Bøger udgivet af Birkhauser Boston

This text is appropriate for a one-semester course in what is usually called ad- vanced calculus of several variables. The approach taken here extends elementary results about derivatives and integrals of single-variable functions to functions in several-variable Euclidean space. The elementary material in the single- and several-variable case leads naturally to significant advanced theorems about func- tions of multiple variables. In the first three chapters, differentiability and derivatives are defined; prop- erties of derivatives reducible to the scalar, real-valued case are discussed; and two results from the vector case, important to the theoretical development of curves and surfaces, are presented. The next three chapters proceed analogously through the development of integration theory. Integrals and integrability are de- fined; properties of integrals of scalar functions are discussed; and results about scalar integrals of vector functions are presented. The development of these lat- ter theorems, the vector-field theorems, brings together a number of results from other chapters and emphasizes the physical applications of the theory.

The overall scope of this new series will be to evolve an understanding of the genetic basis of (1) how early mesoderm commits to cells of a heart lineage that progressively and irreversibly assemble into a segmented, primary heart tube that can be remodeled into a four-chambered organ, and (2) how blood vessels are derived and assembled both in the heart and in the body. Our central aim is to establish a four-dimensional, spatiotemporal foundation for the heart and blood vessels that can be genetically dissected for function and mechanism. Since Robert DeHaan's seminal chapter "e;Morphogenesis of the Vertebrate Heart"e; published in Organogenesis (Holt Rinehart & Winston, NY) in 1965, there have been surprisingly few books devoted to the subject of cardiovascular mor- phogenesis, despite the enormous growth of interest that occurred nationally and internationally. Most writings on the subject have been scholarly compilations of the proceedings of major national or international symposia or multiauthored volumes, often without a specific theme. What is missing are the unifying concepts that can make sense out of a burgeoning database of facts. The Editorial Board of this new series believes the time has come for a book series dedicated to cardio- vascular morphogenesis that will serve not only as an important archival and didac- tic reference source for those who have recently come into the field but also as a guide to the evolution of afield that is clearly coming of age.

The 'Formation of the Heart and its Regulation' reviews in considerable detail the major events in heart development and their control via genes, cell-cell interactions, growth factors and other contributing elements. In addition, there is an extensive and useful overview of the field of heart development taken as a whole. The book appeals to all students and researchers working on cardiovascular development and to pediatric cardiologists.

The analysis, processing, evolution, optimization and/or regulation, and control of shapes and images appear naturally in engineering (shape optimization, image processing, visual control), numerical analysis (interval analysis), physics (front propagation), biological morphogenesis, population dynamics (migrations), and dynamic economic theory.   These problems are currently studied with tools forged out of differential geometry and functional analysis, thus requiring shapes and images to be smooth.  However, shapes and images are basically sets, most often not smooth.  J.-P. Aubin thus constructs another vision, where shapes and images are just any compact set.  Hence their evolution -- which requires a kind of differential calculus -- must be studied in the metric space of compact subsets.  Despite the loss of linearity, one can transfer most of the basic results of differential calculus and differential equations in vector spaces to mutational calculus and mutational equations in any mutational space, including naturally the space of nonempty compact subsets.   "e;Mutational and Morphological Analysis"e; offers a structure that embraces and integrates the various approaches, including shape optimization and mathematical morphology.   Scientists and graduate students will find here other powerful mathematical tools for studying problems dealing with shapes and images arising in so many fields.

The present monograph is dedicated to a new branch of the theory of climate, which is titled by the authors, "e;Mathematical Theory of Climate. "e; The foundation of this branch is the investigation of climate models by the methods of the qUalitative theory of differential equa- tions. In the Russian edition the book was named "e;Fundamentals of the Mathematical Theory of Climate. "e; Respecting the recommenda- tions of Wayne Yuhasz (we are truly grateful to him for this advice), we named the English edition of the book "e;Mathematics of Climate Modelling. "e; This title appears to be more appropriate, since the con- structive results of the theory are at present preliminary and have not been fully tested with experiments in climate modelling. This branch of science is yet developing and its practical results will be obtained only in the near future. Nevertheless, we want to keep the terminology which we have used in the introduction to the Russian edition of the book, since the authors hope that this term will be accepted by the scientific community for identification of a given branch of climate theory. On preparing the English edition, new ideas were established con- necting some significant new research results obtained by the author. We are deeply grateful to G. Marchuk for continual encourage- ment of this scientific enterprise and fruitful discussions, to our young colleagues A. Gorelov, E. Kazantsev, A. Gritsun, and A.

tion of fields as a product of coordinate-dependent and time-dependent factors. The temporal variations of both media and fields are given by Fourier expansions. The successes of radiotechnique provided fertile ground for the dominance of sinusoidal waves in wave physics. This approach proved to be a powerful the- oretical tool, since researchers were dealing with long trains of slowly varying quasi-monochromatic waves. However, the success of this concept and the stan- dardizability of related designs engendered a peculiar psychological hypnosis of Fourier electromagnetics, which took over as a model for wave phenomena in such cross-discipIlnary areas of physics as optics and acoustics. Yet in providing a description of alternating fields, the presentation of such fields in terms of traveling waves with frequency wand wave number k is not a law of nature. One can see that such a presentation is not even a logical corollary of Maxwell's equations. What is more, this approach has become inadequate today for the analysis of fields excited by ultrashort transients in continuous media.

The topic of this book is the theory of state spaces of operator algebras and their geometry. The states are of interest because they determine representations of the algebra, and its algebraic structure is in an intriguing and fascinating fashion encoded in the geometry of the state space. From the beginning the theory of operator algebras was motivated by applications to physics, but recently it has found unexpected new applica- tions to various fields of pure mathematics, like foliations and knot theory, and (in the Jordan algebra case) also to Banach manifolds and infinite di- mensional holomorphy. This makes it a relevant field of study for readers with diverse backgrounds and interests. Therefore this book is not intended solely for specialists in operator algebras, but also for graduate students and mathematicians in other fields who want to learn the subject. We assume that the reader starts out with only the basic knowledge taught in standard graduate courses in real and complex variables, measure theory and functional analysis. We have given complete proofs of basic results on operator algebras, so that no previous knowledge in this field is needed. For discussion of some topics, more advanced prerequisites are needed. Here we have included all necessary definitions and statements of results, but in some cases proofs are referred to standard texts. In those cases we have tried to give references to material that can be read and understood easily in the context of our book.

This volume is an outgrowth of the 1995 Summer School on Theoretical Physics of the Canadian Association of Physicists (CAP), held in Banff, Alberta, in the Canadian Rockies, from July 30 to August 12,1995. The chapters, based on lectures given at the School, are designed to be tutorial in nature, and many include exercises to assist the learning process. Most lecturers gave three or four fifty-minute lectures aimed at relative novices in the field. More emphasis is therefore placed on pedagogy and establishing comprehension than on erudition and superior scholarship. Of course, new and exciting results are presented in applications of Clifford algebras, but in a coherent and user-friendly way to the nonspecialist. The subject area of the volume is Clifford algebra and its applications. Through the geometric language of the Clifford-algebra approach, many concepts in physics are clarified, united, and extended in new and sometimes surprising directions. In particular, the approach eliminates the formal gaps that traditionally separate clas- sical, quantum, and relativistic physics. It thereby makes the study of physics more efficient and the research more penetrating, and it suggests resolutions to a major physics problem of the twentieth century, namely how to unite quantum theory and gravity. The term "e;geometric algebra"e; was used by Clifford himself, and David Hestenes has suggested its use in order to emphasize its wide applicability, and b& cause the developments by Clifford were themselves based heavily on previous work by Grassmann, Hamilton, Rodrigues, Gauss, and others.

The theory of dynamic games is very rich in nature and very much alive! If the reader does not already agree with this statement, I hope he/she will surely do so after having consulted the contents of the current volume. The activities which fall under the heading of 'dynamic games' cannot easily be put into one scientific discipline. On the theoretical side one deals with differential games, difference games (the underlying models are described by differential, respec- tively difference equations) and games based on Markov chains, with determin- istic and stochastic games, zero-sum and nonzero-sum games, two-player and many-player games - all under various forms of equilibria. On the practical side, one sees applications to economics (stimulated by the recent Nobel prize for economics which went to three prominent scientists in game theory), biology, management science, and engineering. The contents of this volume are primarily based on selected presentations made at the Sixth International Symposium on Dynamic Games and Applica- tions, held in St Jovite, Quebec, Canada, 13-15 July 1994. Every paper that appears in this volume has passed through a stringent reviewing process, as is the case with publications for archival technical journals. This conference, as well as its predecessor which was held in Grimentz, 1992, took place under the auspices of the International Society of Dynamic Games (ISDG), established in 1990. One of the activities of the ISDG is the publication of these Annals. The contributions in this volume have been grouped around five themes.

Modern software tools like Maple have the potential to alter radically the way mathematics is taught, learned, and done. Bringing such tools into the classroom during lectures, assignments, and examinations means that new ways oflooking at mathematics can becomepermanent fixtures ofthe curriculum. It is universal access that will make a software-based approach to mathematics become the norm. In 1988, with NSF funding under an III grant, I had the opportunity to bring Maple into the calculus classroom at Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology. Since then a new curriculum based on the availability ofcomputer algebra systems has evolved at RHIT and in my own courses. This volume contains a record of some of the insights gained into pedagogy using Maple in calculus. The activities and ideas captured in these Maple worksheets reflect concepts in calculus imple- mented in Maple. There is an overt message to the reader that carries with it a side effect. However, it is possible that for one reader the side effect is the message and the message is the side effect! I had intended to put before my audience examples extracted from my Maple based curriculum to entice a wider acceptance ofthe benefits of making a computer algebra system become the basis of a revised calculus syllabus. By examples I had hoped to demonstrate the "e;rightness"e; of using software tools for teaching and learning calculus.

In a broad sense design science is the grammar of a language of images rather than of words. Modem communication techniques enable us to transmit and reconstitute images without needing to know a specific verbal sequence language such as the Morse code or Hungarian. Inter- national traffic signs use international image symbols which are not An image language differs specific to any particular verbal language. from a verbal one in that the latter uses a linear string of symbols, whereas the former is multidimensional. Architectural renderings commonly show projections onto three mutually perpendicular planes, or consist of cross sections at different altitudes capable of being stacked and representing different floor plans. Such renderings make it difficult to imagine buildings compris- ing ramps and other features which disguise the separation between and consequently limit the creative process of the architect. floors, Analogously, we tend to analyze natural structures as if nature had used similar stacked renderings, rather than, for instance, a system of packed spheres, with the result that we fail to perceive the system of organization determining the form of such structures.

'MathPhys Odyssey 2001' will serve as an excellent reference text for mathematical physicists and graduate students in a number of areas.; Kashiwara/Miwa have a good track record with both SV and Birkhauser.