Bøger udgivet af Anchor Academic Publishing

This book explores the application of Design Thinking in the automotive industry in order to explain which factors influence the innovativeness of Design Thinking teams. Seeking for innovation leadership, automotive manufacturers apply Design Thinking to enhance their competitiveness with customer-oriented products and services. Design Thinking is a multidisciplinary team-based methodology that adopts design principles to business management. In the literature and practice, however, it is not clear, what constitutes the relationship between the application of Design Thinking and team's innovativeness. A grounded theory and template analysis approach is used to develop a framework which explains this relationship. Managers and decision-makers of multinationals are provided with practical recommendations about how to implement Design Thinking to produce innovative products and services.

Adders are the basic building blocks of any processor or data path application. In adder design, carry generation is the critical path. To reduce the power consumption of the data path, we need to reduce the area of the adder. Carry Select Adder is one of the fast adders used in may data path applications. The proposed design is implemented without using multiplexer and RCA structure with Cin=1. Instead of using multiplexer and RCA Cin=1 structure, we use simple combinational circuit. After speed, power dissipation is one of the most important design objectives in integrated circuits. As adders are the most widely used components in such circuits, the design of efficient adder is of much concern for researchers. This book presents a performance analysis of different Fast Adders. The comparison is done on the basis of three performance parameters, i.e. Area, Speed and Power consumption. We also show a modified carry select adder designed at different stages.

This study was conducted to evaluate the dengue outbreaks pattern in spatial and temporal contexts and to identify the meteorological constraints behind the spread. The aim was to gain a complete picture of the scenario. The Lahore District was selected as the study area which was affected by mosquitoes to a great extent. Lahore is the second largest city of Pakistan with respect to ist population due to ist rapidly growing urbanization. The environmental factors affecting the spread of the disease have been identified and then mapped in a GIS based environment by using all the spatial and tabular data obtained from different sources. The factors affecting dengue spread were found to be Land Surface Temperature (LST), Land cover/Land use, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Temperature, Rainfall, and Population Density.

Socio-economic inequality is deeply rooted in Zimbabwe due to a number of factors. One of the main factors is the exclusion of socio-economic rights as justiciable under the now repealed Lancaster House Constitution (LHC). A plethora of excessive bureaucratic actions in a number of instances left many people stranded without the recourse to the law, particularly without protection by the Constitution. To correct this historic anomaly, the 2013 Constitution was enacted. The 2013 Constitution protects both civil and political rights and socio-economic rights in the same way as justiciable rights. This provides the highest degree of interdependence and interrelatedness of all rights in the domestic legal order. In order to ensure that socio-economic rights are effectively protected and enforced, this study identifies and discusses the framework for protecting socio-economic rights under the 2013 Constitution. Firstly, the specific rights protected under the Constitution and the obligations imposed by these rights are presented. Secondly, the role of the courts in the protection of socio-economic rights is discussed. Further, some of the major conceptual and practical challenges that are likely to arise in the adjudication of socio-economic rights are identified. In this regard, the study attempts to present solutions meant to overcome the conceptual and practical challenges that are faced in the enforcement of socio-economic rights. Furthermore, this study argues that strictly adopting one of the two models of review, namely either the reasonableness approach as adopted by South African courts or the minimum core approach as expounded by the United Nations Committee on Economic Social and Cultural Rights (CESCR), will inhibit the proper enforcement of the protected rights. Therefore, courts should consider adopting an integrated model that includes both approaches to ensure that socio-economic rights are effectively protected and realised.

Politeness is one of the very important issues in the field of sociolinguistics and pragmatics, as it can be seen in almost every type of our interactions. Since the evolving of the politeness theory (Brown and Levinson 1978), cross-cultural pragmatics has gained the attention of many researchers in this field. However, the Arab society has been far less investigated. Therefore, this book widens the scope of cross-cultural pragmatics by investigating politeness in (Moroccan) Arabic and contrasting the behavior of Arab and German speakers with regard to one type of politeness, namely the speech act of greeting. Furthermore, the implications of this study for foreign language teaching and cross-cultural training indicate that politeness and face concerns in different cultures should be part of any learning process. Hopefully, besides being informative, especially to scholars from other fields of intercultural communication research, this study should contribute to raise the awareness of sociolinguists in particular with respect to the role of religion in shaping politeness in Arabic and to serious confusion and misunderstandings that may come into being, when communicators from different cultural backgrounds cannot identify the pragmatic (implicit or indirect) meaning of their interlocutor's utterance.

Despite effective chemotherapy, fascioliasis remains a major public health problem in developing countries, with at least 17 million active infections, resulting in significant morbidity, late infection detection, and rapid reinfection after treatment. Therefore, alternative control strategies are mandatory. Proteases, myofibrillar proteins, are found only in invertebrates. In the present study, adult fresh Fasciola gigantica (F. gigantica) worms were homogenized; an antigen was purified and used to raise rabbit polyclonal antibodies (pAb). The purified pAb was then used in sandwich ELISA to detect Fasciola antigens in sera samples from a total 135 cattle.

The internet is a system of enormous technical and social complexity. It comprises a gigantic but almost invisible universe that includes thousands of networks, millions of computers, and billions of users around the world. The internet has widened its reach among people by taking them away from just using it for emails and chat rooms to giving them more alternative media tools to use from. It has given power to the masses to speak about their rights, share their views on particular topics or events, and showcase their abilities to the world. It also provides an opportunity to learn an endless amount of different things, viz. different languages, cuisines, arts, crafts, and much more. The internet can be whatever we make of it. We can shape and form it. But most importantly, we can use it to connect people, communities, and countries around the world. In 2014, India was the third-largest online market with more than 198 million internet users, ranked only behind China and the United States and declaring itself as a market not to be ignored on the global stage. Furthermore, men dominated internet usage with 61 percent, while only 39 percent of women used it. The average daily online usage in India amounted 5.1 hours. There are 345 million users in India, counted in January 2016. With the growing needs of humans, it has become a challenge for women to fulfill all their responsibilities and to perform all their roles at the same time. Therefore, their dependency on family members, helpers/maids, friends, neighbors, and the media has increased. Media here includes print (i.e. newspaper, magazine, tabloids), electronic (i.e. television, radio), and new media (i.e. internet and mobile technology). This study evaluates how the internet can help working women to perform their household responsibilities.

This study undertakes a critical assessment of the legal protection of foreign direct investments (FDI) in South Africa and Zimbabwe by determining their compliance with the international minimum standards, norms and/or best practices on the legal protection of FDI by host states. Firstly, the study argues that foreign investment is much needed in South Africa and Zimbabwe to improve economic growth and development, to create jobs, and to increase their competitiveness. However, these benefits are not accrued automatically but rather host states need to create an enabling environment to receive such benefits. Thus, host states need to put an investment scheme into operation to guarantee the legal protection of foreign investments. South Africa and Zimbabwe have at large crafted and implemented investment laws and related policies which tend to be hostile towards foreign investments. Therefore, similar investment laws and related policies in both jurisdictions are analysed. This study will also offer recommendations for a legal investment which is not only flexible, friendly, and favourable to foreign investment in South Africa and Zimbabwe but also advances their local economic policies.

The influence of insects on human life - destructive and beneficial - can be traced back to prehistoric days until now. Agricultural entomology concerns itself with the study of insects associated with various aspects of agriculture. It deals with the study of both beneficial and detrimental insects. Insects that are detrimental to agriculture are commonly known as insect pests. The bulk of agricultural entomology deals with the control of those. Insect pest control is now conducted through integrated pest management (IPM) principles that aim to be sustainable in the use of resources and environmentally friendly. IPM requires plenty of experience and knowledge and combines all available methods of control. Prevention is also an important component of IPM programs. In India, agriculture is the main occupation of the majority of people. The most important natural enemies of agricultural crops are insects, plant diseases, weeds and weather conditions. Out of this, insects are the greatest competitors of man in the struggle for existence. In the present topic the various kinds of pest will be studied in broad sense/view.

This book illustrates various components of Distributed Computing Environment and the importance of distributed scheduling using Dynamic Load Balancing. It describes load balancing algorithms for better resource utilization, increasing throughput and improving user's response time. Various theoretical concepts, experiments, and examples enable students to understand the process of load balancing in computing cluster and server cluster. The book is suitable for students of Advance Operating Systems, High Performance Computing, Distributed Computing in B.E., M.C.A., M. Tech. and Ph.D courses.

This study examines factors influencing homeownership amongst civil servants in Ibadan metropolis, Oyo State, Nigeria. For this purpose, it identifies the socio-economic characteristics of civil servants in Ibadan, investigates their housing preferences and identifies and examines factors affecting homeownership amongst them. This happens with a view to promote homeownership. The study uses self-administered questionnaires to obtain relevant data. A total number of 113 participants were used. This was generated by taking 15% of the staff capacity of each of the reviewed ministries in the Oyo State government secretariat, Ibadan, Oyo State. Out of this number, 95 valid participants were retrieved and used for the analysis, indicating a response rate of 84.07%. Data were analysed with the use of frequencies, percentages and weighted mean analysis.

The increased industrialization and motorization has led to a steep rise for the demand of petroleum products. Petroleum based fuels are obtained from limited reserves. It is estimated that the known crude oil reserves could be depleted in less than 50 years at the present rate of consumption. Hence, it is necessary to look for alternative fuels. An entire branch of biotechnology, referred to as "e;white biotechnology"e;, centers on the bio production of fuels and chemicals from renewable sources. About 90% of the current biofuel market is represented by biodiesel and bioethanol. Biodiesel is an efficient, non-toxic, biodegradable and clean burning fuel alternative to petroleum fuels which runs in unmodified diesel engines. This paper reviews approaches to microbial synthesis of biodiesel, focusing on the role of synthetic biology as an enabling technology in the design of optimal cell factories.

The growing importance of knowledge, research, innovation and evolving perspectives on expertise with the usage of Information Communication Technologies (ICT) are changing the sociology of knowledge in the globalized world. Universities are the major institutions involved in the production and dissemination of knowledge. This book looks at ICT for education initiatives taken up towards building a Knowledge Society as emphasized in national education policy regimes for encouraging knowledge generation, knowledge acquisition, knowledge diffusion and the exploitation of knowledge. The research examines the present practice of ICT adoption in an existing framework of University of Hyderabad (UOH) and Tezpur University (TZU) through intensive case study. The research attempts to analyze issues of knowledge, governance and access using ICT; the application of communication technologies in Higher Education Sector that helps in fulfilling the goal of a Knowledge Society; the communication process and strategies in the networking of higher education into a Knowledge Society; existing 'digital divide' and the implications. The Stakeholder's perspective further highlights the advantages and the challenges faced in the actual implementation of ICT4E. Based on the study, the research offers recommendations for management, human resources, processes and institutional culture in ICT4E implementation.

The present study was carried out for phytochemical screening and pharmacological investigations on methanolic extract of rhizomes of Hedychium coronarium (Local name: Dolan Champa, Family: Zingiberaceae). In this study, the possible analgesic and CNS (Central Nervous System) depressant activities of the methanolic rhizome extract of Hedychium coronarium were investigated at the doses of 100 mg/Kg, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/Kg body weight on mice by oral administration. The analgesic activities were investigated for their central and peripheral pharmacological actions using tail immersion testing and acetic acid-induced writhing testing respectively. Its CNS depressant activity was evaluated by using hole cross and open field tests and the cytotoxic activity was observed using brine shrimp lethality bioassay.

Nowadays, many companies should not only discuss about how to obtain profits from their products. They should also be forced to use any other aspect that has the ability to increase the impact for their long-term success. Examples are: discussing about the quality of their products, the relationship between them and their customers and employees, the production process as well as marketing. Those are the challenges for all managers who are not only struggling to achieve their company's targets - high profits - but also to achieve customers', employees' and stakeholders' satisfaction. Therefore, managers need to seek out an approach which is able to help them finishing their tasks and involves all the aspects mentioned. Nevertheless, it is not easy to reconcile conflicting demands of individual interest groups. The concept of the balanced scorecard (BSC) is one of the modern approaches to handle these challenges. The balanced scorecard is the main topic of this book. More precisely, it explains the benefits of introducing the indicators-based balanced scorecard as a strategic controlling instrument for implementation of a corporate strategy from four different perspectives: financial, customer, internal business process as well as learning and growth perspective.

The Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) composed of several nodes is used for different types of monitoring applications. The objective of deploying WSN is to observe a particular site for monitoring physical parameters like temperature, light, pressure, humidity or the occurrence of a phenomenon. The Sleep/Wake up scheduling for Wireless Sensor Networks has become an essential part of its working. In this book, the details of Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) which introduces the concept of clustering in sensor networks, Energy-Efficient Clustering routing algorithm based on Distance and Residual Energy for Wireless Sensor Networks (DECSA) which describes scheduling based on distance and energy, and the Energy efficient clustering algorithm for data aggregation (EECA) are discussed. The LECSA (Load and Energy Consumption based Scheduling Algorithm) are also discussed.

The prime purpose of this book is to educate readers for the development of a Digital Handwriting Interface (DHI) where the user can write with a digital pen. This book includes code in VC++.NET language. The developed DHI has been found very useful in many applications as sketch drawing, handwriting recognition research after inclusion of recognizer files and collection of digital handwriting. The reader will find this book useful as it includes the entire source code in chapter forms.

The wear resistance of PTFE can be significantly improved by addition of suitable filler materials. Besides the type, the shape and size of the materials added also influence the tribological properties. In the past, research in this area has been confined to the PTFE filled with conventional filler materials like glass fibers, graphite, carbon fibers, etc. However, with the growing demand for utilizing PTFE in a variety of applications, significant effort is needed towards developing the novel composite materials by adding one or more non-conventional filler materials possessing the potential of increasing the wear resistance. It is established that PTFE exhibits significantly low coefficient of friction when sliding against steels. The low coefficient of friction results from the ability of its extended chain linear molecules, - (CF2-CF2) n-, to form low shear strength films upon its surface and mating counter-faces during sliding. PTFE is extensively used for a wide variety of structural applications as in aerospace, automotive, earth moving, medical, electrical, electronics, computer and chemical industries. On account of its good combination of properties, these are used for producing a number of mechanical components such as gears, cams, wheels, brakes, clutches, bearings, gaskets, seals as well as wires, cables, textile fibers, electronic components, medical implants, surgical instruments etc.

In the research and analysis of how the future of rural banking in China will look like, the author chooses to adopt a pragmatic and policy-like approach towards the analysis of this issue. Current issues of the rural banking system are being discussed in depth, followed by a range of policy recommendations put forth that attempts to address these issues. It is the sincere wish of the author that the policies mentioned herein will be implemented for the benefit of the millions dependent on the rural banking system for their growth and livelihood.

Management plays a crucial role in day-to-day life. It is an inherent part of human life. Families in India have undergone vast changes over the years due to the rapid development of industries, educational achievements, the technological revolution and speedy communication. Each individual needs to be trained to fit himself in this changing environment by making the right decision at each moment of his or her life. In day-to-day life this is possible through the acquisition and application of knowledge of management.

This book on "e;Wild Animals Of India"e; has been written with a motive to provide information at a glance to the readers interested in wildlife. The animals chosen for the study were of greater interest because they have been declared endangered, critically endangered, vulnerable or priority species in the IUCN Red data book and most of the species are included as course material at undergraduate and post graduate levels in Indian Universities. Hence, this is an endeavour to create awareness among the student community on Wild Life Biology. Efforts have been made to acquaint the readers with geographical distribution, habit, habitat, reproductive behavior and conservation measures of the animals.

This book contains various applications of programmable logic controllers and SCADA designing of a plant. Nowadays, all human handled plants are being replaced by automatic control systems, thus called Automation. PLCs are accepted worldwide for easier access and better precision. In this book Rockwell PLCs are described and so is the SCADA design, which is also done by the RSView32 software, manufactured by Rockwell. It is one of the biggest names in the PLC software industry, being easy to use, control and modify. Some electrical drives, such as D.C drives and A.C drives, are also described in detail because the control part is done by the PLCs but the main plant is based on these electrical drives.

Gears are essential parts of many precision power transmitting machines such as automobiles. The major functions of a gearbox are to transform speed and torque in a given ratio and to change the axis of rotation. Planetary gears yield several advantages over conventional parallel shaft gear systems: They produce high speed reductions in compact spaces, a greater load sharing, a higher torque to weight ratio, diminished bearing loads, and reduced noise and vibration. They are used in automobiles, helicopters, aircraft engines, heavy machinery, and a variety of other applications. Despite their advantages, the noise induced by the vibration of planetary gear systems remains a key concern. Planetary gears have received considerably less research attention than single mesh gear pairs. There is a particular scarcity of analysis of two planetary gear systems and their dynamic response. Hence, this book focuses on the study of two PGTs with different phasing (angular positions) while every individual set remains unchanged.

This book comprises seven chapters. In chapter 1 an overview of chemistry, biological functions and literature studies of hydroxamic acids (HA) and its isosteres is presented. The principles of quantum mechanics underlying the computational methods employed to study HAs are given in brief. Chapter 2 describes intra- and intermolecular H-bonding interactions between formohydoxamic acid (FHA) and single water molecule and the dimerization among the isomeric forms. Chapter 3 involves the comparative study of H-bonding abilities of thioformohydoxamic acid (TFHA) and FHA. The deprotonation enthalpies of different sites of FHA and TFHA, probable pathways for interconversion among anions and their H-bonding with water are explored in chapter 4. The Effect of aqueous medium on deprotonation by using solvation methods is also discussed. Further insight into H-bonded aggregates and dimers of HAs is gained through the analysis of calculated stabilization energies and their comparison to similar H-bonded functionalities. The reasons behind the H-bond cooperativity in the aggregates and dimers are explored in chapter 5. Chapter 6 deals with the study of properties of formylphosphinous acid (FPA) isostere of FHA and a comparative study is carried out. In chapter 7, the aggregation of the most stable keto and enol conformer of FHA and TFHA with five amino acid side chain groups occurring at active sites of enzymes is studied.

This book on the topic of "e;Dynamic capabilities at International Business Machines (IBM)"e; starts with an introduction of the company IBM. In the second part the theoretical basis for dynamic capabilities is described. The third part explains the practical execution of the dynamic capabilities within IBM. Finally, this book draws a conclusion and gives a recommendation for future research.

The Constitution of India is a social document which contains various aspects of ideas of the Founding Fathers. The preambular promise of socio-economic justice has been incorporated by the Founding Fathers in various provisions of Part 3 and Part 4 of the Constitution which represents the Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles of State Policy respectively. This book contains the meaning, concept and development of Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles of State Policy. An attempt has been made in this book to present in a systematic manner the Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles of State Policy as embodied in the Constitution of India. The historical aspects of the subject have also been dealt with in a lucid and interesting manner. The changing dimensions of Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles of State Policy have also been dealt with in this book. Every point is explained with the help of new case law and articles of the Constitution.

MATLAB is a numeric computation software for engineering and scientific calculations. MATLAB is increasingly being used by students, researchers, practicing engineers and technicians. The causes of MATLAB popularity are legion. Among them are its iterative mode of operation, built-in functions, simple programming, rich set of graphing facilities, possibilities for writing additional functions, and its extensive toolboxes. This book explains everything you need to know to begin using MATLAB to do all these things and more. Intermediate and advanced users will find useful information here, especially if they are making the switch to MATLAB 7 from an earlier version. The book is divided into five parts: Introduction to MATLAB, Calculation and graphs, Programming in MATLAB, Simulation with MATLAB, and Circuit analysis applications using MATLAB.

The development of art theory over the course of the Renaissance and Baroque eras is reflected in major stylistic shifts. In order to elucidate the relationship between theory and practice, we must consider the wider connections between art theory, poetic theory, natural philosophy, and related epistemological matrices. Investigating the interdisciplinary reality of framing art-making and interpretation, this treatment rejects the dominant synchronic approach to history and historiography and seeks to present anew a narrative that ties together various formal approaches, focusing on stylistic transformation in particular artist's oeuvres - Michelangelo, Annibale Carracci, Guercino, Guido Reni, Poussin, and others - and the contemporary environments that facilitated them. Through the dual understanding of the art-theoretical concept of the Idea, an evolution will be revealed that illustrates the embittered battles over style and the overarching intellectual shifts in the period between art production and conceptualization based on Aristotelian and Platonic notions of creativity, beauty and the goal of art as an exercise in encapsulating the "e;divine"e; truth of nature.

All stages are important in a person's life, whether it is infancy, childhood, adolescence or adulthood, but arguably the most sensitive stage is adolescence; which starts at around 13 and ends at approximately 19 years. It is the stage when the urge of life reaches its highest peak. Accidents, Natural death and conflicts are creating generations of orphaned children. In addition the loss of a parent, orphaned children may face many hardships during their adolescence including decline in health, nutrition and psychological wellbeing. The number of children estimated to be orphaned due to all causes is estimated to be between 143 million and 210 million (UNICEF, 2012). Children and adolescents in particular are at increased risk for unresolved or complicated bereavement because of their development, vulnerability and emotional dependency. The purpose of the present investigation was to examine the differences in self-concept, mental health and academic achievement of orphan and non-orphan adolescents. The study adds to the existing literature and will become a guideline for researchers, educators, administrators and counselors to guide the students in a proper way and to frame the suitable educational environment where the adolescents can be accommodated and their self-concept, mental health and academic achievement may improve.

This study reports the air pollution vulnerability mapping of Lahore city and provides information about the vulnerability levels of air pollutants at various places of Lahore. The air quality monitoring activities have been carried out at five places of Lahore and each location is monitored for six air pollutants which are carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, hydrogen sulphide, ammonia and chlorine by a reagent absorption method. The sources and concentrations have been discussed. The data obtained from sampling at various commercial and residential sites is compared against the past year data and the comparison graphs are plotted to show the trend of these air pollutant. The spatial patterns of monthly mean precipitation and monthly mean temperature have been studied. A public survey has been conducted that shows the public awareness in regard to basic information regarding air pollution. In the end some conclusions and recommendations are given for the purpose to maintain a healthy environment for our citizens, support the strategies, to maintain energy independence and promote an effective role in formulating the environmental policies.