle procedure con cui i diversi livelli di competenza e organizzazione dello Stato o delle imprese e delle organizzazioni non governative cercano di proteggere l'ambiente e conservare la natura, adottate e adattate dai governi firmatari di accordi internazionali. Il panorama delle politiche ambientali nazionali si è evoluto da un approccio lineare e settoriale per fornire servizi specifici a breve o medio termine, spesso in funzione dei cicli elettorali. Questo tipo di risposta non è sempre la più appropriata per affrontare le sfide complesse e multisettoriali dello sviluppo sostenibile, il cui orizzonte temporale si estende per generazioni e richiede un impegno prolungato oltre i 6 anni di un mandato governativo. Lo sviluppo sostenibile richiede un approccio tripartito incentrato su ambiente, economia e società, che va contro il modo tradizionale di formulare e sviluppare le politiche. In Messico la politica ambientale è stabilita legalmente sulla base dei principi contenuti nell'articolo 15 della L.G.E.E.P.A.

La politique environnementale est l'ensemble des activités et des procédures par lesquelles les différents niveaux de compétence et d'organisation de l'État, des entreprises et des organisations non gouvernementales cherchent à protéger l'environnement et à préserver la nature, adoptées et adaptées par les gouvernements signataires d'accords internationaux. Le paysage de la politique environnementale nationale a évolué d'une approche linéaire et sectorielle visant à fournir des services spécifiques à court ou moyen terme, souvent en fonction des cycles électoraux. Ce type de réponse n'est pas toujours le plus approprié pour relever les défis complexes et multisectoriels du développement durable, dont l'horizon temporel s'étend sur plusieurs générations et nécessite un engagement soutenu au-delà des six années d'un mandat gouvernemental. Le développement durable exige une approche à trois volets axée sur l'environnement, l'économie et la société, ce qui va à l'encontre de la méthode traditionnelle de formulation et d'élaboration des politiques. Au Mexique, la politique environnementale est légalement établie sur la base des principes contenus dans l'article 15 de la L.G.E.E.P.A.

Unter Umweltpolitik versteht man die Gesamtheit der Maßnahmen und Verfahren, mit denen die verschiedenen Zuständigkeits- und Organisationsebenen des Staates, der Wirtschaft und der Nichtregierungsorganisationen versuchen, die Umwelt zu schützen und die Natur zu erhalten, und die von den Regierungen, die internationale Übereinkommen unterzeichnet haben, angenommen und angepasst werden. Die nationale Umweltpolitik hat sich aus einem linearen, sektoralen Ansatz entwickelt, um kurz- oder mittelfristig bestimmte Leistungen zu erbringen, die oft von Wahlzyklen abhängen. Diese Art der Reaktion ist nicht immer die geeignetste, um die komplexen und sektorübergreifenden Herausforderungen der nachhaltigen Entwicklung zu bewältigen, deren Zeithorizont sich über Generationen erstreckt und ein nachhaltiges Engagement über die sechsjährige Amtszeit einer Regierung hinaus erfordert. Nachhaltige Entwicklung erfordert einen dreigleisigen Ansatz, der sich auf Umwelt, Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft konzentriert, was im Gegensatz zur traditionellen Art der Politikformulierung und -entwicklung steht. In Mexiko ist die Umweltpolitik auf der Grundlage der in Artikel 15 des L.G.E.E.P.A. enthaltenen Grundsätze gesetzlich verankert.

A política ambiental é o conjunto de actividades e procedimentos através dos quais diferentes níveis de competência e organização do Estado ou das empresas e organizações não governamentais procuram proteger o ambiente e conservar a natureza, adoptados e adaptados pelos governos signatários de acordos internacionais. O panorama da política nacional do ambiente evoluiu de uma abordagem linear e setorial para prestar serviços específicos a curto ou médio prazo, muitas vezes em função dos ciclos eleitorais. Este tipo de resposta nem sempre é o mais adequado para enfrentar os desafios complexos e multi-sectoriais do desenvolvimento sustentável, cujo horizonte temporal abrange gerações e exige um compromisso sustentado para além dos 6 anos de um mandato governamental. O DS requer uma abordagem tripla centrada no ambiente, na economia e na sociedade, o que contraria a forma tradicional de formulação e desenvolvimento de políticas. No México, a política ambiental é legalmente estabelecida com base nos princípios contidos no artigo 15º da L.G.E.E.P.A.

Environmental policy is the set of activities and procedures by which different levels of competence and organisation of the state or of business and non-governmental organisations seek to protect the environment and conserve nature, adopted and adapted by governments that are signatories to international agreements. The national environmental policy landscape has evolved from a linear, sectoral approach to provide specific services in the short or medium term, often depending on electoral cycles. This type of response is not always the most appropriate to address the complex and multi-sectoral challenges of sustainable development, whose time horizon spans generations and requires a sustained commitment beyond the 6 years of a governmental term. SD requires a three-pronged approach focusing on environment, economy and society, which goes against the traditional way of policy formulation and development. In Mexico environmental policy is legally established on the basis of the principles contained in Article 15 of the L.G.E.E.P.A.

The Mexican Republic is located between the geographical coordinates: 14° 32' 27" South, 32° 43' 06" North, 86° 42' 36" Southeast and 118° 27' 24" West. There are 17 coastal states: Baja California, Baja California Sur, Sonora, Sinaloa, Nayarit, Jalisco, Colima, Michoacán, Guerrero, Oaxaca, Chiapas, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Tabasco, Campeche, Yucatán and Quintana Roo; in such a way that the Mexican coast occupies an approximate surface of 1,020,965 km2, covering about 57.2% of the total surface of the territory. Climatic variability involves tropical to subtropical conditions; arid and semi-arid climates predominate in the north, and humid and sub-humid climates in the south. Approximately 37% of the territory corresponds to the sub-humid climate, which is present in the coastal plains of the Pacific, Gulf of Mexico and northeast of the Yucatan Peninsula. Genus Callinectes: Decapoda: Brachyura: Portunidae. Swimming crabs, wide distribution in the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean, life cycle with planktonic and benthic stages, ecological and economic importance. Pacific Ocean: C. arcuatus, C. bellicosus, C. toxotes; Gulf of Mexico: C. sapidus and C. rathbunae.

The importance of coastal ecosystems lies in the fact that they are considered one of the most productive systems on the planet in terms of primary productivity and high nutrient content, compared to other terrestrial environments, such as tropical rainforests and agricultural crops. One of the main components of these ecosystems are mangrove forests, whose ecological functions include the conversion of nutrients from organic matter, which represent an indispensable source for maintaining the productivity of coastal fisheries. Mangroves also function as traps for various types of contaminants, such as municipal organic waste, industrial waste, agricultural waste, and chemical substances from agricultural activities. For this reason, coastal ecosystems play a key role in maintaining the essential ecological cycles of coastal water quality, and their high productivity maintains a rich and complex food chain, which, in turn, characterizes the high fishery production in the country's lagoon systems.