Bøger af William Ophuls

*Immoderate Greatness* explains how a civilization's very magnitude conspires against it to cause downfall. Civilizations are hard-wired for self-destruction. They travel an arc from initial success to terminal decay and ultimate collapse due to intrinsic, inescapable biophysical limits combined with an inexorable trend toward moral decay and practical failure. Because our own civilization is global, its collapse will also be global, as well as uniquely devastating owing to the immensity of its population, complexity, and consumption. To avoid the common fate of all past civilizations will require a radical change in our ethos-to wit, the deliberate renunciation of greatness-lest we precipitate a dark age in which the arts and adornments of civilization are partially or completely lost.

Why are we sleepwalking toward a foreordained ecological collapse? What is the connection between the ecological crisis and the breakdown of liberal democracy? What do political history and philosophy, along with anthropology and depth psychology, have to say about these issues? And what will society look like when we exhaust solar capital in the form of fossil fuels and must live once again on the daily and seasonal flow of solar income? These interlocking essays throw light on all these questions, illuminating the forces that will determine the long-term future of humanity.

William Ophuls proposes a different way of thinking about governance. Inspired by architecture, he articulates a pattern language of politics-a set of thirty-five design criteria for constructing sane and humane polity. Since ancient times, human beings have asked a fundamental question: What is a good society, and how should it be governed? Plato's response was philosophical. In *The Republic*, he searched for an abstract notion of justice to guide political thought and action. Aristotle's response was empirical. In *The Politics*, he tried to discover which constitutions were more conducive to justice in practice. Following Aristotle, the modern era embraced constitutionalism as the royal road to political nirvana. Thus the American founders, who were also inspired by the mechanical worldview, framed a constitutional machine intended to foster individual liberty and the pursuit of happiness. But the mechanical worldview is no longer intellectually tenable, and constitutional governance is no longer practically viable. Far from fostering a society in which men and women flourish according to their own lights, modern polities grow steadily more dysfunctional and oppressive. Ophuls argues that a pattern language best accords with the dawning ecological worldview and the emerging scientific understanding of systems and chaos. He contends that the proper way to shape the political future is not with rigid legal machinery, as is our wont, but instead with flexible design criteria resembling the architectural patterns used for constructing human settlements and dwellings.

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This long-promised sequel to Ophuls's influential and controversial classic Ecology and the Politics of Scarcity is an equally provocative critique of the liberal philosophy of government.

A provocative essay that imagines a truly ecological future based on political transformation rather than the superficialities of "sustainability."

Ophuls examines the contradictory and self-destructive character of political systems founded on Hobbesian (or liberal) premises, concluding that we must now invent a new form of politics, if not a new mode of civilizationone rooted in a fresh conception of natural law that espouses a political paradigm more appropriate to the dawning age of ecology.