Bøger udgivet af Elsevier Science & Technology

HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders (HAND) presents a complex and evolving challenge in the context of HIV-1 infection and treatment. This comprehensive volume dives into the clinical manifestations, molecular and cellular mechanisms, and therapeutic strategies underlying HAND and its associated comorbidities. This book brings together cutting-edge research and clinical insights, making it an essential resource for researchers, clinicians, and students engaged in HIV-related studies and neurocognitive research. This resource also aims to advance our understanding of HAND to contribute to the development of novel diagnostic tools and therapeutic interventions for improved patient outcomes.

MicroRNA in Human Infectious Diseases offers an overview of the therapeutic and diagnostic role microRNAs can play in treating infectious diseases. Beginning with an introduction on microRNAs and their mechanisms, the book then delves into the therapeutic role of microRNAs in various categories of diseases, including bacterial, viral, and parasitic. A wide range of diseases are explored, including STDs, typhoid, tuberculosis, Dengue fever, Ebola, Covid-19, Malaria, Leishmaniasis, and Lymphatic filariasis. The final section of the book covers microRNA-based system approaches, considering aspects such as web-based tools available for detecting and predicting microRNA targets and the latest technologies for modifying and manipulating microRNAs. This volume explores microRNA across a multitude of conditions and is an ideal reference for those involved in the investigation and development of treatments in this area.

Change in Emotion and Mental Health provides conceptual, experimental, and methodological advances concerning the multiple roles of "change" in affective sciences, and also in developmental psychology, psychopathology, and psychotherapy, by adopting a focus on emotion and mental health. The volume is organized in three parts: 1) Fundamental mechanisms of change in emotion, 2) Developmental changes, and 3) Changes in psychotherapy. Each part includes five chapters on five functional domains: 1. Emotion awareness and understanding 2. Appraisal and reappraisal 3. Emotion regulation 4. Emotion memories 5. Emotion competencies and transformation

Handbook of the Economics of Education, Volume Seven describes the research frontier in key topical areas and sets the agenda for further work. Sections in this new release include Methods for Measuring School Effectiveness, Teacher Evaluation and Training, U.S. School Finance: Resources and Outcomes, College Costs, Financial Aid, and Student Decisions, Firm Training, Multidimensional Human Capital and the Wage Structure, and more. By bringing together some of the world¿s leading scholars, this volume provides a unique view of scholarship in the area. The international perspectives of the editors ¿ Hanushek at Stanford, Machin at LSE, and Woessmann at Munich ¿ leads to a volume with something for all researchers. Topics range from the economics of early childhood education to inequality in society to cash transfers in developing countries.

Handbook of Truly Concurrent Process Algebra provides readers with a detailed and in-depth explanation of the algebra used for concurrent computing. This complete handbook is divided into five Parts: Algebraic Theory for Reversible Computing, Probabilistic Process Algebra for True Concurrency, Actors ¿ A Process Algebra-Based Approach, Secure Process Algebra, and Verification of Patterns. The author demonstrates actor models which are captured using the following characteristics: Concurrency, Asynchrony, Uniqueness, Concentration, Communication Dependency, Abstraction, and Persistence. Truly concurrent process algebras are generalizations of the corresponding traditional process algebras. Handbook of Truly Concurrent Process Algebra introduces several advanced extensions and applications of truly concurrent process algebras. Part 1: Algebraic Theory for Reversible Computing provides readers with all aspects of algebraic theory for reversible computing, including the basis of semantics, calculi for reversible computing, and axiomatization for reversible computing. Part 2: Probabilistic Process Algebra for True Concurrency provides readers with all aspects of probabilistic process algebra for true concurrency, including the basis of semantics, calculi for probabilistic computing, axiomatization for probabilistic computing, as well as mobile calculi for probabilistic computing. Part 3: Actors - A Process Algebra-Based Approach bridges the two concurrent models, process algebra and actors, by capturing the actor model in the following characteristics: Concurrency, Asynchrony, Uniqueness, Concentration, Communication Dependency, Abstraction, and Persistence. Part 4: Secure Process Algebra demonstrates the advantages of process algebra in verifying security protocols ¿ it has a firmly theoretic foundation and rich expressive powers to describe security protocols. Part 5: Verification of Patterns formalizes software patterns according to the categories of the patterns and verifies the correctness of patterns based on truly concurrent process algebra. Every pattern is detailed according to a regular format to be understood and utilized easily, which includes introduction to a pattern and its verifications. Patterns of the vertical domains are also provided, including the domains of networked objects and resource management. To help readers develop and implement the software patterns scientifically, the pattern languages are also presented.

Encyclopedia of Fish Physiology, Second Edition is a comprehensive, introductory-level reference work that aims to unite readers in the wonders of this discipline. Chapters highlight where physiological systems and processes are conserved across vertebrate groups, which supports the use of fish as a vertebrate model for investigating fundamental problems in physiology and knowledge transfer to the medical field. Other chapters highlight unique specializations and adaptations that allow fish to survive in challenging environments, leading to a deeper appreciation of the natural world. Final sections demonstrate the consequences of perturbing physiological systems and how this knowledge can empower conservation strategies to protect fish. Much has changed in the field of fish physiology since publication of the previous, Prose award winning, edition. For example, we understand better the impacts of global climate change on the physiological systems of fish, and we have gained a deeper mechanistic understanding of physiological processes through technological advancements such as gene editing with CRISPR, whole genome sequencing, and quantitative 'omic` approaches. The new edition greatly expands the closing thematic section focused on applying fish physiology to real world challenges with topics including ocean acidification, declining habitat quality due to human activities, and the use of zebrafish in biomedical studies on tissue regeneration, neurological disorders and cancer.

Rare and Complex Urology has been produced by the European Reference Network (ERN) for rare urogenital diseases and complex conditions, ERN eUROGEN.The book combines information on network developments and clinical and surgical aspects, allowing for better diagnoses, treatments, and patient outcomes.The expertise areas covered include those relating to the bladder, stone and kidney diseases, congenital malformations, pelvic floor disorders, the urethra, reconstruction, and rare cancers and tumours.This is a must-have reference for clinicians and basic scientists interested in translational urology and surgery, including urologists, paediatric surgeons, and multidisciplinary team members seeking guidance on how to implement novel research.

Molecular Impacts of Nanoparticles on Plants and Algae covers molecular mechanisms of plants/algae related to cellular uptake, translocation of nanoparticles, and genome, transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome responses against it. The book introduces readers to state-of-the-art developments and trends of nanoparticles and plants/algae including interactions of nanoparticles with biological compounds in vitro. Nanoscience and nanotechnology have rapidly been developed in the last few decades, and they have a wide range of applications in industry, medicine, food, and agriculture. In agriculture, nanoparticles (NPs) have successfully been used for growth regulation, crop protection and improvement. This book presents the most recent findings on nanoparticle and plant/algae interaction by focusing on molecular response mechanisms at genome, transcriptome, proteome and metabolome levels. In addition, uptake and translocation mechanism of nanoparticles are assessed both in plant and algae. Throughout this book, the latest developments and discoveries are highlighted, along with open problems and future challenges in molecular mechanisms of plants/algae as a response of nanoparticles.

Clinical Aspects of Multiple Sclerosis Essentials and Current Updates offers readers a comprehensive and up-to-date analysis of multiple sclerosis (MS) and its related disorders, providing the latest research findings and insights to ensure readers are well informed. This book thoroughly examines the underlying genetic factors contributing to the development of the disease while emphasizing the significant role of vitamin D in both the pathogenesis and treatment of MS. Furthermore, this book provides essential information on current treatment guidelines for effectively managing MS during pregnancy. This includes a specific focus on optimizing outcomes and addressing the complexities involved, healthcare professionals are equipped to handle the challenges presented by this specific patient population. Overall, this book delivers meticulous, updated, and extensive information on all aspects of MS, from demographic features and etiopathogenesis to the latest diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. With a focus on delivering valuable knowledge and practical insights, Clinical Aspects of Multiple Sclerosis Essentials and Current Updates serves as an essential resource for healthcare professionals and researchers seeking a deeper understanding of MS.

Applications of Piecewise Defined Fractional Operators, Volume Two introduces new mathematical methods to derive complex modeling solutions with stability, consistency, and convergence. These tools include new types of non-local derivatives and integrals, such as fractal-fractional derivatives and integrals. Drs. Atangana and Araz present the theoretical and numerical analyses of newly introduced piecewise differential and integral operators where crossover behaviors are observed, along with applications. The book contains foundational concepts that will help readers better understand piecewise differential and integral calculus and their applications to modeling processes. Concepts are applied to heat transfer, groundwater transport, groundwater flow, telegraph dynamics, heart rhythm, and others. Applying principles introduced in the first volume, new numerical schemes are introduced to derive numerical solutions to these new equations, and the stability, consistency, and convergence analysis of these new numerical approaches are presented.

Theory and Methods of Piecewise Defined Fractional Operators introduces new mathematical methods to derive complex modeling solutions with stability, consistency, and convergence. These tools include new types of non-local derivatives and integrals, such as fractal-fractional derivatives and integrals. Drs. Atangana and Araz present the theoretical and numerical analyses of the newly introduced piecewise differential and integral operators where crossover behaviors are observed, as well as their applications to real-world problems. The book contains foundational concepts that will help readers better understand piecewise differential and integral calculus and their applications to modeling processes with crossover behaviors. Several Cauchy problems with piecewise differential operators are considered, and their existence and uniqueness under some conditions are presented; in particular, the Carathéodory principle is used to ensure the existence and uniqueness of these new Cauchy problems. New numerical schemes are introduced to derive numerical solutions to these new equations, and the stability, consistency, and convergence analysis of these new numerical approaches are also presented.

Synthetic Data and Generative AI covers the foundations of machine learning with modern approaches to solving complex problems and the systematic generation and use of synthetic data. Emphasis is on scalability, automation, testing, optimizing, and interpretability (explainable AI). For instance, regression techniques - including logistic and Lasso - are presented as a single method without using advanced linear algebra. Confidence regions and prediction intervals are built using parametric bootstrap without statistical models or probability distributions. Models (including generative models and mixtures) are mostly used to create rich synthetic data to test and benchmark various methods.

Many-Sorted Algebras for Deep Learning and Quantum Technology presents a precise and rigorousdescription of basic concepts in quantum technologies and how they relate to deep learning and quantum theory. Current merging of quantum theory and deep learning techniques provides the need for a source that gives readers insights into the algebraic underpinnings of these disciplines. Although analytical, topological, probabilistic, as well as geometrical concepts are employed in many of these areas, algebra exhibits the principal thread; hence, this thread is exposed using many-sorted algebras. This book includes hundreds of well-designed examples that illustrate the intriguing concepts in quantum systems. Along with these examples are numerous visual displays. In particular, the polyadic graph shows the types or sorts of objects used in quantum or deep learning. It also illustrates all the inter and intra-sort operations needed in describing algebras. In brief, it provides the closure conditions. Throughout the book, all laws or equational identities needed in specifying an algebraic structure are precisely described.

Neurogenetics for the Practitioner provides clinicians with a navigation tool to help diagnose and treat patients with neurological disorders using neurogenetics. Sections introduce the reader to an overview of genetic principles, including practical applications in relation to diagnosis and current limitations. Additional chapters highlight how to workup patients presenting with certain features, including cerebral palsy/intellectual disability, congenital muscular dystrophy, cognitive decline/dementia, peripheral neuropathy, and paroxysmal disorder. The final section explores therapeutic strategies based on genetic interventions and genetic counselling options. This internationally contributed book will become the essential reference guide for neurologists.

Functional Metagenomics: Microbial Diversity, Interaction, and Application in Bioremediation uses a 20-chapter, easy-to-understand format to centralize the practical application ideas for functional metagenomics. This important resource not only includes chapters on next-generation sequencing technologies to study important biogeochemical cycles, degradation pathways and detoxification, but also gives insight into several tools that have been developed to integrate metadata and sequence data, allowing downstream comparative analyses of different datasets using several ecological indices. The book's content further explains newly developed techniques for sequencing DNA, generating shorter fragments than Sanger sequencing techniques to quickly read larger sequences in a shorter amount of time. The content finally explores the role of metagenomics in studying microbial diversity, interaction, and application in bioremediation studies and gives the reader overall detailed information regarding metagenomics and its application and techniques.

Engineering Applications in Livestock Production covers the recent advancements and technological developments in the field of livestock production engineering in great detail. The major advances covered in this book include the use of artificial intelligence, image processing, Internet of Things, novel animal product processing technologies, farm automation systems, sensor technology, bioengineering practices and even engineered housing systems among others.

Nuclear Waste Management Facilities examines best practices and recent trends in improving nuclear safety and reducing the negative environmental impacts of nuclear waste. With a strong emphasis on regulatory requirements, this reference is essential for designing new integrated waste management practices, using lessons learned from historical and current practices. Divided into three key parts, Part One introduces the reader to the safety and environmental impacts of the nuclear industry and the historical and current nuclear waste management practices. Part Two reviews recent technological and methodological approaches to enhancing safety, as well as reducing the environmental impacts of both individual processes and integrated facilities. Topics covered include spent fuel and radioactive waste management, legacy waste management, remediation, and decommissioning. Part Three considers some prospective for the safe management of waste from innovative reactors, and wastes that contain emerging contaminants, including waste recycling opportunities. Nuclear Waste Management Facilities is a crucial tool needed to implement the safest and most environmentally considerate best practices within nuclear waste management facilities.

Agricultural and food wastes constitute a significant problem worldwide because of their adverse effects on the environment, economy, and society. Moreover, due to the rapid global population growth and food consumption behavior, the problem became more critical. Therefore, studies on the management and valorization of food wastes gained significant attention worldwide. It is expected that the importance given to waste valorization will increase in the near future and it will contribute greatly to sustainability and circular economy. This may be achieved with the collaborative actions of governments, legislative bodies, policy makers, companies, public, and all stakeholders by placing special emphasis on this topic. Within this context, this volume provides up-to-date information on the valorization and application of by-products/wastes from fruit, vegetable, oil, cocoa, tea, coffee, nuts, seeds, cereals, legumes, citrus and animal-based products. Moreover, safety aspects as well as bioaccessibility/bioavailability of bioactives obtained from by-products/wastes are covered.

This volume focuses on topics at the intersection between neuroethics and neurodevelopment, and brings together the perspectives of experts in both clinical assessment and intervention, and researchers in child psychology, neurosciences, medicine, health policy, law, and social work. The goal is to review emerging issues related to the ethical ramifications of how variation in human neurodevelopment is described, and the effects of these descriptions on those with lived experience, clinical and intervention services, and health and social policy. Related topics are also explored including the effect of the Covid-19 pandemic, the ethics of invasive neurotechnology interventions, biomarkers, machine learning, precision medicine.