Bøger af Sophia Milusheva

Essay from the year 2020 in the subject Politics - Environmental Policy, grade: 19/20, Sciences Po., Paris, course: Ocean governance and marine policy, language: English, abstract: This paper aims to investigate the roots of MSY and what prevents it from being as sustainable as intended. There exist three models of MSY; by Raymond and Hold, by Ricker, and by Schaefer. This paper focuses on Schaefer¿s Surplus Production Model, explaining how it works in regard to stock assessment and calculation approaches. Next, the scientific limitations of MSY are discussed, followed by the main focus of this paper, namely taking a closer look at the history of MSY in order to explain current critiques. It is found out that MSY is in fact a policy disguised as science which complicates the execution of its good intentions, and that fishery policies were not based on how successful MSY theories were, but rather the success of the theories was based on the fishery policies. These historic evolutions largely explain why the Maximum Sustainable Yield cannot be truly sustainable. Finally, several recommendations for the improvement of MSY and fisheries management are suggested.The term ¿over-fishing¿ was already present in the 1850s, however the extent of marine fisheries resources overexploitation was only realized in the 1900s. Simple and easily understandable guidelines on catch limits became desirable in fisheries management and thus a fixed maximum catch that a population could support seemed like an excellent reference point. The Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY) has a hundred years long history, emerging from mathematical models that were first introduced to population ecology in the 1930s. It further developed and bloomed in the 1950s, as Surplus Production Models were developed. Today, MSY is applied internationally by almost all regional management bodies, and is therefore widely used for the assessment of exploited stocks worldwide. However, there is a widespread criticism regarding its effectiveness.

Seminar paper from the year 2020 in the subject Law - European and International Law, Intellectual Properties, grade: 19/20, Sciences Po., Paris, course: Law of external relations of the EU, language: English, abstract: It is clear to the EU that shipping is an activity of international nature that requires intensive communication between involved parties and thus cannot be managed well by a single country. Following, the increasing involvement of the EU in the IMO has to be recognized and investigated. It should be considered which role the EU should play in the IMO, and how this role and expectations thereof have evolved over the years.To explore this, this paper firstly lays out the shipping policies of the IMO and the EU, before moving to the position that the EU holds within the IMO through its status and participation. Then, a timeline of the Commission¿s attempts of obtaining a full membership is explored, explaining international and Member States¿ responses. Finally, the paper explicitly addresses the legal challenges of reaching a full EU membership and elaborates on the duty of loyalty. The paper finds out that there are both advantages and disadvantages of an EU membership in the IMO through the Commission, and suggests that instead, a reinforced coordination between the EU and its Member States might be the better and more realistic solution for the EU/IMO relationship.The European Union made out of its 27 Member States spreads over 70,000 km along fours seas and two oceans. 41% of the world¿s fleet is controlled by European companies. The EU plays a crucial role in the shipping world, and is responsible for ensuring the sustainability of the marine environment in order for its sea-related companies to be competitive and thrive. Another entity that shares these responsibilities of ¿safe, secure and efficient shipping on clean oceans¿ is the UN¿s International Maritime Organization, established in 1948. Albeit its significant role in international maritime decision-making, the EU is not a member of the IMO, as membership is reserved for states only. The EU possesses the most advanced and comprehensive regulatory framework for shipping worldwide ¿ the 3rd Maritime Safety Package. However, internationally an opinion has been formed that the EU¿s approach is rather regional and unilateral and could thus possibly undermine the authority of international law.

Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2017 im Fachbereich Politik - Region: Westeuropa, Note: 19,5/20, Sciences Po Paris, Dijon, Nancy, Poitier, Menton, Havre, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Diese Arbeit untersucht die Medienpropaganda in Italien unter dem faschistischen Staatsoberhaupt Mussolini. Sie betrachtet die Differenz zwischen Realität und propagandareichen Medien, insbesondere inwieweit der Duce das Verhältnis beeinflusst und verbogen hat. Außerdem wird auf die Thematik der Gleichschaltung eingegangen und die Lage in Deutschland als Beispiel und mögliche Erklärung, genutzt, denn im faschistischen Italien und nationalsozialistischem Deutschland ergibt sich eine vergleichbare Faschismusforschung.Um die Medienpropaganda in Italien gänzlich zu verstehen scheint aus diesem Grund die Parallele zum nationalsozialistischen Deutschland zwischen 1933 und 1944 angemessen. Das Ziel dieser Hausarbeit ist es, die enorme Macht über die Bevölkerung zu zeigen und wie Mussolini mit jener Macht profitierend umging und die italienische Bevölkerung unter seine Kontrolle zu bringen. Die Arbeit ist in zwei Hauptpunkte aufgeteilt, jeweils mit zwei Unterteilen. Im ersten wird über die Gleichschaltung in Deutschland und über Mussolinis diktatorisches Leben berichtet. Der zweite Teil konzentriert sich explizit auf die Medienpropaganda, insbesondere auf die Filmindustrie und auf die Bildwerbung. Zum Schluss wird auf die These nochmal direkt eingegangen und Mussolinis Strategie aufgedeckt.