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This report examines the causes of low productivity growth in Kazakhstan by combining an analysis of firm-level data and multiple policy drivers. It is the first work to analyze the micro-foundations of the total factor productivity in Kazakhstan and elaborating specific recommendations for boosting aggregate productivity growth.

Using data on health conditions and exposure to air pollution at the individual level from Bangladesh, this book establishes a positive association between air pollution and health risks, including mental health issues and recommends policy options for better adaptation.

This sourcebook compiles analytical work that has been cultivated over the past several years by the World Bank and partner organizations of Libya. Utilizing several analytical techniques, the book makes a unique contribution to the discussion on Libya's medium- to long-term challenges.

Social deprivations coincide with vast deforestation in Brazil's Legal Amazon, or Amazônia. Poverty reduction and sustainable development require renewed efforts to protect the region's exceptional natural wealth, coupled with a shift from an extractive to a productivity-oriented growth model.

'In this courseware, you will not only "learn the ropes" about a very efficient and light methodology, you will also be exposed to a positive philosophy of good project management practice, focused on delivering value to citizens, following sustainable principles and ethics.

This publication is the specification of The Open Group IT4IT Standard, Version 3.0, a standard of The Open Group. It describes a reference architecture that can be used to manage the business of Information Technology (IT) and the associated end-to-end lifecycle management of Digital Products.

Key indicators on trade in goods and services for 196 economies, highlighting the major exports and imports for each economy as well as their main trading partners. Trade Profiles 2022 provides a series of key indicators on trade in goods and services for 196 economies, highlighting the major exports and imports for each economy as well as their main trading partners. For each profile, the data is presented in a handy two-page format, providing a concise overview of global trade. For merchandise trade, exports and imports are broken down by main commodity groups and by major trading partners. Top exports and imports are listed for agricultural products and non-agricultural products. For trade in commercial services, data is provided for transport, travel, other commercial services and goods-related services. Statistics on intellectual property are also provided.

The 2022 Annual Report provides a comprehensive account of the WTO's activities in 2021 and early 2022. The Report begins with a message from WTO Director-General Roberto Azevêdo and a brief overview of the past year. This is followed by in-depth accounts of the WTO's main areas of activity over the past 12 months. Spotlights highlight major WTO events and activities.

Global value chains (GVCs) are evolving in light of technological developments, such as robotics, big data and the Internet of Things. These technologies are reshaping GVCs and effecting changes on labor markets in developed and developing economies and on supply chain management. This report discusses how technological developments are creating new opportunities for the participation of small and medium-sized enterprises in global value chains and reviews issues related to GVC measurement. The report is a follow-up to the first Global Value Chain Development Report, which revealed the changing nature of international trade when analyzed in terms of value chains and value-added trade. This report is co-published by the World Trade Organization, the Institute of Developing Economies (IDE-JETRO), the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, the Research Center of Global Value Chains headquartered at the University of International Business and Economics (RCGVC-UIBE), the World Bank Group, and the China Development Research Foundation.

'This document is a compilation of TOGAF Series Guides addressing Business Architecture. It has been developed and approved by The Open Group and is part of the TOGAF Standard, 10th Edition.

UNCTAD set up the eT Ready Implementation Support Mechanism (ISM) in 2020 with a view to supporting beneficiary countries' implementation of eTrade Readiness Assessments. Through the ISM implementation reviews are regularly conducted, to build in-country capacities for effective implementation, based on the principles of country ownership, inclusivity, and results-based management. The Implementation Review done in 2020 was the first of its kind and allowed to capture the progress made by 13 eT Ready beneficiary countries. It formed the basis of further capacity building, knowledge sharing and stakeholder engagement activities that have helped to raise the profile of e-commerce in national and regional development agendas. The 2nd Implementation Review (IR) was done in 2021 with an improved methodology, building on the lessons learned and feedback received by the different stakeholders involved in the first implementation review process. It highlights 140 new achievements from 14 countries that have participated in the 2nd IR, gathered through an in-depth review of the data collected from in-country stakeholders by the eT Ready Focal Points, in collaboration with a wide range of stakeholders from line ministries, regulatory agencies and private sector entities. The 2nd IR was completed in early 2022 with the publication of this report.

'Dit boek beschrijft de methode CATS RVM, waarin middels realisatie- en verificatiemanagement de relatie wordt gelegd tussen contractmanagement en project- en servicemanagement. De methode CATS RVM is toe te passen binnen publieke en private organisaties, bij opdrachtgevers en leveranciers.

International cooperation on public health is inherently multi dimensional, with a focus on building effective health Towards this goal, the World Health Organization (WHO), the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)

This joint report is a follow-up to "The Role of Trade in Ending Poverty" co-published by the WTO and the World Bank in 2015.

his publication looks at how the UN's Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the WTO provide a framework to facilitate trade on the basis of internationally agreed food standards

One-Page Case Summaries provides a succinct summary of the key findings of every dispute panel report up to the end of 2016 and, where applicable, the subsequent Appellate Body report. Each one-page summary comprises three sections: the core facts; the key findings contained in the reports; and, where relevant, other matters of particular significance. The disputes are presented in chronological order (by dispute settlement number). Two indexes at the end of the publication list the disputes by WTO agreement and by WTO member responding to the complaint.

The latest trade data from the WTO is now available in one complete package. The boxed set brings together: - Statistical Review of International Trade 2017 - World Tariff Profiles 2017 - Trade Profiles 2017 ,

The book describes the WTOs achievements across a number of key areas, including: strengthening the institutional foundations of the trade system; widening its membership and increasing participation; deepening trade integration through lower barriers and stronger rules; improving transparency and policy dialogue; strengthening dispute settlement; expanding cooperation with other international organizations; and enhancing public outreach. It concludes that the WTO has achieved much over its first 20 years but the success of the WTO has inevitably given rise to new challenges.

Trade will have an important role at the global level in generating the growth necessary for reducing extreme poverty to 3 percent and boosting prosperity for the poorest 40 percent by 2030. To identify the most important challenges that exist in maximizing the positive impact of trade on poverty, we need to understand who the poor are, where they are, and what economic activities they undertake. To this end, the study highlights particularly relevant dimensions of poverty: rural poverty in remote areas, informality, fragile and conflict situations, and women. For each of these issues, this study considers the main traderelated barriers and challenges, along with policy responses to address them. It shows the importance of the multilateral trading system and of the Doha Round, as well as the important role of the WBG and WTO in promoting coherence and implementing trade policies in a way that delivers the greatest possible benefits for the poor.

In recent decades, the global economy has experienced a profound transformation due to trade integration and technological progress as well as important political changes.

Twenty Years of the World Trade Organization provides a visual account of the first two decades of the multilateral trading system.

Global value chains (GVCs) have been a feature of the international economic architecture for many years, but scholarly interest in the phenomenon is more recent. Today that interest is intense, emanating from an array of academic disciplines as well as from the policy world. The literature that attempts to understand and explain GVCs is vast, multidisciplinary and no less complex than the phenomenon itself. This volume, jointly produced by the Fung Global Institute and the World Trade Organization, is an attempt to capture the core features and themes of the exploding literature on GVCs.Contents Part I. Supply Chain Perspectives 1. Supply chains in the economics literature2. Supply chains in the business literaturePart II. Supply Chain Issues 3. Supply chains and offshoring4. Supply chains, upgrading and development5. Supply chains and risk6. Supply chains and SMEs7. Supply chains and services8. Supply chains and trade in value-added9. Supply chains and business models10. Supply chains and sustainability11. Supply chains and trade policy12. Supply chains and trade finance

Developing countries and emerging economies face a number of constraints in connecting to global markets. In this volume, members of the WTO's academic network in developing countries-the WTO Chairs Programme-identify major challenges in their respective countries and suggest ways to overcome them. The book is focuses on export diversification, the role of non-tariff measures, the rule of law in connecting to global markets, and the role of the Aid for Trade initiative in building trade capacity and overcoming supply side constraints. It provides powerful arguments in support of using trade policy instruments as an engine for growth and valuable insights into how developing countries can integrate into the multilateral trading system.

Monitoring the trade policies and practices of members is a fundamentally important activity of the World Trade Organization. All WTO members are reviewed at regular intervals, according to their share of world trade. Each Trade Policy Review consists of three parts: a report by the government under review, a report written independently by the WTO Secretariat, and the concluding remarks by the chair of the Trade Policy Review Body. A highlights section provides an overview of key trade facts.

This joint OECD-WTO publication provides a comprehensive analysis of trends and developments in aid that aims to help developing countries integrate into the global economy and benefit from trade opportunities. Over 260 case stories and 140 self-assessments by partner countries and bilateral and multilateral donor agencies provide the basis for this analysis.Copublished with the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development

The COVID-19 pandemic and the prospect of increasingly frequent and more intense natural and man-made disasters raise important questions about the resilience of the global economy to such shocks. The World Trade Report 2022 explores the basic, binary assumption driving much of the current debate about economic resilience, namely the inherent trade-off between global trade interdependence and national economic security, and suggests that this can be a false dilemma. Due to its interconnected nature, international trade can increase an economy's exposure to risks and contribute to the transmission of shockwaves. At the same time, it can bolster economic resilience, particularly when backed by domestic policies and effective global cooperation. As a driver of economic growth, trade can generate the resources and knowledge needed to prepare for crises. It can also help countries recover by facilitating the provision of goods and services needed to cope with a crisis. Policies aimed at increasing economic resilience by re-shoring production and unwinding trade integration ultimately reduce economic resilience. Conversely, trade diversification can contribute to economic resilience by allowing countries to be less dependent on a limited number of importers, exporters and sectors. The World Trade Report 2022 shows that a more open, inclusive and predictable trade environment is needed to promote diversification and contribute to economic resilience. The WTO already plays a key role in making economies more resilient by promoting lower trade barriers and greater transparency in trade policies. Further international cooperation at the WTO can strengthen the mutual supportiveness of trade openness and economic resilience so that the world is better prepared to deal with future crises.

The 2022 edition provides comprehensive information on the tariffs and non-tariff measures imposed by over 170 countries and customs territories. It is a joint publication of the WTO, the International Trade Centre (ITC) and the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). Tariff data are presented in comparative tables indicating, among other things, the average "bound" or maximum tariff each economy may apply to its imports and the average tariff it applies in practice. A one-page profile for each economy provides more detailed data, with tariffs broken down by product groups and trading partners. A summary table providing selected indicators on the imports and exports for each country and customs territory is also included. In addition, the publication provides statistics on non-tariff measures, such as safeguards and anti-dumping measures, used by WTO members. The special topic for this edition deals with estimating analytical indicators related to non-tariff measures using UNCTAD TRAINS data.

Leveraging Export Diversification in Fragile Countries