Bøger udgivet af In Tech

As biosensors comprise a prospective alternative to traditional chemical analyses, enabling fast on- and in-line measurements with sufficient selectivity, the field isexpanding rapidly and is offering new ideas and developments every day. This book aims to cover the present state of the art in the biosensor technology and introduce the general aspects of biosensor- based techniques and methods. The book consists of 13 chapters by 44 authors and is divided into 3 sections, focused on bio-recognition techniques, signal transduction methods and signal analysis.

Senescence is a biological process that causes a progressive deterioration of structure and function of all organs chronologically. Recent studies have revealed the detailed molecular mechanisms of senescence using cell culture system and experimental organisms. It is thought that senescence is a potential cause for the development of various age-related disorders such as cancer, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders. This book discusses in detail senescence and its related diseases by distinguished researchers and practicing clinicians. The cumulative knowledge from the studies could lead to developing new approaches for anti-senescence interventions.

Carbon nanotubes are rolled up graphene sheets with a quasi-one-dimensional structure of nanometer-scale diameter. In these last twenty years, carbon nanotubes have attracted much attention from physicists, chemists, material scientists, and electronic device engineers because of their excellent structural, electronic, optical, chemical and mechanical properties. Carbon nanotube research, especially that aiming at industrial applications, is becoming more important. This book covers recent research topics regarding the physical, structural, chemical and electric properties on carbon nanotubes. All chapters were written by researchers who are active on the front lines. The chapters in this book will be helpful to many students, engineers and researchers working in the field of carbon nanotubes.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is ranked as the leading cause of death world wide, responsible for 17.1 million deaths globally each year. Such numbers are often difficult to comprehend. A coronary even occurs every 25 seconds and CVD kills one person every 34 seconds. 35 people under 65 years of age die prematurely every day due to CVD. The incidence of CVD has declined in recent years due to a better understanding of the pathology, implementation of lipid lowering therapy, new drug regimens and advances in acute surgical intervention. The disease burden has a great financial impact on global healthcare systems and major economic consequences for world economies. This text reviews the epidemiology, development, risk factors, diagnosis and treatment of ischemic heart disease.

This book describes different perspectives of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The approach includes aspects of molecular epidemiology, particularly molecular features that influence the genesis and prognosis of the disease. Some aspects of the prognosis of lymphoblastic leukemias are very detailed, highlighting the use of molecular biology in the early identification of complications that may occur in diseased patients.The authors of the present book conform a Mexican group who identifies the causes of leukemia, and they summarize their experience in research, results and proposals for future studies. A causal model is included in which the authors hypothesized the origin of acute lymphoblastic leukemias, particularly in children. This hypothesis can be useful to better understand other cancers during childhood. This book will help the reader to identify different molecular aspects involved in leukemia, and its relation to the development and evolution of the disease.

This book provides an insight for students, researchers and practitioners on the area of vehicular communications explaining and presenting solutions for some of the most critical issues in this field and, hopefully, inspiring new research directions. The book is organized in Sections, which respond to different layers and aspects of the vehicular technology: infrastructures, cells deployment and its integration with the V2V part, access procedures, advanced services and applications as localization, spectrum sensing, relay-based cooperative networks.

In this book dealing with the lung health, the authors focus on various fields, spreading from pulmonary oncogenesis, to inflammatory and parasitic lung diseases. The first section deals with the fundamental research on lung cancer that is mandatory for the development of novel and early biomarkers for diagnosis of the lung cancer. This development could be enhanced using experimental models despite the species barrier. Mouse models can help us understand the sequence of events involved in human lung neoplasia and their underlying molecular mechanisms. The results of the research could be used to identify novel targets for the development of new biological therapies. In the second section of this book, the role of inflammation in various respiratory diseases is outlined. The authors recall cellular mechanisms including neutrophils to improve the understanding of the phenomenon and help develop targeted therapies. The third section on parasitic tropical lung disease highlights the growing importance of neglected tropical diseases due to increased traffic across the continents and migration of the population. Physicians need to be aware of the symptoms and imaging findings of these diseases mainly in travelers and immigrants from tropical endemic areas.

A dramatic increase in knowledge regarding the molecular biology of brain tumors has been established over the past few years. In particular recent new avenues regarding the role of stem cells and microRNAs along with further understanding of the importance of angiogenesis, immunotherapy and explanations for the resistance of the tumors to chemotherapeutic agents and radiation therapy has been developed. It is hopeful that this new information will lead to efficacious treatment strategies for these tumors which remain a challenge. In this book a review of the latest information on these topics along with a variety of new therapeutic treatment strategies with an emphasis on molecular targeted therapies is provided.

The book Recent Advances in the Biology, Therapy and Management of Melanoma brings up-to-date information regarding a number of aspects which culminate in illuminating potential targets in the fight against melanoma. This book is intended to be a reference book for both the scientific and clinical communities and brings complicated subject matter together in an easy, readable way. Undoubtedly fundamental scientific understanding has to then be translated to the clinic in order for us to make significant strides in eradicating melanoma. It is hoped that scientists, clinicians, students and residents find this book useful in their studies on melanoma and that it not only expands their perspectives and views on the field, but challenges them to forge ahead towards discovering the ultimate cure.

Summarizing a decade of scientific advance and therapeutic innovation, Renal Tumor offers all physicians treating kidney cancer, as well as researchers, updated information concerning the epidemiology, biology, and treatment of renal cell carcinoma.Contributors to this book are from all over the world and are experts in their individual fields. They have provided reviews about current knowledge in the management of both localized and metastatic renal cell carcinoma, as well as the latest developments in molecular genetics, imaging, and immune dysfunction associated with the diseases. Further special attention is paid to the biology of selected target molecules and various agents that inhibit these targets, including full chapters devoted to pharmaceutical drugs that selectively inhibit receptor tyrosine kinases, such as sunitinib and axitinib. Readers such as urological physicians, researchers, and kidney cancer patients are potential beneficiaries of this book.

This book presents current topics in genetics in the dermatologic field. Various skin disorders are inherited as mendelian inheritance. Genetic skin disorders are caused by mutations in the genes encoding proteins expressing in skin, skin appendages, melanocytes and immune-associated cells. Identification of genes and elucidation of function of the encoded proteins may provide novel strategies to overcome the disorders. We hope that this book offers sufficient current information in each disorder to scientists, physicians and dermatologists, and that novel therapies will be provided to affected individuals via these chapters.

Taking into consideration the outstanding importance of studying and applying the biological means to remove or mitigate the harmful effects of global pollution on the natural environment, as direct consequences of quantitative expansion and qualitative diversification of persistent and hazardous contaminants, the present book provides useful information regarding New Approaches and Prospective Applications in Environmental Biotechnology.This volume contains twelve chapters divided in the following three parts: biotechnology for conversion of organic wastes, biodegradation of hazardous contaminants and, finally, biotechnological procedures for environmental protection. Each chapter provides detailed information regarding scientific experiments that were carried out in different parts of the world to test different procedures and methods designed to remove or mitigate the impact of hazardous pollutants on environment.The book is addressed to researchers and students with specialties in biotechnology, bioengineering, ecotoxicology, environmental engineering and all those readers who are interested to improve their knowledge in order to keep the Earth healthy.

Gene therapy has the potential to be a tailor-made therapeutic with increased specificity and decreased side effects that can offer a "cure" for many disorders. The aim of this book is to provide up-to-date reviews of the rapidly growing field of gene therapy. Chapters cover a large range of topics including methods of gene delivery, and identification of targets with several papers on cancer gene therapy. If more people become aware of the true nature and potential of gene therapy, perhaps we can achieve the full benefit of such an innovative approach for the treatment of a range of diseases, including cancer.

Angiogenesis is an extension process of the cardiovascular network within human body. It is usually triggered by the demand of oxygen and nutrients from the fast growing tissue and uncontrollably dividing cells, as seen during wound healing and tumor progression. This book focuses on tumor angiogenesis and includes 8 chapters written by highly experienced scholars from five different countries. It is the goal of this book to provide readers with an update on the molecular and cellular mechanisms of this biological process and hopefully to point out some new research directions for future therapeutic adventure.

This book describes the evidence behind the application of Therapeutic Hypothermia on patients with injury to the brain and spinal cord, that includes ischemia reperfusion after cardiac arrest or asphyxiation, traumatic brain injury, acute ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, refractory intracranial hypertension, cerebral edema in acute liver failure, subarachnoid hemorrhage, as well as spinal cord injury. This book discusses the mechanisms by which therapeutic hypothermia can mitigate the pathophysiologies responsible for secondary brain injury, and provides information to help guide this treatment with regard to timing, depth, duration, and management of side-effects. The book also discusses the methods and technologies used to induce and maintain therapeutic hypothermia. It also describes how hypothermia can influence the ability to prognosticate these injured patients and provides grounds for future directions in the application of and research with therapeutic hypothermia.

Recrystallization is a phenomenon moderately well documented in the geological and metallurgical literature. This book provides a timely overview of the latest research and methods in a variety of fields where recrystallization is studied and is an important factor. The main advantage of a new look at these fields is the rapid increase in modern techniques, such as TEM, spectrometers and modeling capabilities, all of which are providing us with far better images and analysis than ever previously possible. This book will be invaluable to a wide range of research scientists; metallurgists looking to improve properties of alloys, those interested in how the latest equipment may be used to image grains and to all those who work with frozen aqueous solutions where recrystallization may be a problem.

This book contains 20 chapters about the impact, environmental fate, modes of action, efficacy, and non-target effects of insecticides. The chapters are divided into 7 parts. Part 1 covers the non-target effects of insecticides, whereas part 2 is dedicated to integrated methods for pest control, in which insecticides are an important element for diminishing the populations of insect pests. Part 3 includes chapters about the non-chemical alternatives to insecticides, such as metabolic stress and plant extracts. Insecticides and human health are the main topic of part 4, and the interactions between insecticides and environment are discussed in part 5. Part 6 includes the chapters about insecticides against pests of urban areas, forests and farm animals, whereas biotechnology and other advances in pest control are discussed in part 7.

Mood disorders are a crucial group of mental disorders that last for a life time, cause psychosocial dysfunction, disrupts interpersonal relationships and are overall highly restrictive. The facts that mood disorders are seen as high as 3-5% of the society and 70% of the patients' first psychiatric application puts forward that they are not well known show that these are a serious type of mental illness. The average time to make the right diagnose is reported as 10 years. The delays in diagnose and beginning of treatment lays a heavy burden on the patient, their relatives and society in general. After the diagnose begins the process of selecting the right treatment method of each individual which is of high importance as to enable the patient go through their treatment period without mental exhaustion. Protecting treatment planning and management in long term treatments are significant for the control of the disorder. Difficulties are frequently experience during diagnose, treatment and follow up for mood disorders. Professional constantly seek for innovations to resolve these issues in treating mood disorders.In this context, we hope that this book will become an important resource of some new researches for clinicians.

This book "New Insights into Toxicity and Drug Testing" covers all emerging technologies (profiling technologies, 3D cultures, next generation sequencing etc.), available methods and models to evaluate candidate drugs and medicinal plants with reference to toxicity, drug testing and development. This book is an original contribution of experts from different parts of the globe and the in-depth information will be a significant resource for scientists and physicians who are directly dealing with drugs / medicines and human life.

Besides new methods of generating energy, the storage of that energy is a highly important topic, with new technologies in great demand. This book offers readers a range of potential options, maximizing the possibility for success. Several chapters offer overviews of the future of such systems and estimations of their feasibility. Forms of energy storage covered include electrochemical, compressed air and flywheel systems. Other techniques addressed are the use of single- and double-switch cell voltage equalizers and hybrid energy storage and applications. Dynamic energy storage methods are also covered by two chapters. Finally, there are contributions on a low-voltage DC system with storage and distributed generation interfaced systems, and the in-situ dynamic characterization of energy storage and conversion systems.

Carcinogenesis covers molecular, biochemical and cellular processes that underpin this field. The complex nature of cancer means that a broad understanding of these processes is advantageous when designing novel preventative, therapeutic or diagnostic strategies. This book commences with chapters discussing cancer predisposition and pre-cancerous lesions. Factors that initiate or progress cancer development, including viral, hormonal, oncogenic and biochemical stimuli are then described, as are interactions with the cancer extracellular environment. Animal models are particularly useful for evaluating therapeutic or chemopreventive agents and examples are presented. Finally, natural products that ether prevent or treat cancer are described. Together these topics will provide the reader with examples of the latest cutting edge research and discoveries, with the goal of stimulating further advances.

Fiber Reinforced Polymers are by no means new to this world. It is only because of our fascination with petrochemical and non-petrochemical products that these wonderful materials exist. In fact, the polymers can be considered and used in the construction and construction repair. The petrochemical polymers are of low cost and are used more that natural materials. The Fiber Reinforced Polymers research is currently increasing and entails a quickly expanding field due to the vast range of both traditional and special applications in accordance to their characteristics and properties. Fiber Reinforced Polymers are related to the improvement of environmental parameters, consist of important areas of research demonstrating high potential and particularly great interest, as civil construction and concrete repair.

The fundamental treatment and management goals in diabetes mellitus are to control and normalize blood glucose levels and to prevent diabetic complications. It also includes maintaining normal growth and development and normal body weight. Proper diet, regular exercise, weight control and different therapeutic agents are the mainstays of diabetic care and management. Weight reduction and exercise have been shown to improve tissue sensitivity to insulin and allow its proper use by target tissues. It is obvious that medical management and goals of therapy for diabetes mellitus have changed since the publication of the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial in 1993. Recent studies have shown that the risk of developing retinopathy can decrease by 76% in properly managed diabetic patients when compared to control group and that clinical and laboratory signs and symptoms of nephropathy and neuropathy can also decrease by 54 to 60%. Modern approaches to the management of diabetes mellitus embrace holistic options and this book addressed various approaches in the management of diabetes mellitus.

Ultra-Wideband Radio (UWB) earmarks a new radio access philosophy and exploits several GHz of bandwidth. It promises high data rate communication over short distances as well as innovative radar sensing and localization applications with unprecedented resolution. Fields of application may be found, among others, in industry, civil engineering, surveillance and exploration, for security and safety measures, and even for medicine. The book considers the basics and algorithms as well as hardware and application issues in the field of UWB radio technology for communications, localization and sensing based on the outcome of DFG's priority-funding program "Ultra-Wideband Radio Technologies for Communications, Localization and Sensor Applications (UKoLoS)".

Concerns with ionic liquids are one of the most interesting and rapidly developing areas in modern physical chemistry, materials science, technologies, and engineering. Increasing attention has also been paid to the use of ionic liquids in the research fields of biological aspects and natural resources. This book provides the forum for dissemination and exchange of up-to-date scientific information on theoretical, generic, and applied areas of ionic liquids. It, therefore, tends to review recent progresses in ionic liquid research on fundamental properties, solvents and catalysts in organic reactions, biological applications, providing energies and fuels, biomass conversions, functional materials, and other applications. I trust that this book will provide an active source of information for research in ionic liquid science and engineering.

Prostate cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in men and its treatment was constricted to surgery for confined state and androgen ablation for advanced disease until new options have become available. The present book covers a broad range of novel aspects of prostate cancer diagnosis, treatment and patient care, as well as new research on relevant cell biology. In detail, this special volume focusses on supportive modalities for prostate cancer patients, appropriate selection of novel therapeutic regimens, including inhibitors of steroidal synthesis, cytotoxic agents, as well as intermittent androgen suppression and the roles of prostate cancer stem cells and inflammatory processes.

Encephalitises are a group of inflammatory human and animal diseases of brain caused essentially by different pathogens. In spite of evident success in approaches for prevention, diagnostics and treatment during the last decades, the encephalitises of different etiology still constitute a menace for thousands of people all around the world. In this book the different aspects of encephalitises of different etiology are discussed such as diagnostics, treatment and clinical management of patients. Also, the data on epidemiology, monitoring, pathology and diagnostics of different viral causative agents are discussed.

The invariable motif for analog design is to explore the new circuit topologies, architectures and CAD technologies to overcome the design challenges coming from the new applications and new fabrication technologies.In this book, a new architecture for a SAR ADC is proposed to eliminate the process mismatches and minimize the errors. A collection of DG-MOSFET based analog/RFICs present the excellent performance; the automated system for a passive filter circuits design is presented with the local searching engaging; interval analysis is used to solve some problems for linear and nonlinear analog circuits and a symbolic method is proposed to solve the testability problem.

Recently statistical knowledge has become an important requirement and occupies a prominent position in the exercise of various professions. In the real world, the processes have a large volume of data and are naturally multivariate and as such, require a proper treatment. For these conditions it is difficult or practically impossible to use methods of univariate statistics. The wide application of multivariate techniques and the need to spread them more fully in the academic and the business justify the creation of this book. The objective is to demonstrate interdisciplinary applications to identify patterns, trends, association sand dependencies, in the areas of Management, Engineering and Sciences. The book is addressed to both practicing professionals and researchers in the field.

Emerging imaging modalities continuously increase the diagnostic sensitivityand accuracy of neuroimaging, and have transformed diagnostic radiology into apowerful research and clinical tool. Various novel neuroimaging modalities havebecome of paramount importance, not only in establishing diagnosis but also inguiding surgical intervention, and in evaluating the treatment effect. Advanced MRbased techniques such as Fractional Anisotropy, Diffusion Tensor Imaging, ProtonSpectroscopy, and task-generated as well as resting-state functional MRI have tremendously increased the power of the modern neuroscientist's armamentarium.The employment of advanced neuroimaging techniques have been expanded in thescientific fields of neuropsychology, consumer's psychology, and forensic medicine.Our current textbook presents exactly a collection of such innovative work, andexplores new frontiers, and future applications of neuroimaging