Bøger af Rakesh Kumar

Mobile adhoc hoc networks are a new class of infrastructureless computer networks without the use of access points instead nodes acts as access points for data communications.Optimised Link State Routing is a table driven routing protocol designed for mobile adhoc networks.In this book OLSR routing measurement performance analysis based on different simulation parameters is done with the help of NS-2 tool.An environment of small network with 5,10,15,20,25,30 nodes is created and the complexity of the network was observed.With the increase in the number of the nodes, the number of sent and delivered packets changes and which changes output and average end to end delay.OLSR is best suited for high mobility environments.

India is proud to be the largest democracy in the world. For more than sixty-eight years, India has witnessed the conduct of successful elections, peaceful changes of government at the centre and in the states, people exercising freedom of expression, movement and religion. At the same time, we quite often experience rampant inequalities, injustice or non fulfillment of social expectations. The book cover the detailed functions of governance and their status and social movements in India which strengthen the government institutions in India.

The aim of the study is to find out the hematological alterations caused by the heavy metal (mercuric chloride) in the African catfish Clarias gariepinus. Clarias gariepinus is chosen as an experimental animal on the basis of important criteria. The catfish Clarias gariepinus is a representative species and widely used in aquaculture. Moreover it is largely tolerant of high concentration of heavy metals. In addition, Clarias gariepinus is a hardy fish and can survive difficult conditions. Earth is also known as the Blue Planet (Mark et al., 2009). The abundance of water on Earth's surface is a unique feature that distinguishes the "Blue Planet" from others in the Solar System. About 71% of the surface is covered by salt water oceans, with the remainder consisting of continents and islands which together have many lakes and other sources of water that contribute to the hydrosphere. About 97.5% of the water is saline, while the remaining 2.5% is fresh water. Most fresh water, about 68.7%, is currently ice, (Shiklomanov and Igor, 1999).

Increasing world population, unpredictable climate and various kind of biotic and abiotic stresses necessitate the sustainable increase in crop production through developing improved cultivars possessing enhanced genetic resilience against all odds. An exploration of these challenges and near possible solution to improve yield is addressed in this book. It comprehensively and coherently reviews the application of various aspect of rapidly growing omics technology including genomics, proteomics, transcriptomics and metabolomics for crop development. It provides detailed examination of how omics can help crop science and introduces the benefits of using these technologies to enhance crop production, resistance and other values. It also provides platform to ponder upon the integrative approach of omics to deal with complex biological problems. The book highlights crop improvement such as yield enhancement, biotic and abiotic resistance, genetic modification, bioremediation, food security etc. It explores how the different omics technology independently and collectively would be used to improve the quantitative and qualitative traits of crop plants. The book is useful for graduate and post-graduate students of life science including researchers who are keen to know about the application of omics technologies in the different area of plant science. This book is also an asset to the modern plant breeders, and agriculture biotechnologist.

Hydrogel are networked structures of polymer crosslinked to each other and surrounded by an aqueous solution. The polymer chains contain acidic or basic groups bound to them. The acidic groups on the chains deprotonate at high pH, whereas the basic groups protonate at low pH. In the presence of an aqueous solution, the polymer chains absorb water and the association, dissociation and binding of various ions to polymer chains causes the hydrogel to swell. The swelling and shrinking properties of hydrogels are currently being exploited in a number of applications including control of microfluidic flow, muscle-like actuators filtration/separation, and drug delivery. The structure and properties of hydrogels are similar to many biological tissues such as cartilage and the corneal stroma in the eye.