Bøger udgivet af Mbuso Mabuza

Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) are being increasingly used in healthcare, and especially in patient education. Although these two technologies are very similar, virtual reality engages users by transposing their virtual avatars into an artificial environment for users to interact with, while augmented reality engages users in the real environment by overlaying virtual elements in the real world.VR is already transforming medical education. VR offers distinct benefits for learners, faculty and the health system. It is helping to free learning from the classroom, allowing learners to apply their knowledge to practise and learn from mistakes. It focuses on improving competencies and places the emphasis on autonomous, blended learning, which is expected from the learners of today.Healthcare and medical staff can use virtual environments to train in everything from surgical procedures to diagnosing a patient. VR training curriculums were created in order to allow both training and practising surgeons to a safer operating room experience for their patients. VR can be incorporated into a surgeon's preoperative planning, utilised in unison with artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms, to help virtually map a procedure.VR is being incorporated into occupational therapy to help stroke patients recover. VR-based rehabilitation is a proven tool that creates specific scenarios for patients, allowing them to have targeted treatments for their particular recovery level and deficits.Off-shelf virtual reality technology using simple headsets has promise for the prevention and treatment of health conditions, particularly in psychological care. For mental health issues such as dementia, depression and stress management, this technology provides an effective and better solution which enhances patient and creates a positive effect to save the life of the patient.Virtual patients are seen as cost-effective since virtual patients are limiting the effort and expense associated with standardised patient training and can be delivered at low-cost over the internet. There is potential for virtual healthcare to address inequalities in healthcare. It can bridge the gap for marginalised and vulnerable populations living in remote settings by increasing healthcare access for children and families who may otherwise face significant barriers in having their health needs met. The main challenges of developing virtual patents are legal and technical.With augmented reality (AR), there is no created scenario; instead, an actual event is being altered in real-time, which has significantly enhanced robotic surgery. AR can work in parallel with a telemanipulation system in order to optimise the visual field of the operating surgeon. AR is currently being utilised to overlay key anatomic landmarks during live surgery to optimise patient safety.This book presents an account of virtual reality and augmented reality and their impact on the healthcare and medical ecosystem in the context of low-, middle- and high-income countries. The book concludes by providing future perspectives and critical reflections on VR and AR in healthcare and medicine. It also highlights the new computational medical extended reality (XR) concept, which unifies the computer science applications of intelligent reality, medical virtual reality, medical augmented reality and spatial computing for medical training, planning and navigation content creation.The book will be invaluable to healthcare and global health professionals, health managers and programmers, health systems leaders, researchers, lecturers in faculties of health sciences, medical students, students in public health and related fields, healthcare organisations, and policymakers.

"Love is a fruit in season at all times, and within reach of every hand. Anyone may gather it and no limit is set." - Mother Teresa of CalcuttaLike what is needed for the practice of any art, the practice of the art of loving needs self-discipline, concentration, and patience. Everyone starts life with high hopes of loving and being loved, knowing and being known, building and being built. This is true not just in a marriage, but also in friendships where there is genuine community, a touching of minds and hearts. But then, for many people, somewhere along the way something goes sour, and more than a few become bewildered, dispirited, defeated, and may be even bitter.The main condition for the achievement of love is the overcoming of one's narcissism. The opposite pole of narcissism is objectivity; it is the faculty to see people and things as they are, objectively, and to be able to separate this objective picture from a picture which is formed by one's desires and fears.Relationships often find their way onto the coaching agenda. That is true, whether you work with individuals or companies. You will get clients who want to have satisfying, fulfilling relationships with other people and are finding it difficult because of conflict with family, partner, friends, or colleagues. Others will be looking for a soul mate, in a relationship that is going through a sticky patch, or getting over one that has failed.Personality predicts how we interact with others, what partners we have, and how happy and lasting our relationships are. At the same time, our experiences in these relationships may affect our personality.It is a myth that if you solve all your problems you will automatically be happy. Your relationship journey is unique. We need to teach couples that they will never solve most of their problems. Conflict is part of a relationship, as long as there is no abusive behaviour.When love lasts, it is not perfect! Love is a journey of continual growth and maturity for all the parties involved. We will hurt others, and others will hurt us. But if you can forgive a fault, love can be restored.Be aware of contempt, criticism, defensiveness, and stonewalling, which are the four main killers of relationships. Persistent contempt (attacking sense of self with intent to insult, or humiliate or discredit, or undermine or hurt or assuming a position of moral superiority) is considered the most destructive of the four killers of relationships. So the key antidote to contempt is expressing your feelings and longings - and expressing them well, creating a path that leads to a culture of appreciation.Evidence shows that both men and women are capable of sustaining intimate partner violence or abusive behaviour by their partners. Mental or emotional abuse, while most common in dating and married relationships, can occur in any relationship including among friends, family members, and co-workers.If you are experiencing any type of abuse, know that you do not deserve to live that way, and reach out for support immediately. Your mental health is a priority for long-term wellbeing!This book discusses the following topics: the art of loving; personality types and love; making the most of your singleness; parenting with emotional intelligence; relationship with parents, in-laws, friends, children, grandchildren, siblings, and other relatives; dealing with challenges in relationships; divorce and its consequences; be aware of abusive behaviour; self-compassion.The book will be of benefit to any person who would like to be empowered about the experience of love in relationship with self and other people.

Health promotion is much more than the absence of disease, and it is also much more than focusing on bringing about behaviour change. It is important to remember that health is a complex issue as it requires collective and organised efforts of multiple stakeholders in society. While this book walks you through health promotion as a new public health concept of preventive action, it also critically reflects on health promotion approaches and methods. It brings into context the different scientific disciplines as enablers and barriers for implementing successful health promoting projects and programmes to improve health and quality of life.Specifically, the intriguing discussions covered in this book are organised in the following chapters: trends and their global impact; the social context of health in today's global societies and the evolution of health promotion as a modern public policy health response; social and societal factors affecting health; theoretical concepts and approaches of health promotion; strategies and methods to work with people: community-oriented approaches applicable to health promotion and empowerment; health public policy; the mass media and health promotion; health needs assessment; programme development and evaluation.This book will be a valuable resource for clinicians, health programmers, policymakers, community leaders, general public, and students in medicine and public health, and related programmes.

This book provides an introduction to epidemiological research and statistical methods covering key concepts and all the main types of epidemiological study. It elicits a critical understanding of the purpose and context of quantitative research including the basis for selecting appropriate research designs from a thorough grounding in the uses and methods of epidemiology; key statistical concepts and techniques needed for the basic analysis of data; critical evaluation of statistical and epidemiological techniques in health research.The book has been designed around a number of core published information dealing with various topics from the United Kingdom, Europe and the low- and middle-income countries. These studies have been chosen to introduce you to a wide range of study methods. The main intriguing aspects of their design provide examples which are used to help you understand the fundamental principles of good research, and to practise these techniques yourself.The topics covered in this book include the following: scientific method and introductory concepts; routine data sources and descriptive epidemiology; surveys; cohort studies; case-control studies; and critical appraisal of research evidence.This book will be an invaluable resource for health professionals, researchers, statisticians, data scientists, health programmers, policymakers, medical students, graduate and postgraduate students in public health and related disciplines.

The aim of this book is to give you a thorough grounding in, and comprehensive overview of the role of public health in the management of disasters, including the requisite preparedness, mitigation, response, and recovery relating to these situations.The first principle of the health care profession is to protect life. Disasters threaten both life and health, and the predicament of people impacted by disaster is irreconcilable with the World Health Organization's definition of health. For health professionals, the objective of disaster management is to decrease the avoidable mortality, morbidity, and disability resulting from disaster, as well as any damage to health facilities and systems. It is broadly acknowledged that expertise in health and nutrition has been making a significant contribution to disaster management for the last three decades.Devastating pandemics such as the COVID-19 have taught us the critical importance of effective pandemic preparedness, the strengthening, resilience and sustainability of health systems. The COVID-19 pandemic left not only patients and the general public with unanswered questions, but also healthcare practitioners and political decision-makers.This book will give you a theoretical awareness of the effects of natural and man-made disasters on society, as well as a detailed foundation in the requirements of public health prior to, during, and after occurrence. Specifically, the following topics are covered in this book: introduction to disasters; mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery; disaster risk management and humanitarian assistance; sudden onset natural disasters; biological hazards - epidemics, epizootics and pests; technological and socioeconomic hazards; food shortages and slow onset natural crises; and food relief.A holistic and critical approach to the disaster cycle/disaster-development continuum may provide a better opportunity to address the root cause of vulnerability, but an uncritical strategy may do more harm than good. The concept of vulnerability or vulnerable groups should not inadvertently create the risk of group discrimination but paying attention to the root causes of the dynamism and vulnerability of certain groups could provide us with lasting solutions for disaster management. Recovery, mitigation and preparedness are essential, but planning, leadership and coordination are crucial to ensure that there is effective and sustainable disaster reduction.Climate change has an influence in extreme weather events resulting in disasters, and this needs urgent interventions in the context of disaster management, while also bearing in mind that there are constraints and challenges with regard to addressing the issue of climate change and its influence on disasters.There needs to be prioritisation of psychological consequences for disaster preparedness and response, while at the same time we also need to be cautious of instrumentalising decisions because managing disaster may be complex, multidimensional and individually unique. The health sector can best contribute to mitigation against and preparation for possible future food shortage crises by influencing political decision-making and facilitating multi-stakeholder partnerships to ensure that there is adequate resource allocation and capacity to address the issue of food shortages.The known strategies and frameworks of mitigation against and preparation for future food shortage crises are all important, but we need to be aware that nutritional concerns in low- and middle-income countries are diverse, and the burden of diseases can complicate the whole picture and create a novelty of food shortage. Early warning systems can be more useful if they are linked to and complemented by timely response mechanisms.

"We must be led by those who have mastery of the skills to mobilize, coordinate and direct broad collaborative actions within the complex public health system. These skills need constant refinement and honing" - South West Public Health Leadership Institute.Whatever the system, plan, strategy, intervention, or procedure, the client's well-being should be the primary consideration. This book on efficacy, effectiveness, and efficiency in the management of health systems, aims to convey a critical understanding on the importance of proper management of health systems so that challenges are prevented or identified and solved in real time, and to eliminate steps or processes that do not add value."Efficacy is getting things done or the capacity to produce a desired amount of the desired effect or success in achieving a given goal". "Efficiency is doing things in the most economical way". "Effectiveness is doing the right things, such as setting targets to achieve an overall goal or the effect". In that context, critical perspectives of the usefulness and limitations of modern managerial methods, health systems management and delivery of health services within them, will be presented. The ultimate goal is to ensure that public health goals and objectives are achieved through effective, efficient, equitable, relevant, responsive, resilient, strengthened, and sustainable health systems, for better health for all. The big questions are: How healthy is the healthy system? What needs to be done to strengthen and sustain the health system? When and how is it going to be done? Who will lead and manage, and how? Who are the key stakeholders, and why? How and when are the key stakeholders going to be meaningfully involved? How long would it take for improvement to be visible in the health system? Who will measure, and how?The discussions are a searching and enlightening freshly packaged critical perspectives on the development, design, delivery, strengths and limitations of modern managerial methods, and evaluation of health systems within various international settings. This book will be of value to leaders, managers, policymakers, healthcare professionals, academic staff, students, and any other person who wants to learn more about effectiveness, efficiency, impact and sustainability of health systems, organisational health, and strategic leadership. Topics covered in this book include: understanding health systems, comparison of health systems, nature and scope of health management, evaluation of health systems and health systems management, organisation and financing of health systems, organisational and management processes within health systems, strategy and strategic thinking, strategic leadership, implementation theory and practice.