Bøger udgivet af Irfan

Suicide and self-injury are prominent issues among college students (Pristorello, Fruzzeetti, MacLane, Gallop, & Iverson, 2012). This manuscript seeks to explore the primary research question: Does mindfulness serve as a moderating factor for the relationship between recent self- injury and recent suicide attempts among college students? Data collected in 2011 by the National Research Consortium of Counseling Centers in Higher Education was used for the current study. The 2011 study yielded a sample of 26,292 college students from 75 different 4- year universities across the United States. Participants completed a 79-item survey, which included the Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale-Revised (CAMS-R), demographic variables, and items related to suicide-related behaviors. Multi-level modeling was utilized to explore the main research question, using mindfulness, self-injury, and demographic variables on the individual level, and participants' schools on the second level of the model to account for any clustering of the data. Results indicate that self-injury (X² = 2167.26, p

People use heuristics, even though these produce wrong answers to problems. The present research tested an explanation for this seemingly irrational phenomenon. People use heuristics to preserve mental energy and avoid self-regulatory failures that occur when one's mental resources become depleted (i.e., ego depletion). Three studies tested different hypotheses derived from this model. Study 1 found that people assigned to complete a depleting task (compared to an easy, non-depleting task) subsequently used more heuristics to solve word problems. Study 2 found that people assigned to use intuition (rather than controlled thinking) to solve the same set of problems were more likely to use heuristics to solve the problems. Crucially, using intuition also improved performance on a subsequent self-control task (the Stroop test). Study 3 found that people who merely anticipated a future effortful task (compared to anticipating no future task) were more likely to use heuristics to solve the problems currently in front of them. People high in trait self-control were especially likely to use heuristics in this apparently strategic manner. Surprisingly, however, people were seemingly unaware that they had adopted the strategy to use heuristics to save energy for the future. Overall, the results supported the idea that one reason for cognitive miserliness is to avoid ego depletion.