Bøger af Vimal Kumar

A água é o principal fator de produção das culturas e essencial para toda a vida - humana e animal. A agricultura e várias outras actividades económicas em zonas subtropicais a secas dependem da chuva. A recolha e a reciclagem da água da chuva em terras secas são importantes para melhorar a eficiência da utilização da água. No entanto, cerca de 80% das terras agrícolas do mundo são de sequeiro, contribuindo para pelo menos dois terços da produção alimentar mundial. As zonas de sequeiro representam atualmente cerca de 60% da produção alimentar mundial. Os rendimentos dos agricultores nas regiões de sequeiro dos países em desenvolvimento são baixos, em grande parte devido à baixa eficiência da utilização da água da chuva.

Voda qwlqetsq klüchewym faktorom w rasteniewodstwe i neobhodima dlq wsego zhiwogo - cheloweka i zhiwotnyh. Sel'skoe hozqjstwo i nekotorye drugie widy äkonomicheskoj deqtel'nosti w subtropicheskih i zasushliwyh rajonah zawisqt ot dozhdej. Sbor i pererabotka dozhdewoj wody w zasushliwyh rajonah wazhny dlq powysheniq äffektiwnosti wodopol'zowaniq. Odnako okolo 80 % sel'skohozqjstwennyh ugodij mira oroshaütsq dozhdem, chto obespechiwaet po men'shej mere dwe treti mirowogo proizwodstwa prodowol'stwiq. V nastoqschee wremq na dolü bogarnyh zemel' prihoditsq okolo 60 % mirowogo proizwodstwa prodowol'stwiq. Urozhajnost' fermerow w regionah s bogarnym zemledeliem w razwiwaüschihsq stranah nizkaq, w osnownom iz-za nizkoj äffektiwnosti ispol'zowaniq dozhdewoj wody.

L'eau est le principal intrant de la production agricole et est essentielle à toute forme de vie - humaine et animale. L'agriculture et plusieurs autres activités économiques dans les régions subtropicales et sèches dépendent de la pluie. La collecte et le recyclage de l'eau de pluie dans les zones arides sont importants pour améliorer l'efficacité de l'utilisation de l'eau. Cependant, environ 80 % des terres agricoles du monde sont cultivées sous pluie et contribuent à au moins deux tiers de la production alimentaire mondiale. Les zones non irriguées représentent actuellement environ 60 % de la production alimentaire mondiale. Les rendements des agriculteurs dans les régions pluviales des pays en développement sont faibles, en grande partie à cause de la faible efficacité de l'utilisation de l'eau de pluie.

Water is the key input in crop production and essential to all life¿human and animal. Agriculture and several of the other economic activities in sub-tropical to dry areas depend on rain. Harvesting and recycling of rain-water in dry lands are important in order to improve water use efficiency. However, about 80% of the world¿s agricultural land is rainfed, contributing to at least two-thirds of global food production. The rainfed areas currently account for about 60% of world food production. Farmers¿ yields in rainfed regions in the developing countries are low largely due to low rainwater use efficiency.

The sensor cloud is a new model of computing paradigm for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), which facilitates resource sharing and provides a platform to integrate different sensor networks where multiple users can build their own sensing applications at the same time. It enables a multi-user on-demand sensory system, where computing, sensing, and wireless network resources are shared among applications. Therefore, it has inherent challenges for providing security and privacy across the sensor cloud infrastructure. With the integration of WSNs with different ownerships, and users running a variety of applications including their own code, there is a need for a risk assessment mechanism to estimate the likelihood and impact of attacks on the life of the network. The data being generated by the wireless sensors in a sensor cloud need to be protected against adversaries, which may be outsiders as well as insiders. Similarly, the code disseminated to the sensors within the sensor cloud needs to be protected against inside and outside adversaries. Moreover, since the wireless sensors cannot support complex and energy-intensive measures, the lightweight schemes for integrity, security, and privacy of the data have to be redesigned.The book starts with the motivation and architecture discussion of a sensor cloud. Due to the integration of multiple WSNs running user-owned applications and code, the possibility of attacks is more likely. Thus, next, we discuss a risk assessment mechanism to estimate the likelihood and impact of attacks on these WSNs in a sensor cloud using a framework that allows the security administrator to better understand the threats present and take necessary actions. Then, we discuss integrity and privacy preserving data aggregation in a sensor cloud as it becomes harder to protect data in this environment. Integrity of data can be compromised as it becomes easier for an attacker to inject false data in a sensor cloud, and due to hop by hop nature, privacy of data could be leaked as well. Next, the book discusses a fine-grained access control scheme which works on the secure aggregated data in a sensor cloud. This scheme uses Attribute Based Encryption (ABE) to achieve the objective. Furthermore, to securely and efficiently disseminate application code in sensor cloud, we present a secure code dissemination algorithm which first reduces the amount of code to be transmitted from the base station to the sensor nodes. It then uses Symmetric Proxy Re-encryption along with Bloom filters and Hash-based Message Authentication Code (HMACs) to protect the code against eavesdropping and false code injection attacks.