Bøger udgivet af De Gruyter Oldenbourg

This book reflects the development of Latin American labour history across broad geographical, chronological and thematic perspectives, which seek to review and revisit key concepts at different levels. The contributions are closely linked to the most recent trends in Global Labour History and in turn, they enrich those trends.¿ Here, authors from Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Mexico, Peru and Spain take a historical and sociological perspective and analyse a series of problems relating to labour relations. The chapters weave together different periods of Latin American colonial and republican history¿from the vice-royalties of New Spain (now Mexico) and Peru, the¿Royal¿Audiencia de Charcas¿(now Bolivia), Argentina and Uruguay (former vice-royalty of Río de La Plata) and Chile (former¿Capitanía General).

This volume focuses on the depiction of women in video games set in historical periods or archaeological contexts, explores the tension between historical and archaeological accuracy and authenticity, examines portrayals of women in historical periods or archaeological contexts, portrayals of female historians and archaeologists, and portrayals of women in fantastical historical and archaeological contexts.¿ It includes both triple A and independent video games, incorporating genres such as turn-based strategy, action-adventure, survival horror, and a variety of different types of role-playing games. Its chronological and geographical scope ranges from late third century BCE China, to mid first century BCE Egypt, to Pictish and Viking Europe, to Medieval Germany, to twentieth century Taiwan, and into the contemporary world, but it also ventures beyond our universe and into the fantasy realm of Hyrule and the science fiction solar system of the Nebula.¿

While video games have blossomed into the foremost expression of contemporary popular culture over the past decades, their critical study occupies a fringe position in American Studies. In its engagement with video games, this book contributes to their study but with a thematic focus on a particularly important subject matter in American Studies: spatiality. The volume explores the production, representation, and experience of places in video games from the perspective of American Studies. Contributions critically interrogate the use of spatial myths ("wilderness," "frontier," or "city upon a hill"), explore games as digital borderlands and contact zones, and offer novel approaches to geographical literacy. Eventually, Playing the Field II brings the rich theoretical repertoire of the study of space in American Studies into conversation with questions about the production, representation, and experience of space in video games.

Based on extensive archival research in six countries and intensive fieldwork, the book analyzes the history of the village of Nkholongue on the eastern (Mozambican) shores of Lake Malawi from the time of its formation in the 19th century to the present day. The study uses Nkholongue as a microhistorical lens to examine such diverse topics as the slave trade, the spread of Islam, colonization, subsistence production, counter-insurgency, decolonization, civil war, ecotourism, and matriliny. Thereby, the book attempts to reflect as much as possible on the generalizability and (global) comparability of local findings by framing analyses in historiographical discussions that aim to go beyond the regional or national level. Although the chapters of the book deal with very different topics, they are united by a common interest in the social history of rural Africa in the longue durée. Contrary to persistent clichés of rural inertia in Africa, the book as a whole underscores the profound changeability of social conditions and relations in Nkholongue over the years and highlights how people's room for maneuver kept changing as a result of the Winds of History, the frequent and often violent ruptures brought to the village from outside.

Tourism Governance takes a systematic approach to reveal the varying internal and external dynamics that influence tourism policy and strategy across countries. With particular attention to the role of stakeholders and governmental scales, the book offers a broad geographic representation, highlighting the diversity of governance relationships towards tourism in Colombia, Egypt, Finland, France, India, Italy, Lebanon, Mexico, Oman, Poland, Portugal, Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey, and United States. Two additional chapters push beyond borders to examine tourism driven nongovernmental organizations and international tourism governance. As the first and only comprehensive comparative analysis of tourism across governmental systems, Tourism Governance promises to be a platform for inspiring critical discourse on the forces that shape this global industry.

Essays in Memory of Jan-Georg DeutschThe volume observes some of the principles that drove Prof. Jan-Georg Deutsch's research: highlighting present-day politics for the way they shape historical remembrance, learning from people on the ground through fieldwork and oral history, and bringing various parts of the African continent into discussion with one another. From Cape Town to Charlottesville, many societies are grappling with historical consciousness and the production of public memory. In particular, how and why societies remember and forget, what should serve as symbols of collective memory, and whether there exists space for multiple memory cultures are questions being vigorously debated once again. These discussions present particular challenges not only to official memory bound to ideological constructions of nationhood but also to the teaching of history and its links to social justice movements. The volume re-centres Africa and African history in memory studies, with each chapter drawing parallels to comparable cases in Africa and the world. An underlying assumption is that what can be learned from the politics of historical memory in Africa will have relevance for contemporary politics globally and for understanding how memories can be mobilised for political ends.

Children and youth belong to one of the most vulnerable groups in societies. This was the case even before the current humanitarian crises around the world which led millions of people and families to flee from wars, terror, poverty and exploitation. Minors have been denied human rights such as access to education, food and health services. They have been kidnapped, sold, manipulated, mutilated, killed, and injured. This has been and continues to be the case in both developed and developing countries, and it does not look as if the situation will improve in the near future. Rather, current geopolitical developments, political and economic uncertainties and instabilities seem to be increasing the vulnerability of minors, especially in the wars and armed conflicts currently being waged not only in Europe, but on almost every continent. How can risks children and youth are exposed to in times of transition be reduced? Which role do state agencies, non-governmental organisations, as well as children's coping strategies play in mitigating the vulnerabilities of minors?This volume addresses risks to which children and young people are exposed, especially in times of transition. The focus is on different groups of children in the European wartime and post-war societies of the Second World War, 'occupation children' in Germany, teenage National Socialist collaborators in Norway, and more recent cases such as child soldiers, refugee children, and children of European "Islamic State" fighters. The contributions come from international scholars and different academic disciplines (educational and social sciences, humanities, law, and international peace and conflict studies) and are based on historical, quantitative, and/or qualitative analyses.

Jews in Japan: Presence and Perception. Antisemitism, Philosemitism and International Relations is a study on the history of real and imagined Jews in Japan, which discusses the little known cultural, political and economic ties between Jews and Japan, and follows the evolution of Jewish stereotypes in Japan in the last century and a half. The book begins with the arrival of Jews and their image in late 19th to early 20th-century Japan, when the seeds of later stereotyped visions were sown. The discussion then focuses on wartime Japan, delving into the complex and mixed attitudes of the Japanese Empire toward Jews. In postwar Japan, the partial reception of the Holocaust intertwined with earlier antisemitic and philosemitic manifestations, resulting in instances of both hatred and admiration toward Jews. Finally, the book explores the recent reframing of Japanese-Jewish historical encounters within the context of the growing ties between Japan and Israel. This study sheds new light on the little explored relations between Jews and Japan, offering thought-provoking insights into the coexistence of antisemitism and philosemitism, the political and diplomatic uses of Jewish history, and the perpetuation of Jewish stereotypes in a land devoid of a local Jewish population.

Contemporary Jewish identity, integration and acculturation in Europe has become an urgent topic in view of the current wave of antisemitism and reliable research on the present state of Jewish identity is scarce. Lilach Lev Ari has chosen three ethnically diverse communities ¿ Paris, Brussels, and Antwerp ¿ that can shed a light on the identity and acculturation of the Jewish minority in Europe. To understand patterns of social integration of native-born and immigrant Jews in the three host societies she applies the correlational quantitative method and has conducted semi-structured interviews. The study can promote further understanding of Jewish continuity within the non-Jewish host societies in a situation, when there is a concern about the resilience and strength of the Jewish communities vis-à-vis new waves of antisemitism.

The open world role-playing Assassin's Creed video game series is one of the most successful series of all time, praised for its in-depth use of historical characters and events, compelling graphics, and addictive gameplay. Assassin's Creed games offer up the possibility of exploring history, mythology, and heritage immersively, graphically, and imaginatively. This collection of essays by architects archaeologists and historiansexplores the learning opportunities of playing, modifying, and extending the games in the classroom, on location, in the architectural studio, and in a museum.

Poverty and inequality have pervaded British society to this day, but this has not always been self-evident to contemporaries - popular understandings have depended on existing knowledge. Inequality Knowledge provides the first detailed history of the numbers about the gap between rich and poor. It shows how they were produced, used, and suppressed at times, and how activists, scientists, and journalists eventually wrestled control over the figures from the state. The book traces the making and the politics of statistical knowledge about economic inequality in the United Kingdom from the post-war era to the 1990s. What kind of knowledge was available to contemporaries about socio-economic disparities in Britain and how they evolved over time? How was this knowledge produced and by whom? What did policy makers and civil servants know about the extent of poverty and inequality in British society and to what extent did they take the distributional impact of their social and fiscal policies into account? Far from just a technical matter, inequality knowledge had far-reaching implications for key debates and the wider political culture in contemporary Britain. Historicizing inequality knowledge speaks to a long tradition of historical research about social class divisions and cultural representations of economic disparities in twentieth-century Britain.

Wie konnten Abwesende politische Prozesse im Venedig der Renaissance beeinflussen? Wie wurden entsprechende Praktiken tradiert? Antworten auf diese Fragen gibt die Briefsammlung des Amtsträgers Ludovico Foscarini (1409-1480). Seine Briefe entstanden als Reaktion auf ein Dilemma: Nur als Statthalter und Gesandter konnte Foscarini in der Konkurrenz mit anderen venezianischen Adeligen bestehen. In der Peripherie war er aber von den Verteilungswettkämpfen abgeschnitten, die in der Zentrale in geheimen Abstimmungen abliefen. Kunstvolle Briefe an andere Politiker und politisch einflussreiche Intellektuelle sollten das Problem lösen. Diese Briefe nutzten humanistische, juristische und theologische Metaphern, um Themen anzusprechen, die außerhalb der offiziellen Gremien tabu waren. Foscarini legte eine didaktisch aufgebaute Briefsammlung mit den wirksamsten seiner Briefe an - ein Erfahrungsschatz, den er seinen Söhnen für ihre politischen Laufbahnen hinterließ. Die Publikation kontextualisiert in einer interdisziplinär angelegten Analyse die Einzelbriefe anhand von gelehrten Textvorlagen und Wissensbeständen sowie Archivmaterial. Zusätzlich wird eine Edition dieser für die Geschichte des Humanismus hochbedeutenden Quelle geboten.

In recent years, poetry and video games have begun talking to ¿ and taking from ¿ one another in earnest. Poets, ever in pursuit of meaning, now draw inspiration from digital-interactive fantasy worlds, while video game developers aim to enrich their creations by imbuing them with poetic depth. This book investigates the phenomena of poem-game hybrids and other forms of poetic-ludic interplay, making use of both a multidisciplinary critical approach and the author¿s own experiments in building and testing hybrid artefacts. What emerges is the suggestion of a future where reading and playing are no longer seen as separate endeavours, where the quests for sensory pleasure and philosophic insight are one and the same.

Sino-Japanese Reflections offers ten richly detailed case studies that examine various forms of cultural and literary interaction between Japanese and Chinese intellectuals from the late Ming to the early twentieth century. The authors consider efforts by early modern scholars on each side of the Yellow Sea to understand the language and culture of the other, to draw upon received texts and forms, and to contribute to shared literary practices. Whereas literary and cultural flow within the Sinosphere is sometimes imagined to be an entirely unidirectional process of textual dissemination from China to the periphery, the contributions to this volume reveal a more complex picture: highlighting how literary and cultural engagement was always an opportunity for creative adaptation and negotiation. Examining materials such as Chinese translations of Japanese vernacular poetry, Japanese engagements with Chinese supernatural stories, adaptations of Japanese historical tales into vernacular Chinese, Sinitic poetry composed in Japan, and Japanese Sinology, the volume brings together recent work by literary scholars and intellectual historians of multiple generations, all of whom have a strong comparative interest in Sino-Japanese studies.

Prime Minister Hendrik Verwoerd (1958-1966) is widely regarded as the mastermind of apartheid in South Africa. This study examines how he developed the ideology of racial separation into a comprehensive system. It also looks into Verwoerd's intellectual development and his academic career before he entered politics. Apartheid was to Verwoerd less a defense of colonialism but a policy for the future, he was an authoritarian modernizer and a true representative of the Age of Extremes.

Delicious Pixels: Food in Video Games introduces critical food studies to game scholarship, showing the unique ways in which food is utilized in both video game gameplay and narrative to show that food is never just food but rather a complex means of communication and meaning-making. It aims at bringing the academic attention to digital food and to show how significant it became in the recent decades as, on the one hand, a world-building device, and, on the other, a crucial link between the in-game and out-of-game identities and experiences. This is done by examining specifically the examples of games in which food serves as the means of creating an intimate, cozy, and safe world and a close relationship between the players and the characters.

This book paints an image of sociality in duress, describing how new Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) bring possible changes in political engagement and civic-ness. The political branch of the field of ICT-for-Development (ICT4D) is firmly convinced that this translates in civic engagement and democratisation. This book questions this conception, by showing that mistrust greatly increases through new ICT in a society where mistrust has been internalised. These processes are examined in the society encountered in Sokodé, the capital of the Central Region of Togo, in the period between 2015 and 2020, when the mobile phone became widespread among young people. This ethnographic research provides a snapshot of the changes brought about by new ICT in the social fabrics and the lives of these young people. The place and period are highly relevant for getting a better understanding of the forms that civic engagement can take, and the roles that new ICT can play in settings of political repression. Togo has been ruled by the same family for over half a century, and Sokodé is one of the rare places of fierce political opposition. However, young people do not persevere in massive street protests like in other countries, even though they appear to have every reason to do so. How can the circumstances and social processes be understood that are leading to this ¿political silence¿, and how do frustration and anger find their way? The link between new ICT and civic engagement has more often been made, but mostly quantitative and volatile, lacking empirical grounding. This book demonstrates that there is indeed a connection between new ICT and social change. Through their phones, young people inform themselves in different ways, and they react differently to social and political changes. Their reflection on politics has also altered, minimal as it may seem. By closely regarding the context and mechanisms by which the trustworthiness of information is valued, this book contributes to the nascent research field of communication and political anthropology.

This book aims to study the departure and reception of refugees in 19th-century Europe, from the Congress of Vienna to the 1870-1880s. Through eight chapters, it draws on a transnational approach to analyze migratory movements across European borders. The book reviews the chronology of exile and shows how European states welcomed, selected, and expelled refugees. In addition to presenting the point of view of nation-states, it reflects the experience of those migrating. The book addresses departure into exile, captured through the material circumstances of crossing borders in the 19th century, and examines the emergence of new ways to pursue political commitments from abroad. The outcasts are considered in all their diversity, with a prominent place accorded to women and children, many of whom also moved under duress. The book aims to shed light on the forced migrations of Europeans across Europe, while also considering the global dimension, looking at exile to the Americas or the French colonies. A final chapter examines the impossibility or difficulty of returning from exile to one¿s country of origin, as well as the a posteriori memorial constructs around that crucial experience.

Dwight Eisenhower's encounter with the Holocaust altered how he understood the Second World War and shaped how he led the United States and the Western Alliance during the Cold War. This book is the first to blend scholarship on Eisenhower, World War II, and the Holocaust together, constructing a narrative that offers new insights into all three, all while uncovering the story of how he became among the first to vow that such atrocities would never again be allowed to happen. From the moment he stepped foot in the concentration camp Ohrdruf in April 1945, defeating Nazi Germany took on a moral hue for Eisenhower that had largely been absent before. It spurred the belief that totalitarianism in all its forms needed to be confronted. This conviction shaped his presidency and solidified American engagement in the postwar world. Putting these pieces of the story together alters how we view and understand the second half of the twentieth century.

The book is a systematic study of the China-Britain relationship during the 1942¿1949 period with a particular focus on the two countries¿ discussions over both the 1943 Sino-British treaty and the discarded Sino-British commercial treaty, the future of Hong Kong, and the political status of Tibet. These were dominated by two underlying themes: the elimination of the British imperialist position in China and the establishment of an equal and reciprocal bilateral relationship. The negotiations started promisingly in 1942¿1943, but, by 1949, had failed to reach a satisfactory settlement. Behind the failure lay a complex set of domestic considerations and external factors, including the powerful infl uence of the United States. Even after seven decades, the failure still has a contemporary impact. Recent Sino-British disputes over the Hong Kong Anti-Extradition Law Amendment Bill Movement and incessant Indo-Chinese confl icts and skirmishes over their unsettled borders all attest to the enduring legacy of the years 1942¿1949 as setting the scene for subsequent Sino-British and Sino-Indian relations. From this perspective, the history has never left us.

Ein Vademecum für jeden, der mit Russland Geschäfte betreibt. Das sind die Themen: Die kulturelle Barriere. Kulturelle Unterschiede und ihre Auswirkungen auf die Geschäftsbeziehungen. Die russische Geschäftsetikette. Wissenswerte Hintergrundinformationen über Russland. Politische Rahmenbedingen. Aus der russischen Unternehmenspraxis.

Die Krankenhauslandschaft in Deutschland befindet sich in einem tiefgreifenden Wandel. Seit Jahren ist die Anzahl der Häuser rückläufig und viele zentrale Indikatoren haben sich deutlich verändert. Als Ursachen für den Wandel sind Megatrends zu erkennen, die eine Herausforderung für die Zukunftsentwicklung darstellen. Die bauliche Bedarfsplanung ist in diesem Zusammenhang ein wichtiges Steuerungselement für die Entwicklung von Krankenhausimmobilien.Auf Basis der Ergebnisse von Experteninterviewserien und einer Literaturanalyse werden in diesem Buch Methoden für spezielle Anwendungsfälle abgeleitet und erste Ideen zur Anpassung von Bedarfsplanungsmethoden an konkrete Bauvorhaben im Krankenhausbau entwickelt. Das Buch bietet somit eine Hilfestellung für Klinikbetreiber und Bedarfsplaner für die Vorgehensweise und Schwerpunktsetzung bei Baumaßnahmen an Krankenhausgebäuden. Gleichzeitig ist das Buch auch für die Forschung relevant, das es eine Grundlage für die zukünftige Anpassung und Weiterentwicklung von Bedarfsplanungsmethoden ist.

Das Buch geht auf ein sehr breites Spektrum von verschiedenen Technologien ein und erörtert ausführlich deren thermodynamische, betriebliche, wirtschaftliche und ökologische Grundlagen. Neben konventionellen Energietechniken zur Wärme- und Stromerzeugung werden in dieser Neuauflage vor allem innovative Technologien wie Brennstoffzellen, Wärmepumpen, Wasserstofftechnologien und die Nutzung und Speicherung regenerativer Energien beschrieben.

This handbook places emphasis on modern/contemporary times, and . It aims to emphasize the religious, economic, political, cultural and social connections between Africa and the rest of the world and features comparisons as well as an interdisciplinary approach in order to examine the place of Africa in global history. "This book makes an important contribution to the discussion on the place of Africa in the world and of the world in Africa. An outstanding work of scholarship, it powerfully demonstrates that Africa is not marginal to global concerns. Its labor and resources have made our world, and the continent deserves our respect." ¿ Mukhtar Umar Bunza, Professor of Social History, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, and Commissioner for Higher Education, Kebbi State, Nigeria "This is a deep plunge into the critical place of Africa in global history. The handbook blends a rich set of important tapestries and analysis of the conceptual framework of African diaspora histories, imperialism and globalization. By foregrounding the authentic voices of African interpreters of transnational interactions and exchanges, the Handbook demonstrates a genuine commitment to the promotion of decolonized and indigenous knowledge on African continent and its peoples." ¿ Samuel Oloruntoba, Visiting Research Professor, Institute of African Studies, Carleton University

Für Tilo von Wilmowsky brachte das Jahr 1918 nach einer unspektakulären Jugend als Angehöriger der Elite eine Wende: Er musste sein Amt als Landrat aufgeben, leistete aber nun ¿ finanziell unabhängig und frei von Karrierezwängen ¿ in der Weimarer Republik und bis 1944 Beiträge zur Krisenbewältigung in Politik, Industrie und Landwirtschaft. Tilo von Wilmowsky setzte sich als DNVP-Abgeordneter im sächsischen Landtag und im "Bund zur Erneuerung des Reiches" für die Rettung der Demokratie gegen rechts ein. Für seinen Schwager Gustav Krupp beaufsichtigte er die Landkonzession Manytsch in der Sowjetunion, darüber hinaus förderte die Technisierung der Landwirtschaft und versuchte, den Konflikt Industrie/Landwirtschaft zu entschärfen. Mit dem von ihm gegründeten "Mitteleuropäischen Wirtschaftstag" exportierte er seine Ideen zur Agrarreform nach Südosteuropa. Aufgrund seiner Kontakte zum Widerstand kam er nach dem 20. Juli 1944 in KZ-Haft. Er überlebte einen Todesmarsch an die Ostsee und zog nach der Enteignung seines Guts in den Westen, wo er sich eingehend mit der Frage von Schuld und Sühne auseinandersetzte und an seine weiterhin aktuellen Gedanken in den Bereichen Agrartechnik, Entwicklungshilfe und europäische Einigung anknüpfte.

How do games represent history, and how do we make sense of the history of games? The industry regularly uses history to sell products, while processes of creation and of promotion leave behind markers of a game's history. The access to this history is often granted by so-called paratexts, which are accompanying elements orbiting texts. Exploring this fully, case studies in this work move the focus of debate from the games themselves to wider, ancillary materials and ask how history is used in, and how we can use history to study games.

Angesichts einer fortschreitenden Urbanisierung und der ungeheuren Erfolgsgeschichte der Siedlungsform "Stadt" wird selten die paradoxe Kehrseite dieser Geschichte in den Blick genommen. Seit 5000 Jahren steht der Entstehung von Städten ihr Untergang gegenüber. Verlassene Städte sind ein geradezu allgegenwärtiges Phänomen aller Zeiten und Regionen. Die in den Band versammelten Aufsätze unterschiedlicher Disziplinen beschreiben, wie von der Antike bis in die aktuelle Zeitgeschichte Stadtruinen wahrgenommen wurden. Ihre Interpretation, Instrumentalisierung und symbolische wie inhaltliche Aufladung verrät sehr viel über die Kulturen, in denen diese Prozesse zu beobachten sind. In einem faszinierenden Spektrum, das vom antiken Nahen Osten, Kleinasien und Italien über das präkolumbianische Nordamerika und Europa des 19. Jahrhunderts bis in den heutigen Oman, Palästina, die Mongolei, die USA oder nach Osteuropa reicht, wird die vielfältige Deutung von Ruinen und ihre Rolle in politischen, kulturellen und sozialen Verständigungen und Kontroversen thematisiert. Verlassene Städte erweisen sich auf diese Weise als ein zentrales und äußerst fruchtbares Thema der Kultur-, Kunst- und politischen Geschichte.