Bøger udgivet af Callisto Reference

Marine ecosystems are ecosystems found in the oceans and seas. This book on marine ecosystems studies new research trends with regard to this field. The marine ecosystem is the largest ecosystem of the planet and can be sub-classified into rocky shores, submarine canyons, cold seeps, etc. Research and study into the composition of ecosystems and their processes plays a key role in conservation and in upholding biodiversity on Earth. With state-of-the-art inputs by acclaimed experts of this field, this book targets students and professionals. For someone with an interest and eye for detail, this book covers the most significant topics in the field of marine ecosystems.

Air pollution is the existence of harmful substances that are found in the air. It causes a number of diseases and allergies which can in some cases cause death. There are various factors that are responsible for releasing pollutants into the atmosphere. The two sources of air pollution are natural sources such as dust, smoke and anthropogenic sources such as motor vehicles, smoke from power plants, etc. Different approaches, evaluations, methodologies and advanced studies on air pollution, its monitoring and control have been included in this text. For someone with an interest and eye for detail, this book covers the most significant topics in the field of air pollution.

Biodiversity studies the variety of life on Earth. It is vital for the survival of humans. The interaction of the organisms among themselves and with their environment is referred to as ecology. Their conservation is of utmost importance as it is impossible to sustain life without ecology or biodiversity. This book studies, analyses and upholds the pillars of biodiversity, ecology and conservation and its utmost significance in modern times. It includes some of the vital pieces of work being conducted across the world, on various topics related to these areas of study. In this book, using case studies and examples, constant effort has been made to make the understanding of concepts of conservation as easy and informative as possible, for the readers.

Biodiversity is defined as the variety of flora and fauna that is present on the Earth. The distribution of distinct species is more in the tropical regions as compared to the polar regions. Conservation of species is primarily carried out through national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, zoological parks, forest reserves, etc. Biodiversity hotspots are areas that contain a large variety of flora and fauna and have been earmarked for conservation. Such selected concepts that redefine biodiversity have been presented in this book. This book, with its detailed analyses and data, will prove immensely beneficial to professionals and students involved in this area at various levels.

Climate science helps in understanding the climate of our planet. Understanding the climate helps in forecasting the weather by using techniques such as the Madden-Julian oscillation, the Northern Annular Mode, El Niño-Southern Oscillation, etc. Climatology also helps in understanding the impact of human activities on the atmosphere and the climate. The various sub-fields of climate science along with technological progress that have future implications are glanced at in this book. It is an essential guide for both academicians and those who wish to pursue this discipline further.

The procedures and processes aimed at protecting the environment from the damage done by humans fall under the subject of environmental protection. With an increase in population as well as land use, ecological processes become slower and delayed, and hence preserving our ecosystem has become a necessity. The book delves into the subject of environmental protection and sustainable ecological development. It is meant for students who are looking for an elaborate reference text on environmental protection. It will also prove beneficial for environmentalists, ecologists, conservationists and anyone else associated with this field.

Modern evolutionary biology studies evolution by using technological advancements from fields like computer science and molecular genetics. Comprehensive insights in this field are applied in related areas of interest such as population dynamics, evolutionary developmental biology and genomic phylostratigraphy. Topics in this book comprehensively cover the processes, patterns and mechanisms of evolution. Different approaches, evaluations, methodologies and advanced studies on the dynamics of evolutionary principles have been included in this book. It aims to serve as a resource guide for students and experts alike and contribute to the growth of the discipline.

Global warming is a growing concern in our times. Some human activities have adversely affected the ecology of our planet. The changes in climate that have been observed are rising sea levels, changing precipitation patterns, global warming, etc. The changes can also result in the occurrence of natural hazards. This book presents the complex subject of climate crisis in the most comprehensible and easy to understand language. It includes contributions of experts and scientists which will provide innovative insights into this field.

Parasitology studies parasites, their interaction with each other and with hosts. This book on parasitology presents researches and studies performed by experts from across the globe. Parasites are unwanted organisms that cause and spread diseases and infections. Parasitology can be further divided into sub-disciplines such as medical parasitology, parasite ecology, veterinary parasitology, etc. This book, with its detailed analyses and data, will prove immensely beneficial to professionals and students involved in this area at various levels. Coherent flow of topics, student-friendly language and extensive use of examples make this book an invaluable source of knowledge. This book will be of great help to students and academicians in the fields of immunology, vector biology and biochemistry.

Genetic engineering has been studied for a number of years for understanding the formation of cells and cell structures as well as the processes involved in evolution. The scientific advancements in the field of genetic engineering and biotechnology have resulted in the manipulation of genes of organisms as well as plants to enhance their traits for commercial purposes. Protein expression and DNA sequencing are key topics of research in this field. This book on genetic engineering and biotechnology discusses the theories and practices related to genes and genetic modification. While understanding the long-term perspectives of the topics, the book makes an effort in highlighting their impact as a modern tool for the growth of the discipline. This book is an essential guide for both academicians and those who wish to pursue this discipline further.

Cell biology discusses the structure and composition cells. DNA damage and replication, cell division and the cell cycle are some of the significant aspects studied under this field. It involves a microscopic as well as molecular study of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. It is an important field which facilitates advancements of related branches like biochemistry, evolution, genetics, nanotechnology, etc. This book explores all the important aspects of cell biology in the present day scenario. It will serve as a valuable source of reference for graduate and post-graduate students.

Bioengineering is the application of engineering principles to biological systems. It includes elements of chemistry, computer science, and biology. It studies advanced functions of organisms to build biotechnology. The main aspect of bioengineering is its use in treating diseases and the cost effective solution it offers in human bioengineering. This book contains some path-breaking studies in the field of bioengineering. It is a collective contribution of a renowned group of international experts. A number of latest researches have been included to keep the readers up-to-date with the global concepts in this area of study.

The study of microorganisms, their interaction with each other, their environment and their hosts is known as microbiology. Research in this field deals with unicellular, multicellular and acellular organisms, such as bacteria, fungi, protozoa and viruses. It further branches out into sub-fields like parasitology, virology, etc. Microbiology, as a field, contributes to the advancements in the fields of biochemistry, genetic engineering and medical microbiology. It also plays a significant role in the food industry. This book is a compilation of chapters that discuss the most vital concepts and emerging trends in the field of microbiology. Coherent flow of topics, student-friendly language and extensive use of examples make this book an invaluable source of knowledge.

Fertilizers are materials that are applied to the soil for the necessary growth of plants. They can either be natural or synthetic in nature. They are mainly used for the enhancement of soil fertility and are classified into single nutrient fertilizers, multinutrient fertilizers and micronutrients. Most of the topics introduced in this book cover new techniques and the applications of fertilizers. It includes contributions of experts and scientists which will provide innovative insights into this field. Students, researchers, experts and all associated with soil science and botany will benefit alike from this book.

A fishery is the business of raising fish for profit. This book on fisheries concentrates on techniques that promote sustainable amounts of fish harvesting. Some of the globally harvested species include salmon, tuna, shrimp, cod, crab, etc. Fisheries management requires concepts and techniques from fields like oceanography, marine biology, wildlife conservation, etc. Fish stocks are monitored and controlled through population dynamics. Through this book, we attempt to further enlighten the readers about the new concepts in this field. With state-of-the-art inputs by acclaimed experts of this field, this book targets students and professionals.

Diseases are a common occurrence in plants, which results in a significant impact on their yield. Managing these diseases is an essential component in the production of crops. Fungicides are chemicals that are used to kill fungi. They are mainly required in order to stop the damage that can be caused by fungi resulting in the loss of yield in agriculture. Most of the topics introduced in this book cover new applications of fungicides. While understanding the long-term perspectives of the topics, the book makes an effort in highlighting their impact as a modern tool for the growth of the discipline. Those in search of information to further their knowledge in this field will be greatly assisted by this book.

Horticulture is the study of plant production techniques that are aimed at intensive cultivation, high-yielding variety crops and plant propagation. Plant breeding concentrates on the growing of plants that have favorable characteristics for longevity and improved yields. Horticulture and plant breeding are important sectors of the food industry. Modern plant breeding creates transgenic plants through genetic modification. High standards are kept in selecting the right species for genetic modification. This book includes some of the vital pieces of work being conducted across the world, on various topics related to plant breeding and horticulture. The various studies that are constantly contributing towards advancing technologies and evolution of this field are examined in detail. Students, researchers, experts and all associated with this field will benefit alike from this book.

Insecticides and pesticides are used for the control and regulation of unwanted organisms that hinder plant growth and destroy plants. This book on the applications, biochemistry and management of insecticides and pesticides discusses the production and methods of insecticides and pesticides usage. Integrated pest management is aimed at eradication and regulation of pests and harmful insects. The extensive content of this book provides the readers with a thorough understanding of the subject. It elucidates new techniques and their applications in a multidisciplinary approach. It is appropriate for students seeking detailed information in this area as well as for experts.

Food and nutrition include the study of food processing, deterioration causes, etc. by applying the elements of biology, engineering and science. Nutrition science also includes the study of the topics like catabolism, absorption, assimilation, biosynthesis, etc. This book aims to equip students and experts with the advanced topics and upcoming concepts in the area of food and nutrition science. It brings forth some of the most innovative concepts and elucidates the unexplored aspects of this subject. The book presents researches and studies performed by experts across the globe. It is a vital tool for all researching or studying food and nutrition science as it gives incredible insights into emerging trends and concepts of this field.

Water pollution is a major problem faced by our world. The pollutants are discharged directly or indirectly into the water bodies. Some of the ways of preventing or treating water pollution are sewage treatment, industrial wastewater treatment, point source wastewater treatment, etc. This book includes some of the vital pieces of work being conducted across the world, on various topics related to water pollution, its control and treatments. It aims to serve as a resource guide for students and experts alike.

Ecology primarily studies the diverse interactions that occur within an ecosystem. These interactions can be amongst the organisms or between the organisms and their environment. The major areas of concern in ecology are biodiversity, habitat conservation, food webs, population ecology, etc. Ecology has various practical applications in areas like environmental science, natural resource management, city planning, etc. This book provides comprehensive insights into the field of ecology. Through this book, we attempt to further enlighten the readers about the new concepts in this field.

Marine science is the study of the flora and fauna existing in the oceans. It also studies the physical as well as chemical properties of the ocean. It is an inter disciplinary field and branches out into sub-fields such as marine biology, physical oceanography, marine geology and many others. The objective of this book is to give a general view of the different areas of marine science, and its applications. It is a vital tool for all researching or studying this field as it gives incredible insights into emerging trends and concepts.

Oceanography focuses on both the physical aspects and living organisms of the ocean. The oceans are an important part of our ecology. Oceanography helps in comprehending issues such as global warming. Plate tectonics, ocean currents, geology of the sea floor, etc. are some of the widely studied aspects of oceanography. This book includes some of the vital pieces of work being conducted across the world, on various topics related to oceanography. This book is a complete source of knowledge on the present status of this important field.

Plant biochemistry studies the chemical mechanisms of plants. It is an important field as it helps in explaining the molecular functions of a plant. Crop modification techniques like mutagenesis, protoplast fusion, and traditional breeding help in promoting desired traits in plants. This book explores all the important aspects of plant biochemistry in the present day scenario. The various studies that are constantly contributing towards advancing technologies and evolution of this field are examined in detail. For all readers who are interested in plant biochemistry, the case studies included in this book will serve as an excellent guide to develop a comprehensive understanding.

Space science refers to the study of space exploration. It includes the fields like astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, physical cosmology, etc. Astronomy, being a part of space science, is concerned with the study of the evolution and origin of celestial bodies like comets, gamma ray bursts, stars, galaxies, planets, cosmic microwave background radiation, moons, etc. Different approaches, evaluations, methodologies and advanced studies on astronomy and space science have been included in this book. It presents researches and studies performed by experts across the globe. The book will help the readers in keeping pace with the rapid changes in this field.

Biotechnology uses biological processes and living organisms to develop products. It is used in industries such as health care, agriculture, food, etc. It has numerous branches like bioinformatics, green biotechnology, white biotechnology, red biotechnology, blue biotechnology, etc. This book unravels the unexplored aspects of biotechnology. While understanding the long-term perspectives of the topics, the book makes an effort in highlighting their impact as a modern tool for the growth of the discipline. For all those who are interested in biotechnology, it can prove to be an essential guide.

Soil fertility is the capability of soil to supply essential plant nutrients. Soil fertility has a direct impact on crop yield. Some of the aspects which affect soil fertility are soil depth, internal drainage, soil pH, presence of microorganisms, etc. Fertilizers are either natural or synthetic substances which are added to soil to enhance its fertility. This book elucidates the concepts and innovative models around prospective developments with respect to soil fertility and fertilizers. As this field is emerging at a rapid pace, the contents of this book will help the readers understand the modern concepts and applications of the subject.

The concept of sustainable agriculture embraces methods that will enhance the environmental quality. Sustainable forestry also aims at the optimum utilization of resources. Some of the practices of sustainable agriculture are soil amendment and crop rotation. New sustainable methods and techniques are constantly being developed to make soil more productive. This book includes some of the vital pieces of work being conducted across the world, on various topics related to sustainable agriculture and forestry. With state-of-the-art inputs by acclaimed experts of this field, this book targets students and professionals.