Bøger af Patrick Kimuyu

Seminar paper from the year 2018 in the subject Chemistry - Bio-chemistry, grade: 1, Egerton University, language: English, abstract: For centuries, energy crisis has been a major challenge that has affected economic development in almost all nations around the globe. As a result, so as to meet the severity of this day-to-day requirement, different nations have shifted their focus towards alternative energy sources that contain diverse energetic potential, and have the ability of meeting the economic concerns among nations. Bioenergy is one of the main non-conventional resources of energy that is comprised of energy obtained from life forms (Malik, & Sangwan, 2012). High dependence on conventional sources of energy that have been directly or even indirectly obtained from fossil fuels, for example, petroleum and coal have demonstrated detrimental effects on the environment in different nations worldwide. Bioresources are eco-friendly because they are not created, are self-prevalent and everywhere, not to mention that they do not leave toxic end products after processing. Some of the major bioresources include biomass, carcasses, dead plants and cow-dung. However, there is limited biomass utilization in energetic application due to inadequate biochemical modification techniques that may facilitate profitability. Nanotechnology refers to a new dimension of material sciences that targets entities miniaturization so as to achieve improved performance through functionalities improvement. It is a dimension that is multidisciplinary in nature since it originates from diverse, overlapping natural sciences fields. It is a technology that has provided faster and reliable methods of optimizing energy generation from the bio-sources. Therefore, the main purpose of this paper is to explore the use of biomass and nanotechnology as alternative energy source.

Seminar paper from the year 2018 in the subject Medicine - Neurology, Psychiatry, Addiction, grade: 1, Egerton University, language: English, abstract: Schizophrenia is a psychotic disorder affecting all people, worldwide. Its prevalence is higher among males than females in which its onset is 25 years and 27 years in men and women, respectively.The causes of this disorder are associated with genetic and environmental factors. Some genetic factors increase vulnerability of an individual to the disease, whereas environmental factors trigger the disease in vulnerable individuals. Its main signs and symptoms include delusions, disorganized speech, catatonic behavior, and hallucinations. Diagnosis of schizophrenia is based on DSM and ICD-10 criteria, and it involves differential diagnosis of other psychotic and medical issues. Overall, the pathophysiology of this illness is related to abnormalities in brain structure, neurotransmitter and immune system. As such, treatment aims at addressing the symptoms of the disorder in which antipsychotic medication and psychosocial interventions serve as the main treatment approaches.Regarding prognosis of schizophrenia, inadequate access to healthcare increases mortality. Suicide is one of the main causes of mortality among people with schizophrenia.Conclusively, schizophrenia presents immense challenges, but research has been instrumental in improving its diagnosis and treatment.

Seminar paper from the year 2018 in the subject Medicine - Anatomy, Physiology, Cytology, grade: 1.2, Egerton University, language: English, abstract: In this case study, the pathophysiology of Acontractile Smooth Muscle Syndrome (ASMS) seems easy to understand because its cause is known. The fact that ASMS is caused by a genetic mutation of recessive genes implies that it affects tissues and organs which have smooth muscles (Webb, 2003). Therefore, this paper will present a number of hypotheses on the possible pathophysiology of ASMS.Due to extensive epidemiological studies and technological advancements in the field of medicine, new diseases are being regularly discovered. Understanding human physiology and pathophysiology has enhanced the search for cures and therapeutic remedies to most diseases. However, some health conditions are accompanied by unprecedented controversy owing to the absence of known etiological causes.In most cases, knowing the aetiology of a certain disease helps in developing medicines and treatment therapies, in order to cure the disease or manage the disease symptoms, as it is the case with chronic illnesses.

Literature Review from the year 2018 in the subject Medicine - Diagnostics, grade: 1, Egerton University, language: English, abstract: Primary screening of cervical cancer has been faced with an array of challenges which are attributable to the lack of appropriate technology. These challenges compromised the effectiveness of screening programs in different countries. It is apparent that the detection of cervical cancer precursors forms the basis for the success of screening programs for cervical cancer leading to the reduction of cervical cancer incidence and prevalence trends. Currently, there are two diagnostic methods that can be used for primary screening of cervical cancer: Pap cytology and HPV DNA test. However, the comparative effectiveness of this diagnostic tests indicate that HPV test is more effective than Pap cytology which is used as a first-line diagnostic method in cervical cancer prevention programs in many countries. Cytology testing and HPV testing differ significantly on the level of accuracy and sensitivity. Evidence studies indicate that HPV test exhibits high sensitivity and accuracy compared to Pap test. In a publicly-financed healthcare system such as the US, Canadian and EU, HPV testing has been proven to be more cost-effective than Pap test. Therefore, there is need to adopt HPV test for triage and primary screening.

Seminar paper from the year 2018 in the subject Medicine - Therapy, grade: 1, Egerton University, language: English, abstract: Sepsis is believed to be one of the most life-threatening medical conditions. This condition is associated with an infection that triggers inflammation responses leading to inflammations in different body parts and organs. In most cases, bacterial infections serve as the causes of sepsis. In practice, sepsis can be viewed as a condition that occur in three stages with sepsis progressing into severe sepsis and then septic shock that is characterized by organ failure. Evidence indicates that incidences for severe sepsis and septic shock have increased rapidly in the past decade and this is attributable to the increase of the aging population. As a result, severe sepsis and septic shock are considered some of the most causes of mortality and morbidity in intensive care. This phenomenon has prompted physicians and professional societies to implement management procedures that focus on early intervention. Therefore, this presentation will provide a comprehensive discussion on pharmacological and non pharmacological treatment of sepsis.

Essay from the year 2018 in the subject Health - Public Health, grade: 1, Egerton University, language: English, abstract: Agricultural production has over the years transformed from subsistence farming to more intensive commercial farming. It is apparent that industrial agriculture has been epitomized as an important way of promoting farming efficiency, as well as increasing agricultural production. This has led to increased food sustainability in developed countries. It has also played a significant role in addressing food shortages in developing countries. Although industrial farming has helped to feed more people around the world, it has brought harm to both people and the planet as a whole. Thankfully, biotechnology has begun to make industrial farming more environmentally friendly, and as a nation we need to more fully embrace the revolution it is bringing to agriculture. It is apparent that industrial farming has immense consequences on the environment ranging from environmental pollution to the phenomenon of climate change. Therefore, this paper will provide an aesthetic analysis of the harmful impact of industrial farming on the environment.

Seminar paper from the year 2018 in the subject Nursing Science - Miscellaneous, grade: 1.4, Egerton University, language: English, abstract: In the recent years, nursing education and practice appear to have been influenced by the current healthcare reforms. The Affordable Care Act has introduced cross-sectional changes in the US healthcare system. For instance, it has led to an increase in the number of uninsured people by introducing universal healthcare under the reviewed health insurance plans. It is predicted that ¿expanding the reach of insurance coverage will place greater demands on the primary care system, as witnessed in Massachusetts¿ (IOM, 2010a). Consequently, the scope of healthcare services has experienced immense changes ranging from patient¿s privacy protection as it is defined by HIPAA to the treatment of degenerative diseases. IOM observes ¿primary care medical homes and accountable care organizations (ACOs)¿rely on interventions that fall squarely within the scope of practice of RNs (e.g., care coordination, transitional care)¿ (p.375). Owing to these changes in the US healthcare system, transient reforms in the nursing profession are deemed necessary for addressing the vast needs of the US population, and this explains the importance of the 2010 Institute of Medicine¿s recommendations. Evidence indicates that, the nursing profession plays the pivotal role in the healthcare system because it accounts for the largest percentage of the healthcare workforce. As such, introducing transformations in the nursing profession appear to be as significant as the Affordable Care Act, especially regarding the improvement of healthcare service delivery. Therefore, this research paper will provide a comprehensive overview on the impact of IOM recommendations on the nursing profession including the key messages.

Seminar paper from the year 2018 in the subject Biology - Neurobiology, grade: 1, Egerton University, language: English, abstract: The psychology of learning consists of two concepts: education and psychology. Educational psychology, therefore, is the application of pure science in education with the purpose of modifying and socializing the behavior of an individual. According to Mintz (2013), educational psychology is a description and explanation of the learning experience of a person from their birth to old age. It is that psychology branch dealing with learning and teaching. Krishna (2004) states that, the meaning of educational has been defined differently, but the notable definitions are by Stephen who defines educational psychology as the ¿systematic study of the educational growth and development of a child¿. On the other hand, Judd (2009) describes educational psychology as ¿the science that explains the changes that take place in the individuals as they pass through the various stages of development¿. In short, this is the science of learning.

Polemic Paper from the year 2018 in the subject Medicine - Pharmacology, grade: 1, Egerton University, language: English, abstract: In the recent years, there has been a growing number of concerns about the cause and effect of using large scale pesticides for crop and general insect control. The concerns have also centered on how these pesticides are applied. There have been correlations made between aerial spraying and its impacts on the health of the general population. Notably, majority of pesticides used in the control of insects are not selective. For instance, Naled, Resmethrin and Malathion have been found to kill all insects. The numbers of insects killed include those help in keeping other insects under control. Additionally, aerial spraying threatens lives of aquatic animals and birds. More importantly, agricultural production is under threat owing to increased usage of pesticides. This is because researchers argue that the continued usage of pesticides can lead to the development of resistance genes in organisms making them hard to control. As a result, farmers incur economic costs and decreased production. With the growing concern over public health and safety, many ways we use to operate have either been changed or eliminated altogether. As examples, the use of lead in house paint and asbestos as an insulation product, have been eliminated. Their removal is highly controlled and regulated. Regulations have been developed to govern the installation of electrical circuits and plumbing product. These have been implemented because of the growing awareness over health and safety.Research has also found that some pesticides used in mosquitoes contribute to immune suppression. Ideally, the suppression of the human system can lead to allergies, cancers, autoimmune disorder and lupus. For instance, Malathion is the mostly used pesticide and can cause neurotoxicity. Malathion can also cause headaches, diarrhea and nausea.It is time to stop aerial spraying and find other, less damaging mechanisms to deal with insect infestations. There is a reason for using aerial spraying of fire retardants for forest fires. The result being everything under the airplane is covered, not just the fire. I am proposing that we should stop the usage of aerial spraying and adopt safer practices to control insects. Aerial spraying has serious ramifications to the population, and to the planet.

Presentation slides from the year 2018 in the subject Nursing Science, grade: 1.2, Egerton University, language: English, abstract: Henderson's theory of nursing bears immense implications for nursing education, research and practice. Foremost, the development of the nursing education curriculum is based on the theory's core concepts. The development of nursing education curriculum follows three main phases that ensure students' progress in the learning process. In general, the theory's implications for nursing research are attributable to Henderson's emphasis on the significance of research in improving the nursing career. Therefore, this presentation discusses the implications of Henderson's theory of nursing.

Seminar paper from the year 2018 in the subject Sociology - Children and Youth, grade: 1, Egerton University, language: English, abstract: Immigration has emerged as a serious social issue in different regions of the world. For instance, immigration into the US has raised immense concerns due to the threat of terrorism. This has led to policy responses that aim at enhancing homeland security. On the other hand, immigration comes with its share of economic implications, racial discrimination, and juvenile delinquencies. Of great concern are the effects of immigration on children. Children are considered to be prone to the negative consequences arising from immigration, which is attributable to their dependency nature and challenges in adapting to family dynamics, especially in diverse cultural settings. It is implicit that immigration has taken diverse trends, which are not consistent with the traditional social theories such as the straight-line assimilation. As such, there is need to investigate this aspect from an advanced perspective. Evidence indicates that one in every five children in the US is either a second-generation immigrant or an immigrant child. This paper offers a comprehensive analysis of the effects of immigration on children.

Essay from the year 2018 in the subject Health - Public Health, grade: 1, Egerton University, language: English, abstract: This research paper will give a comprehensive overview on the core elements of the Sociology of the Body. It will digress into the principal tenets of the discipline and discuss how the human body has been theorized to address different roles. It will also discuss the role of the body in symbolic interaction and the sociology of health.Since its inception, sociology has been changing to assume diverse forms. In recent years, Sociology of the Body emerged as one of the fundamental branches of Sociology. Historically, Sociology was viewed on cultural and societal perspectives, and the body was considered as a peripheral element in the discipline. In Sociology of the Body, the body is considered as an interplay of multiple manifestations, identities, hierarchies and relations and, Kelland remarks, ¿that interplay results in an individual¿s unique way of knowing, their personal epistemology¿.

Essay from the year 2018 in the subject Business economics - Banking, Stock Exchanges, Insurance, Accounting, grade: 1.4, Egerton University, language: English, abstract: The main objective of this report is to understand the concept of PPI, explore the process lenders have adopted over the last 20 years in providing customers with PPI, and the controversy which evolved in the UK regarding the provision of PPI from a consumer, regulation and retail perspectives.Payment Protection Insurance (PPI) is a form of payment to customers that acts as a cover for the monthly repayments of loans owned to them by financial institutions such as the banks and insurance firms in situations when the customer becomes unemployed, falls sick or dies or even in case of an accident. Over the years, PPI has attracted increasing debate especially in the UK market following various concerns such as miss-sold products to customers who took loans. This concern led to some of the financial institutions in UK including HSBC to stop the progress of selling PPI in most of its branches in 2007, including personal loan protection plan, small business loan protection, cardholder repayment loan, mortgage repayment protection, and flexiloan repayment protection (Financial Ombudsman Service. 2011).

Seminar paper from the year 2018 in the subject Health - Public Health, grade: 1.6, Egerton University, language: English, abstract: In the United States cigarette smoking among youth and young adults is a prominent public health issue/concern. On this note, health compromising consequences has prompted many schools of thought and government agencies to set up programs that support smoking cessation in the United States. Cigarette smoking is a health compromising behavior because current statistics in the country show that it has resulted into approximately 443,000 premature deaths amongst youth and adults. Therefore, seminar paper discusses the impact of knowledge, attitude, and social norm changes on cigarette smoking behaviors in the United States.

Seminar paper from the year 2018 in the subject Medicine - Pediatrics, grade: 1, Egerton University, language: English, abstract: The theory of mind has emerged as a philosophical approach with an exceptional social importance. It explains social interactions amongst humans in daily engagements including maintaining emotional intimacy, influencing peers, and acquiring information. That level of significance explains why the theory has attracted extensive research attention over the past few decades. Ultimately, traditional research on the theory of mind has revealed the key underpinnings related to the paradigm. It has provided plausible reasons why the theory is essential in constructing mentalistic explanations for human behavior in typically developing individuals. From another perspective, the principle of the theory of mind appears to be of paramount significance for social functioning among clinical populations who experience challenges in social interaction. It is useful in explaining complex behaviors that are expressed by individuals with traumatic brain injury, autism spectrum disorders, and schizophrenia. To examine the theory of mind, researchers have developed several methods, which are based on single task measurements using comprehensive instruments. However, theorists continue to give conflicting perspectives towards the aspects linked to the theory of mind such as evidence for earlier abilities, task manipulation of the onset of the theory of mind, and integrity of false-belief tasks. Therefore, this discussion seeks to provide a focused critical analysis of the research methods used to examine the theory of mind, as well as the findings of research in relation to the theory of mind in both typically developing children and those with autism.

Document from the year 2018 in the subject Health - Public Health, grade: 1, Egerton University, language: English, abstract: In recent years, biotechnology has been the mainstay technology in both agricultural and medical field. This technology has led to the development of new medical techniques such as gene therapy for genetic disorders and diagnostic tools. In the field of agriculture, biotechnology, primarily genetic engineering has led to a substantial breakthrough in food production. It has led to the creation of transgenic plants and animals which express the desired characteristics such as high yield productivity, drought and disease resistance, as well as nutritional profile. In practice, genetic engineered organisms; plants and animals, are created through modifying their wild genomic composition to express new traits (FDA, 2014). These organisms are described as genetically transformed and their genetic composition is relatively different from that of the original or natural organisms referred to as ¿wild type.¿ These genetically engineered plants have been found to enhance food production; thus considered as the modern-day solution to global food crisis. Despite the benefits associated with genetically engineered crops, seeds by Monsanto have been shadowed by immense controversy over safety issues. An endless debate over the safety of genetically engineered seeds has raised an unprecedented outcry over health and environmental concerns. Therefore, this research paper will provide an elaborate discussion on the impacts of genetically modified food.

Polemic Paper from the year 2018 in the subject Economy - Health Economics, grade: 1, Egerton University, language: English, abstract: Over the decades, welfare states have been making effort to address social risks, in order to enhance the wellbeing and economic prosperity of their citizens. However, the post-industrial welfare state is experiencing a significant social risk shift due to social change. It is apparent that the post-industrial social change has led to the emergence of what the current literature refer to as ¿New Social Risks.¿ This implies that welfare states are facing a more complex task of responding to the ¿New Social Risks¿ which are attributable to changes in family structures and transformation of the labor market. From a critical perspective, the ¿New Social Risks¿ facing Australia and other affluent countries include precarious employment, gender inequality, economic insecurity, and poverty. Issues such as single parenthood, possession of obsolete or low skills, care for the elderly and disabled people, and work and family life balance are considered as new social risks. Even though a precise definition of the New Social Risks concept is entirely missing in literature, it is believed that these social risks are related to socioeconomic transformations within post-industrial societies. To address these risks, a universal basic income has become highly debated. However, the proposed Universal Basic Income policy is not a policy reform that fits all. Countries have to weigh its benefits and limitations. In the case of Australia, the key question should be whether this policy is ideal to solve the emerging social risks or not. Again, it is worth to consider its cost; can Australia afford it? Therefore, this essay presents a focused argument on whether Australia should adopt a basic income policy or not.

Document from the year 2018 in the subject Medicine - Medical Frontiers and Special Areas, grade: 1, Egerton University, language: English, abstract: This case study report provides a comprehensive discussion based on the psychological construction of emotions through the application of behavioral and cognitive theory in analyzing the given case study.Phobia is increasingly becoming a central point of attraction in the field of emotion research. Research psychologists are interested in generating more evidence to reconcile the wide differences that exist from the current findings. From a critical perspective, consensus on the basis of fear or phobia appears to be unlikely in the foreseeable future. This is attributable to the fact that psychologists perceive phobia as a psychological construct, whereas biologists argue fear to be an aspect that is discoverable through scientific inquiry. Another aspect that has contributed to the controversy surrounding research on phobia is the lack of consensus on how to investigate this emotion. Despite these controversies, clinical scientists are still engaged in intensive research on fear as an underlying aspect in mood and anxiety disorders. From a real-life perspective, phobias are not new in animals, including humans. As such, Adolphs perceives fear to be a central state of organisms.

Document from the year 2018 in the subject Medicine - Medical Frontiers and Special Areas, grade: 1, Egerton University, language: English, abstract: Euthanasia is commonly known as mercy killing or assisted suicide because the involved procedures are designed in such a way that, the patient¿s dignity is not degraded or compromised. Euthanasia has aroused unprecedented debate in the society because it involves several considerations; the most significant one¿s being practical, religious and ethical issues. Moreover, this practice seems to be somehow challenging to the health professionals, since it is not in alignment with the medical ethics nor legal framework. Euthanasia is illegal in the United Kingdom: thus, it is considered illegal. Therefore, approaches towards euthanasia require caution, since it can lead to imprisonment (Nicholson, 2000). For instance, voluntary euthanasia is considered as a crime in the United Kingdom, which is punishable by law. Any individual who deliberately executes euthanasia is subjected to serve a jail term. Therefore, this research paper will give an overview of euthanasia. Euthanasia has evoked unprecedented controversy in the society.

Document from the year 2018 in the subject Health - Public Health, grade: 1, Egerton University, language: English, abstract: In theory, epidemiological transitions are enhanced by designing of appropriate health strategies aimed at achieving sustainability in the global healthcare system. Therefore, approaches towards the achievement of universal access to healthcare by the global population will reduce mortality rates and improve health in general. This is the core approach adopted by the World Health Organization through the implementation of MDG #5: improving maternal health, MDG #4: reducing child mortality and MDG #6 combating malaria and other infectious diseases. It has been reported that various countries around the globe have recorded diverse progress towards achieving the principal MDG targets, especially with regard to MDG #6. However, the achievement of MDG 6; target 6C depends on the commitment of different countries. It is worth noting that, some countries have recorded remarkable progress towards the reversal of malaria incidence rate while others have lagged behind owing to historical, cultural, structural and critical factors. For instance, Uganda is among the countries which have recorded remarkable progress towards the achievement of MDG 6C target, although it has not met other target objectives of MDG #6. Therefore, this argumentative paper will provide a comprehensive evaluation of Ugandäs progress in combating malaria, and provide appropriate recommendations.

Seminar paper from the year 2018 in the subject Medicine - Hospital Environment, Clinical Medicine, grade: 1.5, Egerton University, language: English, abstract: Human beings have brains which respond to various signals in different manners. The nature of the attitude and the ambient environment serve as the principal determinants of an individual appropriate response. Motivation which entails that aspect of acquiring positive attitudes in the surrounding environment and incorporating them into one¿s behavior, purposely aimed at enhancing performance. Consequently, a motivational behavior appear to be the only influential aspect of human nature that holds promise to realization of one¿s intended goals in life as an individual. From the work performance perspective, motivation has been known to be a basic tool for improving productivity at the workplace. For this reason therefore, it is important to nature precepts of motivational behavior for profitable output to be realized. In life, individual¿s strive towards attaining success at last at the end of all tasks that one commits himself/herself ton undertake. On the hand, it is observed that all organizations¿ main objective is to achieve success. It¿s absolutely true to assert that all these adorable rewards from any form of work cannot be realized fully if motivation is deficient. In this research paper, all aspects of motivation are going to be discussed for general understanding as well as for identifying the most appropriate ways of nurturing motivational behavior in employees for improved performance at the workplace. At the work place, motivation plays a very fundamental role especially with regard to attitudes of the staff and their employees or rather their managers, who are primarily concerned with supervisory matters to achieve a particular task. Motivation therefore serves as the basic tool at the workplace for managers so as to ensure efficient alignment of aims, values and purpose especially among employees in any organization. Owing to human nature, motivational efforts appear to face a great challenge as each individual possesses personal preferences or attitudes which may be difficult to change or modify. As a result, it is important for managers to first identify and comprehend precisely for their employees motivational needs, after which they will take the most appropriate approaches to align their aims and values so as to improve performance hence increased chances of success.

Essay from the year 2018 in the subject Medicine - Epidemiology, grade: 1, Egerton University, language: English, abstract: Over the past few decades, the burden of non-communicable diseases seems to have been increasing year-by-year. Childhood obesity serves as an outstanding example of non-communicable conditions whose consequences seem to have reached catastrophic levels. Evidence indicates that obesity and overweight trends have been increasing at alarming rates, especially over the past three decades. This implies that the trends of obesity related health conditions are going to reflect upward changes in the future. According to Parsons, Power, Logan and Summerbell reaffirm that 70% of obese adults became obese during their childhood ages. In retrospect, this phenomenon is believed to be attributable to the greater social inequality in developed countries as compared to developing countries. Nevertheless, primary prevention strategies are required to reverse the diseases¿ trends across the world. Epidemiological rationale for the emphasis on primary prevention of childhood obesity is based on the fact that the condition is difficult to reverse with secondary interventions. Therefore, this report is intended to inform the Federal Health Minister the scope of childhood obesity and the appropriate interventions which can address its impact.

Seminar paper from the year 2018 in the subject Health - Public Health, grade: 1, Egerton University, language: English, abstract: In retrospect, substance use and sexual activity are quite common amongst adolescents and young adults. As such, it is emerging that sexual health amongst adolescents and young adults is seemingly becoming a significance public health challenge. Owing to the high rates of risky sexual behavior and alcohol use amongst adolescents and young adults, extensive scientific inquiry has focused on investigating the consequences of these issues. Of concern has been the correlation between the co-occurrence of alcohol use and risky sexual behavior with the transmission of sexually transmitted diseases including HIV/AIDS. It is also worth noting that alcohol use has a negative influence on protection against STDs because it impairs the use of protective barriers. Given that adolescents and young adults exhibit a high tendency of sexual risk taking, alcohol use exacerbates the issue of risky sexual behaviors in these groups. Morrison et al. claim that teenagers in the US ¿do not consistently protect themselves from sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) or unintended pregnancy¿. This explains the magnitude of the problem. Therefore, this paper provides a comprehensive critical analysis on the correlation between alcohol use and risky sexual behaviors amongst the young adults and adolescents. It will also discuss the consequences associated with alcohol use and risky sexual behavior amongst these groups.

Essay from the year 2018 in the subject Medicine - Social medicine, Industrial / Occupational Medicine, grade: 1, Egerton University, language: English, abstract: Affirmative action refers to a policy that gives very special consideration to minority groups and women. In retrospect, the controversy surrounding affirmative action is demonstrated by the divide in the judicial system regarding the justification of this policy perspective. Additionally, the public, policy makers and the international community express diverse perceptions on affirmative action.Proponents of affirmative action argue that this policy promotes diversity and provide utilitarian justice to women and minority groups. In contrast, opponents observe that affirmative action undermines meritocracy, as well as perpetuating reverse discrimination.Overall, women and minority groups are underrepresented in the workforce, as well as college admissions. Alternatives such as socioeconomic affirmative action programs, including outreach programs, percent plans and extending financial aid to disadvantaged populations will enhance the achievement of gender, ethnic and racial equality.

Seminar paper from the year 2018 in the subject Medicine - Anatomy, Physiology, Cytology, grade: 1, Egerton University, language: English, abstract: Over the past decades, scientific inquiry into the phenomenon of aging has produced extensive literature. Of great fascination is the mechanism that underlies aging process. From a biological perspective, aging takes a life course when an individual grows to maturity. During this phase in life, aging is not felt as a remarkable biological course due to the excitement that occurs during young age. However, the ageing coincides with explicit biological changes, especially the aspect of physical decline. It is this phase of ageing that has attracted the interests of both scientists and gerontologists. Scientists are focused on understanding the biology of aging. Biological studies indicate that ageing involves biological pathways such as the regulation of genes, metabolism and cellular signaling (López-Otín et al., 2013; Newgard & Pessin, 2014). These pathways play integral roles in controlling how the human body works including response to infection, stress, as well as recovery from injuries. On the other hand, gerontologists are concerned with the aspects of aging, in order to distinguish normal aging from disease. The task here involves establishing a clear boundary between normal aging and age-related health problems which have, for long, been considered as part of aging. For instance, the association of change in personality, especially during old age has been found to be an independent construct that does not have a significant relationship with normal ageing (National Institute of Health, 2015). In this respect, this paper provides a critical discussion on aspects of normal ageing, when combined with a chronic disease, may contribute to the development of disability, iatrogenic illness and geriatric syndromes, as well as elucidating the nurse¿s role in limiting this risk. This topic has immense implications to clinical practice. Foremost, ageing is associated with chronic illnesses. Additionally, some aspects of ageing exhibit interplay with chronic illnesses to cause devastating health consequences such as disability, iatrogenic illness and geriatric syndromes. Therefore, nursing care should focus on addressing chronic illnesses, as well as preventing the development of disability, iatrogenic illness and geriatric syndromes. As such, this essay discusses how the combination of normal ageing aspects with chronic illnesses may lead to these adverse health conditions using the case of diabetes.

Polemic Paper from the year 2017 in the subject Medicine - Medical Frontiers and Special Areas, grade: 1, Egerton University, language: English, abstract: Euthanasia is seemingly raising numerous agonizing ethical dilemmas. Therefore, this research paper will critically analyze the ethical aspects of euthanasia. Euthanasia refers to the termination of a terminally ill patient¿s life. It is executed at an individual¿s consent especially when someone is suffering from an incurable health condition. In addition, the decision to terminate a patient¿s life can also be made by the patient¿s relatives, the court of law or medical practitioners. However, it is worth noting that the decision by the relatives, the court or the medics is only reached at if the patient is critically ill, such that he or she cannot think or reason. Euthanasia is commonly known as mercy killing or assisted suicide because all the suicide procedures are designed in such a way that, the patient¿s dignity is not degraded or compromised. The Greeks termed it as euthanatos which simply meant easy death. Some individuals who are not terminally ill can sign consent for their lives to be terminated through euthanasia because of ethical reasons especially with matters related to human dignity, but this happens on rare occasions. However, euthanasia has aroused unprecedented debate in the society because it involves several considerations; the most significant one¿s being practical, religious and ethical issues. Moreover, this practice seems to be somehow challenging to the health professionals, since it is not in alignment with the medical ethics nor legal framework. Euthanasia is illegal in the United Kingdom: thus, it is considered illegal. Therefore, approaches towards euthanasia require caution, since it can lead to legal repercusions. For instance, voluntary euthanasia is considered as a crime in the United Kingdom, which is punishable by law. Any individual who deliberately executes euthanasia is subjected to serve a jail term.

Document from the year 2018 in the subject Medicine - Gynecology, Andrology, grade: 1, Egerton University, language: English, abstract: In retrospect, sexual disorders have a significant impact on an individual¿s quality of life. It is also apparent that these disorders bear immense significance to the clinical practice. Despite their impact, most physicians do not seem to be interested to engage in extensive discussion with patients regarding sexual desire problems. This phenomenon is, probably, attributable to several reasons including time constraints, lack of efficient therapeutic interventions and insufficient knowledge. One of the most debilitating sexual desire disorders is hypoactive sexual desire disorder. HSDD is also known as inhibited sexual desire. HSDD is characterized by decreased or absence of desire for sexual activity and sexual fantasies which causes interpersonal difficulties, as well as personal distress. In some circumstances, the diagnosis of HSDD exhibits co-morbidity to an underlying sexual dysfunction. However, this disorder is not exclusively attributed to the effects of any substance, pathology or another psychiatric disorder. Even though some clinical experts have hypothesized the causes of HSDD to be associated with biological imbalances, the pathophysiology of this disorder remains unknown. As such, efforts to develop a comprehensive treatment and management strategies have not achieved remarkable success. Therefore, this literature review aims at providing an overview of HSDD.