Bøger udgivet af IntechOpen

River deltas are among the most sensitive and widely exploited territories habitats on Earth. Although predominantly shallow aquatic environments, river deltas are extremely important environments socioeconomically and their usage places ever-increasing stresses on these habitats, especially where there is any anthropogenic involvement. The effective governance and administration of river delta regions often requires an intricate scientific understanding of the various contributary natural processes. River Deltas Research - Recent Advances is a book that draws on the most recent world-class scientific research on river delta topics including climate change, water quality, geomorphology, anthropogenic stresses, water quality, sedimentation, ecosystems, and many more. The research was carried out by researchers who specialise in the river deltas and related issues.

This volume presents selected issues in the complex and diverse science of animal husbandry. The use of computer programs provides an opportunity to improve breeding and optimize farm management. At the same time, the use of traditional breeding methods is also of decisive importance. Knowledge of animal welfare and animal wellness is of great help in controlling animal health issues and in economic production. In the biological processes of reproduction of dairy cows, the events of the 100 days after calving are of fundamental importance. Production systems influence the process of product production, in which the relationship between animal products and human health goes far beyond animal husbandry, and to which the issue of greenhouse gases is also connected. The quality of manufactured meat products is influenced by both on-farm and off-farm factors, but good meat cannot be produced from low-quality animals, even with excellent slaughterhouse work. Background knowledge of animal health ¿ including the microbiome in the digestive tract, which makes use of the feed ¿ makes this activity more effective, which is of particular importance in the case of broiler chickens. Knowing the behavioural characteristics of animals (rams) enables better management. Many horse breeds are capable of artificial gaits as a result of breeding and selection processes. Comparative knowledge of the movements of these horse breeds also helps to understand their differences. The quality of life of animals and the quality of manufactured products are also affected by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from the environment, which, being stored and enriched in fat-containing tissues, can also have adverse effects on the human consumer. Each topic presented not only offers specialist knowledge but makes interesting reading in its own right.

This book provides a comprehensive overview of remote sensing and its various applications. In remote sensing applications, various sensors that begin as both active and passive sensors are used. Active remote sensing transmits electromagnetic radiation that is both emitted and reflected, in contrast to passive remote sensing, which merely measures electromagnetic radiation that is reflected from the target. This book includes nine chapters that examine remote sensing for detecting ice, tracking and monitoring deforestation, identifying crop regions infected with disease, mineral and geological mapping, and much more.

The book deals with next-generation entrepreneurship and aims to answer the questions of in which ways, how, through which focal directions, and by which means will next-generation entrepreneurship emerge and shape the market processes. Under this broad overview, the book is sub-divided into three sections: ¿Entrepreneurship Education and Young Perspectives¿, ¿New Challenges for Entrepreneurship¿, and ¿Shaping the Next Generation of Entrepreneurship¿. The book balances empirical evidence with conceptual contributions.

Iron is an essential element for numerous fundamental biologic processes. Iron-containing proteins are required for vital cellular and organismal functions including oxygen transport, mitochondrial respiration, intermediary and xenobiotic metabolism, nucleic acid replication and repair, host defense, and cell signaling. However, excess iron is toxic. This book provides a comprehensive overview of the essential role of iron in biology, the regulation of systemic and cellular iron homeostasis, and how imbalances in iron homeostasis contribute to disease.

Mining is essential for extracting natural resources. However, it is costly, potentially dangerous if poorly managed, and is perceived by some to be an environmentally unfriendly process. This book provides a comprehensive overview of mining technology with case examples and research. Chapters discuss a diversity of topics, including sonic drilling, quality assessment of rock bolts, block cave mine ventilation, microwave radar surveillance, safety management of tailings, and monitoring radon gas in underground mines.

This book discusses advances in the dairy industry in various parts of the world. It is divided into four sections on ¿Dairy Technology¿, ¿Reproductive Biotechnology¿, ¿Entrepreneurship Development¿, and ¿Sustainable Development¿. Chapters address such topics as regional dairy breeds, farming innovations, mineral nutrition, folliculogenesis, fertility in dairy cows, milk hygiene, and much more.

This book provides in-depth insights into the diversity of actinobacteria, their various medical aspects, and their biotechnological applications. It is aimed at graduate students and researchers working with actinobacteria who need to know about recent advances in their research fields. The book, which is divided into four sections, contains 13 chapters that review the most recent methods, discuss various applications of actinobacteria, introduce some interesting results, and explore future prospects for the topics covered.

This comprehensive multidisciplinary book discusses skull base surgery. Due to complex anatomy and important functional structures, there are specific conditions for surgical procedures at the skull base. Chapters address the specifics, intricacies, and applications of different surgical techniques and approaches for each type of skull base tumor pathology. It is designed for neurosurgeons who are interested in learning more about skull base surgery and implementing its different methods and techniques into their practices.

This Edited Volume Alzheimer¿s Disease is a collection of reviewed and relevant research chapters, offering a comprehensive overview of recent developments in the field. The book comprises single chapters authored by various researchers and edited by an expert in the field, working on Alzheimer¿s disease and dementia with cutting-edge technology. All chapters are complete in themselves but united under a common research study topic. This publication aims at providing a thorough overview of the latest research efforts by international authors in this research area, and opening new possible research paths for further novel developments.

Exercise physiology is one of the most researched sports sciences, with practical implications for health, well-being and sports performance. This book brings together emerging research in this area, presenting the main findings and criticisms, as well as considering the future of exercise physiology.

Protective forests are a key component to reduce natural hazard risks in mountain areas by preventing or decreasing the frequency, magnitude and/or intensity of snow avalanches, rockfall, landslides, floods, and debris flows. This book summarizes the state-of-the-art knowledge and introduces methods and decision support tools to facilitate the use of protective forests for Ecosystem-based Disaster Risk Reduction (Eco-DRR) as part of an integrated risk management in the Alpine Space. Moreover, it highlights how translating scientific knowledge into practical solutions can only be achieved by an active and iterative exchange with practitioners and policy makers, and a common understanding of applied concepts and definitions. Only then can protective forests be managed sustainably under constantly changing climate and socio-economic conditions.

This book highlights recent advances in the pathogenicity, mycotoxin-producing ability, and industrial application of members belonging to the genus Aspergillus. It is divided into two sections and six chapters that address different aspects and the importance of Aspergilli in relation to Aspergillus¿human interactions, immunopathogenesis of invasive aspergillosis, the role of aflatoxin in Aspergillus flavus resilience to stress, mycovirus-containing A. flavus and carcinogenesis beyond mycotoxin production, and industrial application of Aspergillus species in conjunction to nanoparticle synthesis. This book brings readers several cutting-edge aspects of Aspergillus research with useful information for mycologists, microbiologists, toxicologists, plant pathologists, and pharmacologists, who may be interested in understanding the impact, significance, and recent advances within the genus Aspergillus that have not been critically noticed elsewhere.

The book discusses scientific, technical, and sociological aspects of sustainable agricultural value chains, focusing on coffee and tea production. The book advocates a value-chain strategy and highlights the importance of tracking the effects of climate change. Increasing the amount of value-added products via irrigation is critical to combating climate change and achieving sustainable development. Furthermore, blockchain technology has the potential to transform agricultural business models and supply chain networks.

This book provides well-balanced coverage of computational fluid dynamics analysis for thermal and flow characteristics of various thermal and flow systems. It presents the latest research work to provide insight into modern thermal engineering applications. It also discusses enhanced heat transfer and flow characteristics.

Global energy demand is expected to grow 47% by 2050, with oil remaining the number one source of energy. Renewables make up 27% of the global energy mix, as predicted by the International Energy Agency (IEA). To achieve IEA¿s 2050 Net Zero targets, the electricity sector needs to reduce global emissions by nearly three-quarters. Even though renewables installations are expanding quickly, there is not enough to satisfy a strong rebound in global electricity demand. This will result in a sharp rise in the use of fossil fuel electricity generation that risks pushing carbon dioxide emissions. This book presents a comprehensive overview of energy efficiency, alternative energy resources, and process optimization for future sustainability.

This book presents a comprehensive overview of gravity and gravitational fields. The eight chapters are presented in two sections. Chapters in the first section address such topics as the theory of gravity, transient gravitational forces, the nature of our temporal universe, and photo-gravitational celestial mechanics. Chapters in the second section discuss how to create a gravity survey, analyze data collected by satellites and on the ground, and present visualizations of several field cases around the world.

This edited volume Art and Challenges Involved in the Treatment of Ischemic Damage is a collection of reviewed and relevant research chapters, offering a comprehensive overview of recent developments in this specific field. The book comprises single chapters authored by various researchers and edited by an expert active in the research area. All chapters are complete in themselves but united under a common research study topic. This publication aims at providing a thorough overview of the latest research efforts by international authors and experts in the field of study and at opening new possible research paths for further novel developments.

The studies in this book focus on factors that challenge the developmental paths of adolescents. The themes are: online experience (i.e., the overuse of screens, the proliferation of inappropriate videos, or parental pressures for children to remain always connected), the difficulties of pandemic times (i.e., coping with anxiety or illness), and two conditions of great fragility (that of being a migrant refugee minor, or an adolescent with severe mental disorder). These topics illustrate the multiple adolescent development pathways that inspire the plural title of the volume: Adolescences. Each author suggests protective factors (personal, family, educational, and friendship-related) that can contribute to promoting a healthy developmental outcome.

Knowledge of veterinary anatomy and physiology is essential for veterinary students, professionals, and researchers, as well as animal owners who wish to gain greater levels of understanding. This book reflects the diverse and dynamic research being undertaken on a variety of different species worldwide. It includes four sections and twelve chapters that address a myriad of topics, ranging from animal cardiovascular and musculoskeletal systems to pathology and infections, and immunity. Chapters present recent research on animals ranging from primates to horses and cattle.

Trust has always been complicated. This book works to examine aspects and theories of trust. Chapters look at trust in the workplace. It considers types of leadership and how that influences the trust of employees. As workplaces and societies become more diverse, there can be an impact on trust. Many times, individuals will have implicit biases that can influence their perception of others and their ability to trust. Trust has also become more complicated with the advent of the internet. We can now connect with more ideas and individuals. Yet, is the person who communicates back with us real? Is it someone with a fake account or maybe not even a person at all, but a robot? Even though trust is complicated and we can sometimes be taken advantage of, we still need to find ways to trust others in our lives. Trust allows us to develop a community. We have always needed the community to be safe, both physically and emotionally. This book allows you to connect with new ideas and aspects of trust.

Structural vibration control is designed to suppress and control any unfavorable vibration due to dynamic forces that could alter the performance of the structure. Although many vibration control schemes have been investigated so far, additional questions involving their practical application remain to be studied. This book provides the reader with a comprehensive overview of the state of the art in vibration control and safety of structures, in the form of an easy-to-follow, article-based presentation that focuses on selected major developments in this critically important area.

This book is based on the concept that optimization, as the core engineering practice, is a bridge to relate the given problem constraints to an acceptable level of uncertainties for the corresponding solution. Over two sections, this book addresses optimization techniques and parameters for engineering problems, corresponding uncertainties in engineering optimization solutions and methods to manage them, and managing uncertainties to support environmental pollution prevention and control.

Spatial audio is a dynamic and rapidly evolving field, as it is closely linked to advances in computer technology and digital signal processing. The democratization of virtual reality hardware available as consumer devices has moved the field further out of traditional laboratory research, and directly into applied research targeting a wide range of consumers. Advances in Fundamental and Applied Research on Spatial Audio presents a collection of eight peer-reviewed chapters on this exciting area of research. The contributions are organized into three sections: ¿Acoustic Methodology¿, ¿Perception¿, and ¿Applications¿, and cover a range of topics, addressing both headphone- and loudspeaker-based reproductions, offering both methodological overviews and specific case studies.

Developments in the field of technology along with the Covid-19 pandemic have caused many significant changes and transformations in this century. As such, countries need individuals equipped with 21st-century skills. This requires schools to consider the challenges faced by both students and teachers and develop educational programs to train qualified individuals who can respond to the developments in this century and the future. This book discusses the challenges, advances, and applications in the professional development of teachers and other educators at all academic levels.

Emerging Technologies in Hydraulic Fracturing and Gas Flow Modelling features the latest strategies for exploiting depleted and unconventional petroleum rock formations as well as simulating associated gas flow mechanisms. The book covers a broad range of multivarious stimulation methods currently applied in practice. It introduces new stimulation techniques including a comprehensive description of interactions between formation/hydraulic fracturing fluids and the host rock material. It provides further insight into practices aimed at advancing the operation of hydrocarbon reservoirs and can be used either as a standalone resource or in combination with other related literature. The book can serve as a propaedeutic resource and is appropriate for those seeking rudimentary information on the exploitation of ultra-impermeable oil and gas reservoirs. Professionals and researchers in the field of petroleum, civil, oil and gas, geotechnical and geological engineering who are interested in the production of unconventional petroleum resources as well as students undertaking studies in similar subject areas will find this to be an instructional reference.

The effective governance and administration of many aquatic environments requires a detailed understanding of sediment transport and behavioral dynamics. This has both environmental and economic implications, especially where there is any anthropogenic involvement. Sediment Transport - Recent Advances examines sediment transport-related issues in estuarial, coastal, or freshwater environments as well as non-intrusive seismic monitoring of fluid mud, sediment removal from oil storage tanks, and formulae of sediment transport in both unsteady and steady flows.

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a systemic vasculitis that affects medium- to large-size arteries in which an inflammatory reaction destroys the media of the artery wall with the fragmentation of the elastic lamina, which can result in acute vision loss if not treated in a timely manner. The other common visual symptoms may include diplopia due to cranial nerve palsies and transient visual loss. This book provides a comprehensive overview of GCA, with chapters on epidemiology, cellular and molecular characteristics of the disease, extra-cranial involvement of GCA, medical imaging, and much more.

Magnetosphere and Solar Winds, Humans and Communication consists of ten chapters organized into two sections. The first section presents a full description of the magnetosphere and its effect on the solar wind, climatic modes, the Polar Cap index in relation to magnetosphere disturbances (substorms and magnetic storms), recent developments and challenges in developed ionosphere models, and more. The second section discusses solar flux, solar proton activity over the solar cycle, temporal variation of the sun¿s activity, and macroscopic scales of spin.