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Legal pluralism refers to the existence of multiple legal systems within a single geographic area or social system. Plural legal systems can be observed in countries which used to be colonies in the past wherein the law of a former colonial authority co-exists with an existing traditional or customary legal system. Globalization promotes legal pluralism as it increases the circulation of legal forms and practices from one country to another. Constitutions, codes, and legal institutions are commonly transplanted often with the intention of reform. Globalization also tends to increase legal pluralism by constructing a global legal order. This includes international commercial law which is encouraged by the increasing flow of transnational commercial activities. This book traces the history, theory, and consequences of legal pluralism. It is appropriate for students seeking detailed information in this area as well as for law experts.
Latin is a classical language, which belongs to the family of Indo-European languages. Initially, it was spoken in Latium, but with time it dominated the Italian region and eventually spread across the whole Roman Empire. This language was exported across the globe through the combined efforts of the Christian Church and Roman Empire. Later, it emerged as the language of romance in the form of Spanish, French, Romanian, Portuguese, and Italian. From this time until the eighteenth century, classical Latin started to emerge as the language of learning primarily due to its use by philosophers, humanists, and theologians. Latin terminology was also developed systematically for botanical descriptions, such as biological taxonomy. Furthermore, the language has been prominently used in the fields of medicine, zoology, anthropology, and chemistry. It is considered to be the universal language for scientific description and taxonomy, making it a language of learning and science. This book outlines a historical overview of the Latin language as well as its role in science and learning. It will provide comprehensive knowledge to the readers.
Geomathematics is the application of mathematical methods to solve problems in geosciences, including geology and geophysics. It is also called mathematical geophysics. There are several applications of geomathematics in different areas such as data assimilation, geophysics, terrestrial tomography, crystallography, geomorphology, glaciology and geophysical statistics. The field of geomorphology involves the application of geomathematics by using mathematical methods related to soil and water. It includes the application of various mathematical concepts such as Darcy's law, Stoke's law, stream power and differential equations. Seismic tomography, a technique used for the imaging of the subsurface of the Earth by using seismic waves, also makes extensive use of geomathematics. This book provides a detailed explanation of geomathematics. Its extensive content provides the readers with a thorough understanding of the theory and applications of this field. Coherent flow of topics, student-friendly language, and extensive use of examples make this book an invaluable source of knowledge.
Geomathematics is the application of mathematical methods to solve problems in geosciences, including geology and geophysics. It is also called mathematical geophysics. There are several applications of geomathematics in different areas such as data assimilation, geophysics, terrestrial tomography, crystallography, geomorphology, glaciology and geophysical statistics. The field of geomorphology involves the application of geomathematics by using mathematical methods related to soil and water. It includes the application of various mathematical concepts such as Darcy's law, Stoke's law, stream power and differential equations. Seismic tomography, a technique used for the imaging of the subsurface of the Earth by using seismic waves, also makes extensive use of geomathematics. This book provides a detailed explanation of geomathematics. Its extensive content provides the readers with a thorough understanding of the theory and applications of this field. Coherent flow of topics, student-friendly language, and extensive use of examples make this book an invaluable source of knowledge.
Fluid mechanics refers to the branch of physics that studies the mechanics of forces acting on fluids such as plasmas, gases and liquids. It is used in many disciplines such as geophysics, meteorology, chemical and biological engineering, mechanical engineering, oceanography, biology, civil engineering and astrophysics. It is classified into two parts including fluid dynamics, which studies the effect of forces on fluid motion, and fluid statics, which studies fluids at rest. Hydraulic machines work by utilizing liquid fluid power to perform their work, such as heavy construction vehicles. These machines generally pump hydraulic fluid to numerous hydraulic cylinders and hydraulic motors throughout the machine and it gets pressurized based on the resistance. From theories to research to practical applications, studies related to all contemporary topics of relevance to fluid mechanics and hydraulic machinery have been included in this book. It will provide comprehensive knowledge to the readers.
Electric power transmission refers to the bulk movement of electrical energy from the site of generation such as power plant to an electrical substation. There are different tools that are used in transmission system design. These tools are transmission route identification and selection, transmission network expansion planning, network analysis, and reliability analysis. In order to analyze the performance of a specific transmission system, a system planner uses tools such as load-flow, stability, and short-circuit programs. Automatic expansion models are also sometimes used to determine the optimum system. The automatic expansion models can be categorized into three types including heuristic models, single-stage optimization models, and time-phased optimization models. This book explores the design of transmission systems in detail. It presents this complex subject in the most comprehensible and easy to understand language. The book will serve as a valuable source of reference for graduate and postgraduate students.
A psychological disorder refers to a condition that is typically identified by symptoms such as abnormal thoughts, behaviors and feelings. These disorders may be linked to different conditions including psychosis, depression, stress, sleep and anxiety. The prevalence of mental disorders such as somatic problems, depression and anxiety are influenced by gender. Some of the mental health issues faced by men include depression, generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Men are more prone to withdraw socially under stress and might not take actions to handle their stress. They are also more likely than women to be diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder and substance abuse. Mental stress in males is connected with a number of health issues that might influence their health including high blood pressure and consequent cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, erectile dysfunction, cardiovascular disease, and decreased fertility. This book provides significant information to help develop a good understanding of psychological disorders in males. It presents researches and studies performed by experts across the globe. Those in search of information to further their knowledge will be greatly assisted by this book.
Transportation engineering refers to the use of scientific principles and technology to operate, plan, manage and create functional design of facilities for different modes of transportation. It aims to provide comfortable, economical, safe, rapid, convenient, efficient and environment friendly transportation for people and goods. It is involved in the planning, designing, building, maintaining and operating transportation facilities, which facilitate railroad, water, air, pipeline, highway and space transportation. The designing aspects of transportation engineering encompass determining the size of transportation facilities, and identifying the materials and thickness utilized in pavement design of the roadway. The planning aspects in transportation engineering are connected to urban planning and entail technical forecasting decisions as well as political considerations. The technical forecast of passenger travel typically contains an urban transportation planning model, which involves the assessment of mode choice, trip generation, route assignment and trip distribution. This book elucidates the planning and design aspects with respect to transportation engineering. It aims to serve as a resource guide for students and experts alike and contribute to the growth of the discipline.
Circular migration refers to the movement of migrant workers between home and host areas, mainly for the purpose of obtaining employment. It depicts a well-established pattern of population mobility, which is either rural-urban or cross-country. This migration pattern has various advantages, comprising an increase in social capital, financial capital and human capital. Circular migration plays a significant role as a source of labor supply for countries with a shortage of labor. It also helps to decrease the tendency of illegal migration in countries with established experience with this system. This book aims to understand the impact of circular migration on human, political and civil rights. It is a vital tool for all researching and studying the process and politics of circular migration.
Child abuse is defined as any action that hurts a child. It can occur in a variety of ways such as emotional, physical and sexual abuse as well as exploitation and neglect. The abuser is frequently someone the child knows. It could be a relative, parent, a close family friend or caregiver. However, children are sometimes also abused by other adults on whom they are dependent such as day care workers, sports trainers and teachers. Child abuse assessment is performed to either assess claims of physical abuse, sexual abuse, or neglect in order to aid in legal decision making. The long-term impacts of child abuse can be lessened with proper mental and physical health care. This book presents the complex subject of child abuse in the most comprehensible and easy to understand language. Coherent flow of topics, student-friendly language and extensive use of examples make this book an invaluable source of knowledge.
The Cold War refers to the geopolitical rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union, and their respective allies. It was pursued through political, economic and propaganda fronts and did not involve any direct military action. During the period from 1948 till 1953, the Cold War attained its peak. During this period, the Soviets unsuccessfully blockaded the Western-held sectors of West Berlin (1948-49). In 1949, the United States and its European allies formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), a unified military command created with intent to resist the Soviet presence in Europe. This book examines the different aspects of the Cold War. It is compiled in such a manner, that it will provide in-depth knowledge about the historical and socialist perspectives on this time period. It is meant for students and scholars of history who are looking for an elaborate reference text on the Cold War.
Any type of education or teaching that combines the values, histories, beliefs, texts and viewpoints of persons belonging to different cultural backgrounds is referred to as multicultural education. It is a method of teaching that is based on certain principles, which include diversity, inquiry, inclusion, self-reflection, democracy, skill acquisition and critical thinking. Education policy consists of the collection of laws and rules that govern the operation of educational systems. The aim of multicultural education is to ensure that all students irrespective of their gender, social class, ethnicity, race or culture should be given equal opportunity to learn in schools. Transformation of multicultural education aims to introduce the necessary changes to ensure that it caters to the present and future goals of multicultural education. The complexity of the educational transformation process to acquire intercultural attributes is determined by the promotion of educational policies for cultural diversity. This book studies and analyses the transformation of multicultural education policy and practice. Coherent flow of topics, student-friendly language, and extensive use of examples make it an invaluable source of knowledge.
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