Bøger udgivet af American Medical Publishers

The endocrine system consists of various glands in the body that produce hormones, including the thyroid, adrenal glands, pancreas, and pituitary gland. The field of oncology that focuses on the diagnosis, treatment, and management of cancers related to the endocrine system is known as endocrine oncology. Cancers that develop in these glands or involve the production of hormones are referred to as endocrine tumors or endocrine neoplasms. Some of the major types of endocrine tumors are thyroid cancer, adrenal cancer and pituitary tumors. Thyroid cancer originates in the cells of the thyroid gland and can include types such as papillary, follicular, medullary, and anaplastic thyroid cancer. Adrenal cancer develops in the adrenal glands, which produce hormones such as cortisol and adrenaline. This book brings forth some of the most innovative concepts and elucidates the unexplored aspects of endocrine oncology. It will serve as a reference to a broad spectrum of readers.

The area of medicine that focuses on the diagnosis, treatment, and management of diseases and conditions affecting the skin, hair, nails, and mucous membranes is known as dermatology. A few of the common skin diseases which are treated within this field are eczema, psoriasis and dermatitis. Eczema refers to a chronic inflammatory condition that leads to itchy, red, and dry skin. Psoriasis is an autoimmune skin condition characterized by red, scaly patches on the skin. Dermatitis is an inflammation of the skin caused by contact with irritants or allergens. Treatments for these conditions may use topical medications, moisturizers or systemic medications, depending on the disease and its severity. This book contains some path-breaking studies in the field of dermatology. The various advancements in this field are glanced at and their applications as well as ramifications are looked at in detail. For all those who are interested in dermatology, this book can prove to be an essential guide.

The branch of medicine that focuses on the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of oral diseases and disorders is known as dentistry. It involves the maintenance of oral health, the prevention of dental problems, and the diagnosis and treatment of conditions that affect the teeth, gums and other supporting structures of the oral cavity. Dentistry encompasses specialized fields such as orthodontics, endodontics, and periodontics, which focus on the treatment of specific dental problems. It seeks to maintain optimal oral health, prevent dental problems, and restore or enhance the appearance and function of the teeth and surrounding tissues. Some of the treatment methods which are used within this field are dental fillings, root canal therapy, gum treatments, oral surgeries, orthodontics, and prosthetics like dental implants or dentures. This book includes some of the vital pieces of works being conducted across the world, on various topics related to dentistry. Those in search of information to further their knowledge will be greatly assisted by it.

Neurology refers to a medical specialty that focuses on the diagnosis, treatment and management of diseases and disorders that affect the nervous system, which comprises the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and muscles. Some common diseases and conditions which are treated under this field are stroke, epilepsy and multiple sclerosis. Stroke occurs when the blood supply to the brain is disrupted, leading to brain cell damage. Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures. Multiple sclerosis refers to an autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system, leading to inflammation and damage to the protective covering of nerve fibers. This book unravels the recent studies in the field of neurology. From theories to research to practical applications, clinical cases related to all contemporary topics of relevance to this field have been included herein. The book will serve as a reference to a broad spectrum of readers.

Endocrinology is a specialized field of medicine that focuses on the endocrine system, which includes glands that produce hormones to regulate various bodily functions. This field encompasses a wide range of disorders related to hormone imbalances and dysfunctions. These include thyroid disorders, polycystic ovary syndrome, and adrenal gland disorders. Thyroid disorders can involve either an overactive or underactive thyroid gland. Treatment options for these type of disorders may include medication to restore hormone balance, radioactive iodine therapy, or in some cases, surgical removal of the thyroid gland. Polycystic ovary syndrome is a hormonal disorder that affects women and can cause irregular menstrual periods, excess hair growth and fertility problems. The book aims to shed light on some of the unexplored aspects of endocrinology and the recent researches in this field. It will serve as a valuable source of reference for graduate and postgraduate students.

Nephrology is a medical specialty that focuses on the diagnosis, treatment, and management of kidney diseases and disorders. The kidneys play a vital role in filtering waste products, regulating fluid and electrolyte balance, and producing hormones that control blood pressure and stimulate red blood cell production. Nephrology covers a wide range of diseases and disorders, including glomerular diseases, hypertension-related kidney diseases, and Kidney-related metabolic disorders. Glomerular diseases are a group of conditions that affect the glomeruli, the tiny blood vessels in the kidneys responsible for filtering waste and excess fluids. The treatment of hypertension-related kidney diseases involves controlling blood pressure to prevent or slow the progression of kidney damage. This book brings forth some of the most innovative concepts and elucidates the unexplored aspects of nephrology. It will provide comprehensive knowledge to the readers.

Critical care is a specialized area of medicine focused on the management and treatment of patients with life-threatening conditions or severe organ dysfunction. It involves providing comprehensive care and monitoring patients in intensive care units (ICUs) or critical care settings. The primary goal of critical care is to stabilize and support vital functions, such as breathing, circulation and organ function, while addressing the underlying cause of the patient's critical condition. Some of the advanced medical interventions which are provided within this field include mechanical ventilation and hemodynamic support. Critical care encompasses a wide range of medical specialties, including cardiology, pulmonology, nephrology, and infectious diseases. This book unfolds the innovative aspects of critical care which will be crucial for the progress of this field in the future. It will provide comprehensive knowledge to the readers.

The specialized field of healthcare which is focused on diagnosing, preventing, and treating various diseases and conditions that affect the oral cavity is known as dentistry. It plays a crucial role in the maintenance of oral health and treatment of dental issues to ensure overall well-being. There are several common diseases and conditions treated in dentistry such as tooth decay, gum disease and oral cancer. Tooth decay is a medical condition caused by the accumulation of plaque and bacteria on the teeth, leading to cavities and tooth loss if left untreated. Gum disease, such as gingivitis and periodontitis, affects the gums and supporting structures of the teeth, leading to inflammation, bleeding, and ultimately tooth loss. Other dental problems which are dealt with under this field are bad breath, dental abscesses, tooth sensitivity, malocclusion, and temporomandibular joint disorder. This book unravels the recent studies in the field of dentistry. It will help new researchers by foregrounding their knowledge in this branch of medicine.

Hematology is the study of blood and blood disorders. It encompasses a wide range of topics including the physiology of blood cells, the mechanisms of blood clotting, and the diagnosis and treatment of various blood diseases. Hematology plays a vital role in healthcare as it involves the evaluation and management of conditions such as anemia, leukemia, lymphoma and bleeding disorders. It uses a variety of diagnostic tools, including blood tests, bone marrow biopsies and imaging studies to diagnose and treat these conditions. Treatment options may include medications, blood transfusions, bone marrow transplants, or chemotherapy. This book is a compilation of chapters that discuss the most vital concepts and emerging trends in the field of hematology. It will serve as a reference to a broad spectrum of readers.

Cardiology refers to the field of internal medicine that deals with the disorders of the cardiovascular system. It focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of heart-related conditions such as coronary artery disease, heart failure, congenital heart defects, valvular heart disease, and atheroma. High levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, obesity, high blood pressure, diabetes, physical inactivity, smoking, poor diet, and exposure to passive smoke are the major risk factors for cardiac diseases and strokes. Echocardiogram (ECHO), electrocardiogram (ECG), ambulatory ECG, and stress test are some of the most common diagnostic tests performed in cardiology. There are a variety of strategies for treating cardiovascular diseases including percutaneous coronary intervention, stenting, coronary artery bypass surgery, and percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. In order to manage heart health, people may also introduce certain lifestyle modifications such as consumption of balanced healthy diet (to lower cholesterol levels and blood pressure), regular exercise, taking prescribed medications, and maintaining a healthy body weight. In this book, using case studies, constant effort has been made to make the understanding of the difficult concepts of cardiology as easy and informative as possible. It is appropriate for students seeking detailed information in this area as well as for experts.

Orthopedics is a medical specialty that deals with the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of disorders and injuries of the musculoskeletal system. This system includes bones, joints, muscles, ligaments, tendons, and nerves that allow the body to move and function. Orthopedics deals with the management of conditions ranging from fractures and sports injuries to degenerative diseases like arthritis. It employs various methods, including non-surgical and surgical interventions. The non-surgical interventions encompass physical therapy, medication and injections, while prominent surgical procedures include joint replacements or spinal surgeries. The goal of orthopedics is to restore mobility, reduce pain, and improve overall quality of life for patients. This book provides comprehensive insights into the field of orthopedics. It will serve as a valuable source of reference for graduate and postgraduate students.

Oral and maxillofacial surgery is a specialized branch of dentistry that focuses on the diagnosis and surgical management of conditions affecting the face, jaws, mouth and neck. Some of the key procedures which are undertaken within this area of medicine are orthognathic surgery, management of facial trauma, and the extraction of impacted teeth. Orthognathic surgery aims to correct severe abnormalities of the jaw and facial structures, including problems with biting, chewing, speech, and facial balance. The management of facial trauma involves treating facial injuries resulting from accidents, sports-related incidents or assaults. Treatment of oral and facial infections also lies within this field of medicine. In this book, using case studies and examples, constant effort has been made to make the understanding of the difficult concepts of oral and maxillofacial surgery as easy and informative as possible, for the readers. It will help new researchers by foregrounding their knowledge in this area of medicine.

Eye diseases and disorders encompass a wide range of conditions that can affect the health and function of the eyes. These conditions can vary in severity and may impact vision to different degrees. Some common eye diseases and disorders are refractive errors, cataracts and glaucoma. Refractive errors, including myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism and presbyopia, result in blurry vision due to an abnormality in the way light is focused on the retina. Cataracts occur when the clear lens of the eye becomes clouded, leading to blurry vision, sensitivity to light, and difficulty seeing at night. Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions characterized by damage to the optic nerve, often caused by increased intraocular pressure. It can lead to gradual vision loss and even permanent blindness. The book aims to shed light on some of the unexplored aspects of eye diseases and disorders, and the recent researches in this field. It will provide comprehensive knowledge to the readers.

Ophthalmology is a specialized area within medicine which focuses on the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of disorders related to the eyes and visual system. The eyes are complex organs responsible for vision, and maintaining their health is crucial for optimal visual function. Some of the eye conditions which are dealt with under this field are refractive errors, cataracts, glaucoma, macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy. It also addresses other eye conditions, such as dry eye syndrome, eye infections, corneal disorders, retinal detachments, and ocular tumors. It makes use of various diagnostic tools and techniques, including visual acuity tests, slit-lamp examinations, fundus photography, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and angiography, to assess and diagnose eye disorders accurately. This book includes some of the vital pieces of work being conducted across the world, on various topics related to opthalmology. It will serve as a valuable source of reference for graduate and postgraduate students.

Vascular medicine is an area of medical science that involves the diagnosis and management of diseases affecting the blood vessels, including arteries, veins, and lymphatic vessels. The blood vessels play a crucial role in the transport of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products within the body. Vascular diseases can disrupt this important function, leading to a range of health issues. Some of the common vascular conditions are peripheral artery disease (PAD), deep vein thrombosis (DVT), varicose veins, venous insufficiency, and aneurysms. Vascular medicine utilizes various diagnostic tools, such as ultrasound, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), to assess the structure and function of blood vessels. This book unfolds the innovative aspects of vascular medicine which will be crucial for the progress of this field in the future. Those in search of information to further their knowledge will be greatly assisted by it.

Dermatology is a medical specialty which focuses on the skin, hair, nails, and mucous membranes as well as the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of conditions which affect them. Some of the various skin conditions which are diagnosed and managed within this field are skin infections, eczema, acne, psoriasis, dermatitis, skin cancer and allergic reactions. Skin infections can be classified into bacterial, viral, parasitic or fungal infections. They are generally treated using antibiotics or antifungal medications, to help clear the infection and prevent complications. This area of medicine also deals with cosmetic concerns and performs various procedures, such as chemical peels, laser treatments, injectable fillers, and botox injections, to enhance the appearance of the skin and treat the signs of aging. This book unravels the recent studies in the field of dermatology. It is appropriate for students seeking detailed information in this area of medicine as well as for experts.

The urinary system comprises the kidneys, bladder, ureters and urethra. The branch of medicine which focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of conditions related to the urinary system in both males and females, is known as urology. It employs a multidisciplinary approach, utilizing medical and surgical interventions, to manage a wide range of urologic disorders such as prostate disorders, erectile dysfunction, urinary tract infections (UTIs), kidney stones, bladder and kidney cancers, urinary tract obstructions, infertility, and congenital abnormalities of the urinary tract. Urology also deals with the diagnosis and treatment of conditions affecting the male reproductive system, such as erectile dysfunction and male infertility. These conditions can be treated through medication, hormonal therapy, minimally invasive procedures, and by surgical interventions. This book provides comprehensive insights into the field of urology. It will serve as a valuable source of reference for graduate and postgraduate students.

A stroke is a medical condition that occurs when the blood supply to the brain is disrupted, leading to a lack of oxygen and nutrients. It can have severe consequences and is considered a medical emergency. It can cause sudden neurological deficits, such as paralysis, difficulty speaking, and loss of coordination. The most common cause of a stroke is a blockage or narrowing of blood vessels supplying the brain, known as ischemic stroke. Another type of stroke is hemorrhagic stroke, which occurs when a blood vessel in the brain ruptures, leading to bleeding. Various factors can increase the risk of stroke, including high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, obesity, high cholesterol, atrial fibrillation, and a family history of strokes. This book contains some path-breaking studies on stroke. It will serve as a valuable source of reference for graduate and postgraduate students.

Urologic disorders encompass a wide range of conditions that affect the urinary system and the male reproductive organs. The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra, while the male reproductive organs include the testes, prostate gland and penis. A few of the common urologic disorders are kidney stones, urinary tract infections (UTIs), urinary incontinence, urinary retention, bladder and kidney cancers, prostate enlargement (benign prostatic hyperplasia), infertility, and sexually transmitted infections. Kidney stones are hard deposits that form in the kidneys and can cause severe pain when they pass through the urinary tract. UTIs occur when bacteria enter the urinary tract and cause infection. Its prominent symptoms are frequent urination, pain or burning during urination, and cloudy or bloody urine. This book brings forth some of the recent studies on the diagnosis and treatment of urological disorders. It will provide comprehensive knowledge to the readers.

Rheumatology is a medical specialty that focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of conditions affecting the musculoskeletal system, especially the conditions related to the joints, muscles, and connective tissues. Some of the rheumatic diseases which are treated within this field are inflammatory arthritis (such as rheumatoid arthritis), osteoarthritis, lupus, gout, fibromyalgia and vasculitis. These conditions can significantly impact a person's quality of life by causing pain, stiffness, swelling and limiting joint mobility. Treatment approaches in rheumatology may involve a combination of medications, lifestyle modifications, physical therapy and patient education. It also offers ongoing support and monitoring to optimize treatment outcomes and minimize the impact of rheumatic diseases on daily life. This book explores all the important aspects of rheumatology in the present day scenario. It will serve as a reference to a broad spectrum of readers.

Pediatrics is a branch of medicine that focuses on the medical care of infants, children, and adolescents. It addresses their unique physical, emotional and developmental needs. Pediatric care spans a wide range of medical services, including preventive care, routine check-ups, immunizations, diagnosis, and treatment of acute and chronic illnesses. Pediatrics also plays an important role in assessing and managing the physical and mental well-being of children, monitoring their growth and development, and providing guidance to parents or caregivers. The disorders and medical conditions which are treated within pediatrics range from common childhood illnesses like respiratory infections and ear infections to chronic conditions such as asthma, allergies, diabetes, and behavioral disorders. This book includes some of the vital pieces of works being conducted across the world, on various topics which fall under the umbrella of pediatrics. Those in search of information to further their knowledge will be greatly assisted by it.

Orthopedics refers to a medical specialty that focuses on the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of disorders and injuries related to the musculoskeletal system. The musculoskeletal system includes bones, joints, muscles, ligaments, tendons, and other connective tissues that provide structure, support and movement to the body. These include fractures, sprains, strains, dislocations, sports injuries, arthritis, spine disorders, deformities, and trauma-related injuries. Orthopedics utilizes both surgical and non-surgical methods to treat these conditions, depending on the specific needs of the patient. Prominent non-surgical treatments in orthopedics include physical therapy, medication management, immobilization with casts or braces, joint injections, and rehabilitation programs. Surgical interventions can range from minimally invasive procedures, such as arthroscopy, to major and complicated surgeries, such as joint replacements or spinal fusion. This book unravels the recent studies in the field of orthopedics. It will serve as a valuable source of reference for graduate and postgraduate students.

Orthodontics is a specialized branch of dentistry that focuses on dental and facial irregularities as well as their diagnosis, prevention and treatment. The goal of orthodontic treatment is to correct misaligned teeth and jaws, in order to improve oral function and aesthetics. Some of the prominent issues which are treated within this area of dentistry are crowded teeth, crooked teeth, overbites, underbites and gaps between teeth. Orthodontic treatment involves the use of various appliances to gently move teeth into their proper positions over time, using implements such as braces and aligners. By correcting dental and facial irregularities, orthodontic treatment improves chewing efficiency, speech, and self-confidence. It also facilitates better oral hygiene, reducing the risk of tooth decay, gum disease, and other dental problems. This book unfolds the innovative aspects of orthodontics which will be crucial for the progress of this field in the future. It will provide comprehensive knowledge to the readers.

Cancer is a disease characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells in the body. Oncology is an area of medicine that focuses on the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer. The field of oncology encompasses several subspecialties, such as surgical oncology, medical oncology and radiation oncology. Surgical oncology deals with surgical procedures to remove cancerous tumors and surrounding tissues, in order to eradicate the disease. Medical oncology focuses on the systemic treatment of cancer, utilizing chemotherapy, targeted therapies, immunotherapies and other medications to combat cancer cells throughout the body. Radiation oncology employs radiation therapy, using high-energy radiation to target and destroy cancer cells in specific areas. This book brings forth some of the most innovative concepts and elucidates the unexplored aspects of oncology. It is appropriate for students seeking detailed information in this area of medicine as well as for experts.

Oral and maxillofacial surgery is a specialized branch of dentistry that focuses on the diagnosis and surgical treatment of various medical conditions which affect the face, jaws, mouth and associated structures. There are a wide variety of medical procedures which are undertaken within this field such as dental extractions, dental implant placement, corrective jaw surgery, facial trauma reconstruction, treatment of facial infections, removal of tumors or cysts in the jaw or facial area, management of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders, and treatment of congenital facial deformities. Oral and maxillofacial surgery makes use of various diagnostic tools such as X-rays, CT scans, and 3D imaging to examine the condition and anatomy of the oral and facial structures. These help in planning and executing surgical procedures with precision and accuracy. This book provides comprehensive insights into the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery. It will serve as a valuable source of reference for graduate and postgraduate students.

Neurology is a specialized branch of medicine that focuses on the study, diagnosis and treatment of disorders and diseases affecting the nervous system. The nervous system is a complex network of cells, tissues and organs that coordinate and control the functions of the body. It consists of the central nervous system, which is made up of the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system, which comprises nerves and ganglia outside the brain and spinal cord. A few of the neurological conditions which are diagnosed and treated within this field include stroke, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, migraine and neuropathies. This book explores all the important aspects of neurology in the present day scenario. It will serve as a valuable source of reference for graduate and postgraduate students.

Obstetrics and gynecology is a medical specialty that focuses on the care of women's reproductive health. It deals with pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum care, while gynecology focuses on the health of the female reproductive system, including the uterus, ovaries, cervix, and vagina. Obstetrics is involved in providing comprehensive prenatal care to expectant mothers, monitor fetal development, and ensure the well-being of both the mother and the baby throughout the pregnancy. Gynecology focuses on the non-pregnancy-related aspects of women's health, encompassing issues such as reproductive health, menstrual disorders, contraception, menopause, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and gynecological cancers. Obstetrics and gynecology aim to promote women's health and addresses the unique medical and emotional needs of women throughout their reproductive years. This book contains some path-breaking studies in the field of obstetrics and gynecology. Those in search of information to further their knowledge will be greatly assisted by it.

The diseases which are caused by pathogenic microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites are known as infectious diseases. These diseases can invade the body and disrupt its normal functioning. Infectious diseases can range from common infections like the flu or a cold to more severe conditions such as tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, malaria, and hepatitis. The diagnosis of infectious diseases begins with a thorough medical history and physical examination. This includes a study of the patient's symptoms, duration of illness, recent travel history, exposure to sick individuals and any underlying medical conditions. Imaging studies, such as X-rays, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are used to determine the extent and severity of certain infectious diseases, particularly those affecting the lungs, bones, or central nervous system. This book includes some of the vital pieces of work being conducted across the world, on various topics related to infectious diseases. It will provide comprehensive knowledge to the readers.

Nephrology is a specialized branch of internal medicine that deals with the physiology, diagnosis, and treatment of kidney-related diseases. Kidneys are bean-shaped organs located on either side in the retroperitoneal space and are a part of the urinary system. They are responsible for filtering blood and removing the waste products, excess water and electrolytes from the body. Some of the various conditions and diseases that can affect the kidneys include kidney/bladder cancer, excess excretion of protein in urine, glomerular diseases, kidney/bladder stones, acute or chronic kidney failure, and nephritis. A few symptoms that are associated with kidney diseases include swelling in the legs and feet, unexplained blood pressure changes, gradual loss of sense of taste and appetite, problem sleeping at night, and reduced urine output. Apart from medications, advanced treatments available for kidney diseases include continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), plasmapheresis, liver dialysis (MARS therapy), peritoneal dialysis (CPD), kidney biopsy, and kidney transplant. In this book, using case studies, constant effort has been made to make the understanding of the difficult concepts of nephrology as easy and informative as possible, for the readers. It will provide comprehensive knowledge to the readers.

Hepatology is the branch of medicine that focuses on the study, diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders related to the liver, gallbladder, biliary tree and pancreas. The liver plays a crucial role in various metabolic processes and is responsible for producing bile, which helps in the breakdown and absorption of nutrients from food. Hepatology encompasses a wide range of liver-related medical conditions, such as viral hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, fatty liver disease, cirrhosis, liver cancer, autoimmune liver diseases, genetic liver diseases, and liver transplantation. Treatment options in hepatology depend on the specific liver condition and its severity. Lifestyle modifications, including dietary changes and abstaining from the consumption of alcohol are often suggested for patients with liver diseases such as fatty liver disease or alcoholic liver disease. Antiviral medications are used for the management of chronic viral hepatitis, while immunosuppressive drugs may be used to treat autoimmune liver diseases. This book unfolds the innovative aspects of hepatology which will be crucial for the progress of this field in the future. It will serve as a reference to a broad spectrum of readers.