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In ""ENVIRONMENTAL DISRUPTIONS: Planet Earth in the Vicious Cycle of Pollution, Global Warming, and Climate Change,"" renowned environmentalist Prof. Vir Singh presents a groundbreaking exploration of the pressing challenges facing our planet.As the world grapples with the consequences of human activities, our environment has become increasingly disrupted. Pollution, global warming, and climate change threaten the delicate balance of Earth's ecosystems, and the urgency to address these issues has never been greater.Drawing on extensive research and his own experiences as an advocate for environmental sustainability, Prof. Singh reveals the intricate web of connections that link our actions to the planet's health. With alarming clarity, he uncovers the devastating consequences of pollution, exposing the far-reaching impact on ecosystems, biodiversity, and human well-being.Through a comprehensive analysis, Prof. Singh unveils the interconnected nature of global warming and climate change, demonstrating how these phenomena exacerbate environmental disruptions and vice versa. From rising sea levels to extreme weather events, he offers a sobering examination of the threats faced by communities worldwide.However, this book is not solely a grim portrayal of our current predicament. Prof. Vir Singh offers practical solutions to the worsening problem of environmental disruptions. He highlights the importance of collective action and technological advancements in combating the vicious cycle we find ourselves in.With the compelling blend of scientific, personal anecdotes, and a hopeful vision, this book serves as a vital resource for graduate and post-graduate students and anyone seeking a deeper understanding of the environmental challenges we face. "Environmental Disruptions" is an urgent wake-up call and rallying cry for us all to take responsibility and work towards a thriving and sustainable future.For everyone concerned about the fate of our planet and seeking the knowledge and inspiration to make a difference, "Environmental Disruptions" is an essential read. Prof. Vir Singh's expertise, compassion, and unwavering dedication make the book a clarion call for urgent action in the face of environmental crisis.

Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L. f. Anacardiaceae) is very important and dollar earning plantation crop. A systematic compilation on various aspects has been covered in this book. It consists the s viz. Introduction; History, origin and geographical distribution; Area, production, productivity, export and import; Soil and climate; Biodiversity and crop improvement; Varieties; Propagation and production of planting material; Morphology and tree characters; Pollination techniques; Establishments of cashew orchard; Mineral nutrition; Training and pruning; Rejuvenation of old orchards; Inter-cropping and cover cropping; Intercultural operation; Maturity, harvesting and yield; Post harvest storage; Marketing of raw nuts; Nutritive value of cashew; Cashew nut processing; Cashew apple processing; Pests and diseases; Economics for cashew cultivation; Future strategies along with references. This book will be helpful to students and teachers of horticulture, agriculture and forestry, scientists, researchers, cashew growers and processors including small scale processing unit holders.

The Sustainable Development Goals endorsed by the United Nations, put great emphasis on moving away from heavy input agricultural system to more eco-friendly and balanced farming. Eco Agriculture or Agro Ecology is the approach capable of producing enough food and accessible food without harming the environment.This book is about moving from 'Know How' to 'Do How' and brings about rich experience in industrial research and farm scale demonstrations in different parts of the world to show the practical aspects of Eco Agriculture. Theory and practice and recent developments in the areas of Bio Fertilizers, Bio Pesticides, and Bio Composts and agro-waste management form important base for Eco Agriculture practices. The global scenario of industrial development and future trends are discussed with much authority because of the extensive experience of the Author. Encouraged by field studies and success stories, the Author - who is President of a leading NGO - The Science Ashram and Chairman of a well-known Agri Bio Tech Company, Gujarat Life Sciences - has discussed the global scenario and emerging trends. His now famous 20:20 model of Eco Agriculture (20% more farm production with more than 20% reduction in input costs in a sustainable manner) emerges out of this. Developments and field experiences in Bio shield, Water use efficiencies, ICT, Rehabilitation post disasters like Earth Quake and Tsunami, Saline Water Agriculture and River Revival Projects, Urban agriculture and their common link for Eco Agriculture Revolution makes the book especially significant. Finally, the Author describes the 'Way Ahead' for Eco Agri Revolution including aspects of Soil and Waters and COP 22. The conviction about the coming Eco Agri Revolution and planning and implementation for a sustainable future are the final thoughts that makes this book extremely valuable the current and future generations.

The global changes warranted fastness in food production system and fast foods. In tune with demand, crop production also oriented accordingly. However, the proverb 'Health is a Wealth' is reminded us to keep vigil on system and method of food production and food safety. The ill-effect of conventional chemical based farming well documented and public realized the importance organically produced food and efforts are being made to popularize the organic production. India is a "Land of Spices", each state or union territory in India cultivates one or other spice. Since spices form a part of many medicines the demand for organically produced spices is increasing considerably. Assuming a market growth of 10% in Europe, USA and Japan for organic spice products the world demand for organic spices may grow to 57000 tonnes in the next 10 yeaLarge scale use of high analysis fertilizers and pesticides result environmental hazards and imbalances in soil nutrients. Since spices are high valued and export oriented in nature it is imperative to keep the levels of pesticide residues below tolerance limits in view of the standards set by the importing countries. Hence the book on "Organic Spices" is timely and covers all aspects of organic spice production. The topic includes historical spice trade and importance of spices in food chain. Brief account on organic agriculture movement in the world and its present status and opportunity for organic spices in the world market are given. The chemistry and different methods of composting are included in the organic manures will be informative. Microbes play a greater role in agriculture, a separate devoted on microbes and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria would definitely enrich the readeNot only that, the topics on biological control of insect pests, nematodes, fungus and bacteria of spices highlighted in separate s would be of interest in organic production system. The importance, composition, uses, botany and varieties, organic way of production of spices like black pepper, cardamom, ginger, turmeric, chillies and paprika, nutmeg, vanilla, seed spices like cumin, fennel, fenugreek, coriander and their harvest and post harvest processing are enumerated. The s on good agricultural practices (GAP) and organic certification procedures outlined for adoption. This would serve as a reference book for researchers, teachers and students besides farmers, traders and consumers.

The book has been divided into six chapters. The first chapter â¿¿Introduction to remote sensingâ¿? in this chapter we have given basics knowledge of remote sensing, it include the definition, history of the satellite systems, electromagnetic spectrum and resolutions etc. The second chapter of â¿¿Aerial Remote Sensingâ¿? deals with elements, interpretation, types of photo and measurements. The third chapter represents the â¿¿Satellite remote sensingâ¿?. The fourth chapter analysed â¿¿Global Positioning Systemâ¿?, it include the GPS procedure, types and developments. The fifth chapter is â¿¿Introduction to Geographical Information Systemâ¿? and covered basics information about GIS. The sixth chapter included applications of remote sensing, geographical information system and Global positioning systems. This book is very useful to bachelor, post graduates' degree of geography and research scholars can get the some ideas and knowledge about the Geospatial Technologies. This book is prepared with very basic and common information. Geographic knowledge of these technologies will provide students with the skills needed to meet the demands of their diverse careers in the global workplace.

Due to unprecedented growth in population and the resultant massive mining of energy resources, especially the non-renewable resources and also water resources, these resources have gradually become scarce commodities. Hence the geoscientists and the technocrats from all over the world have embarked into many fold research programmes for locating newer reservoirs of these resources and also to develop models to conserve and sustainably exploit them. As this involves the total understanding of the rock types, tectonic architecture, geomorphology and reservoir conditions, the Geomatics technology comprising Remote Sensing, Geographic Information System (GIS), etc have been found to be vital tools in the inventory and management of these resources; While the former due to its synoptivity, multispectral nature and repeativity and the latter by virtue of its capability to store, manipulate and model huge volume of spatial and non-spatial data. Divergent geological provinces and processes are brought out deserving concepts and methods on geology, 3D visualization of subsurface lineaments, SRTM based lineament mapping, spatio-linear modeling of hard rock aquifer systems, 3D visualization of oil bearing structures, etc., both as field geologists and as researchers.

Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is one of the ancient fruits associated with several human cultures of the world. Its nutritional, therapeutic and ornamental values were known to humans since antiquity. Although pomegranate is an ancient fruit plant, it has gained commercial significance recently. In the present text, proven technologies and procedure for export have largely been complied for the end-users. The book has six broad chapters, with major focus on production technology, integrated disease and insect pest management (IDIPM), post harvest management and procedure for export of pomegranate. This publication will benefit the pomegranate growers, researchers, students, extension workers, processors, exporters, various developmental agencies and other stake holders involved in the promotion of the pomegranate industry in India.

Harvesting Hope: The Ultimate Guide for Establishing a Sustainable Farmers Producer Organization is a must-read for anyone interested in the concept and status of producer companies. The book is designed to provide a clear understanding of the classification of FPOs, related theories, and the current status of FPOs in India. It is an excellent resource for researchers, academicians, policy makers, students, farmers, and anyone interested in the development of sustainable farming practices.This book provides a clear understanding of the concept and status of Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs) for researchers, policy makers, students, farmers, and others. It covers FPO classification, related theories, promotion guidelines, and success stories. It also offers advice on sustainability, business planning, and better functioning strategies. One of the unique features of this book is the inclusion of FAQs on Farmer Producer Company/ Farmer Producer Organisations. This section clarifies the answers to general questions about FPOs, making it easier for readers to understand the key concepts and principles behind them. It is a must-read for those interested in FPOs and their potential.

UN declaration on sustainable goals on 2015, 17 by count, to be achieved by 2030, certainly focuses on ensuring well-being of people, especially of rural populace reeling under faster marginalization process. That is why and how the issues of ensuring happiness has earned that much of importance. The happiness for deprived class is attainable by ensuring a dedicated income, health and hygiene, minimal level of learning and social security. Happiness is the most adored goal for everyone on this planet and unquestionably every farmer in India. Farmers are wrongly portrayed as a human machine for producing food against some wages or income. Both wages and income are so uncertain for a small and marginal farmer, a happy return remains illusory and a faraway dream per se. The main problem of Indian farming is that they are under increasing stress for every consecutive month or year they have to survive with a market which is uncertain and income which fragile and wage which goes undulating. Globally on happiness-index India's position is just close to the lowest one. In this book, the conceptual heterodoxy of happiness has been well examined. Both the physical and mental well-being of the farmers are extremely important for augmenting and sustaining our food security and economic growth. The book creation has been extremely fascinating and voyaging to explore the cause and consequences of unhappiness of farmers, the most neglected humanity, who are supposed to save us from hunger and famine. Huge no of farmers' respondents, perhaps for the first time in agricultural extension in India, to examine how happy they are! The book has got a splendid combination of mind-mathematics-motivation as reflected through a plethora of hard evidences.

The book â¿¿Climate Change and Agricultural Food Production: Impacts, Vulnerabilities and Remedies' provides an overview of climate change impacts on all agricultural food producing sectors (agriculture, livestock and fisheries), food contamination, and food safety (microbial pathogens, toxic biological & toxic chemical contaminants), food security and climate change adaptation and mitigation measures to counteract or minimise or reduce the effects of climate change on agriculture, livestock and fisheries. It reviews and summarizes research results, data and information from the world including Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, Latin America, North America, Polar Regions and Small Island Nations. The book has been structured as textbook, reference book and extension book and written in simple and plain English with key facts and acronyms and glossary provided in each with tables and figures to benefit a wide range of readeThe key data and information provided in each are highlighted below:

POST HARVEST TECHNOLOGIES FOR COMMERCIAL FLORICULTURE: Commercial floriculture, which encompasses production and trade of cut flowers, foliage plants, potted plants, landscape plants, bedding plants, seed production, dried flowers and plant parts, perfumes and essential oils and natural dyes, is an emerging area in the present scenario and has been identified as one of the possible areas for diversification into a viable agri-business option. Among various aspects of floriculture, the essential oil, dried flower and cut flower industries are emerging as powerful engines for economic growth. The present work is aimed to bring out comprehensive information on relevance of post harvest technology in commercial aspects of floriculture. The book contains s giving exhausted material on quality control and standardization in the perfume and essential oils and techniques that are employed for analysis of essential oils with information on chemical constituents and sensory evaluation of essential oils. Processing techniques and quality attributes are discussed in detail. It also gives description of ornamental and aromatic plants which are sources of fragrances. Processing and preservation techniques of flowers along with using their various parts for value addition has been discusses in full detail. Evaluation of quality factors for floricultural crops gives detail information on various pre-harvest, harvest and post-harvest factors affecting the quality of floriculture crops mainly cut flowe

Organic Farming presents basic principles and practices of organic farming. The chapters systematically cover- 1. Concepts and relevance of organic farming 2. Organic production requirement 3. Biological intensive nutrient management 4. Integrated pests, disease and weed management 5. Quality control standards and certification 6. Organic market opportunities 7. Frequently asked questions and answers: This book fulfils the needs of students studying in agricultural colleges and universities and a standing guidance to the teachers for teaching organic farming in the new concept of agriculture education and development.

The Asian "Mega Tsunami" (2004) has struck most of the territorial nations of South Asia including the East Coast of India. The NRDMS Division, Department  of Science and Technology, Government of India, New Delhi, has conceived and executed on All India Co-ordinated Programme on "Tsunami Disaster Assessment and Mitigation" through various institutions of expertise on Geomatics in Earth System Dynamics and the related natural disasters. The Geomatics technology which includes Arial Photography, Photogrammetry, Satellite Remote Sensing, Digital Image Processing, GPS Surveys, GIS modeling etc. was used in this programme, geo-spatial data bases were created on Tsunami disasters over Natural, Physical and Human Resources and futuristic mitigation strategies were evolved there from. The book illuminates the results of the studies carried out along the Indian Coast and a bird's eye view on the tsunami studies in Norway.   In addition, some special papers on the role of mangroves as Tsunami mitigator, Impacts o Tsunami over marine water quality, coral ecosystem etc; the administrator's experience over the tsunami crisis management, NGO's perspective, certain societal issues triggered by the killer Tsunami and citizen's perspective, etc. also find a place in this volume.

This text book entitled "Aquaculture Machineries and Equipments " has been prepared to meet the requirement of undergraduate and post graduate students of Fisheries Engineering/Aquacultural Engineering. There is no specific text book or practical manual available for this subject to cover many of the topics. Therefore, interested persons and students are feeling worried to have a basic idea to different machineries and equipment's used and also its optimized usage conditions.The design and management of these machineries and systems is based on their production goals and the economics of the farming operation. Relevant topics were discussed explicitly using suitable examples. The text book can also be used by researchers and persons involved in developing machineries in the field of Aquaculture Engineering

Good management practices (GMP) address environmental, economic and social sustainability for on-farm processes and result in safe and quality food and nonfood agricultural products. In recent years, the concept of GMP has evolved to address the concerns of different stakeholders about food production and security, food safety and quality, and the environmental sustainability of agriculture. The diverse challenges and constraints as growing population, increasing food, feed and fodder needs, natural resource degradation, climate change, new parasites, slow growth in farm income and new global trade regulations demand a paradigm shift in formulating and implementing the agricultural research programmes. The present edition of the book related to Good management practices for fruit and vegetable crops is an endeavor to provide an insight to the ground realities and consequently proven technologies that needs to be popularized. The book will try to address the major issues of Good management practices in horticultural crops and disseminate the technologies developed.

The book has been written in a very simple and easily understandable language. The information given in this book is based on systematically and scientifically designed field and laboratory experiments conducted in various ecological zones. It is believed that this book will serve the scientific society in a variety of ways. Undergraduate and postgraduate students, professors, teachers, scientists and researchers having their interests in different fields of specialization will certainly be benefited. The book covers articles written by well known authorities in respective fields.

This book is aimed at providing systematic information on nutritional importance of vegetables in human nutrition, physiology, post-harvest technology, biochemistry and biotechnology of vegetables at a single source. The book contains very concise and precise information on physio-biochemical and biotechnological aspects of vegetable crops and also covers areas like resistance against diseases and herbicides and tolerance against drought and salinity and the physical aspects of quality, i.e., shape, size, texture, colour, tenderness, etc. It also contains the information on best possible solutions of problems faced by the students, scientists, growers and tradeThe information given in this book is truly based on scientific records of scientists working on vegetables in various institutes. The book on physio-biochemical and biotechnological aspects of vegetable crops compiled for the students of postgraduate and postdoctoral programs is one such attempt to make them learn and understand the subject more precisely and motivate them o improve their knowledge in the field of physio-biochemistry and biotechnology of vegetables crops to meet the future needs. In addition, this book may be user-friendly to others who have the concern to expand their knowledge in the field of physio-biochemistry and biotechnology of vegetable crops and wish to fetch more remuneration from vegetable crops."

The book has been written as Text Book for Undergraduate as well as Post Graduate students covering major aspect of horticultural diseases.

This book deals specifically with basic managemental aspects of dairy animal in the context of Indian subcontinent. The informations are carefully presented in concise manner and to the point. The entire book has been prepared in most simple, clear and talking language for easy understanding. In this book, an attempt has been made to introduce both the science and practice of dairy animal production for the students, teachers, progressive farmers and extension workers. Any book which attempt to cover the needs of much a wide range of people must have their limitations as far as any one group of persons is concerned. It is hoped however that all those who read these books will find some guidance and instruction which will enable them to improve their knowledge and understanding of the management and production of dairy animals.

'Applied Ornamental Horticulture' consists of 16 s authored by 18 eminent working scientists related to various applied fields of Ornamental Horticulture. A highly illustrated book, comprising over 75 colored pictures, it is unique in its exhaustive coverage,content and structure. The book not only provides the concept but gives on hand information related to all day today practical aspects of applied ornamental horticulture. It is difficult to provide universally valid recommendations for agronomic and cultural practices for all the ornamental plants as they are grown under different ecological and soil conditions in different climatic zones. However, the general cultural practices like soil and water requirements, planting time and depths; fertilizing, mulching, flowering season, storage and insight about the applied aspects of ornamental horticulture are given for each, although it varies from region to region and under different growing conditions and climate. The book has covered various aspects of gardening and Landscape planning. . All the s are very comprehensive and informative for day today activities in our daily gardening ventures. The book will be useful to students , city dwellers and scholars of Horticulture.The book is a ready reckoner to house wifes and is an essential table book.Transition of conventional gardening to virtual digital garden is indicated and at no point of time and space, natural divine garden can be replaced by digital virtual gardens.Garden has life while virtual garden is insensitive.

Microorganisms are ubiquitous and indispensable for the existence of mankind. They show diversity in size, shape, metabolism and the range of positive functions they perform for sustaining the life on this planet. Bacteria have been exploited by the mankind since times immemorial for the production of various foods and enzymes. They reveal several types of metabolic reactions which are absent in eukaryotic organisms. The present book highlights the potential of microorganisms in solving the global energy crisis. Presently, the world is facing energy crisis due to depleting fossil fuels which are expected to get exhausted during the next 50 yeaOne of the alternative energy resources for the new millennium is expected to be the renewable energy including biomass from which a variety of biofuels can be obtained by the exploitation of microbes. This volume has been organized in 13 s which have been prepared to provide the readers with both an in-depth study and a broad perspective of microorganisms for sustainability of mankind. Further, it makes the readers familiar with the diversity in energy generating pathways among different groups of microorganisms and different types of biomass energy resources available on this planet and the various possibilities which can be exploited for converting these in to alternate energy sources with the help of microbes. A great effort has been made to provide the readers a comprehensive knowledge about different alternative fuels and value added products from microbes for the 21st century. It is hoped that this volume will prove useful to the students and professionals who are pursuing their career in Microbiology, Biotechnology, Biochemistry, Environmental sciences and Energy studies related to the alternate biofuels to solve the global energy crisis.   Â

This book to comprehensively present the standard methodologies for studying the impacts of climate change on agriculture, measuring and developing inventories of greenhouse gas emission, and analyzing the vulnerabilities and mitigation options. The book describes the methodology in a simple and lucid way so that a researcher can adopt it in field studies. Individual chapters are dedicated to subjects such as quantification of climate change impacts on crops in controlled and field conditions, impacts of climate change on water resources, soil fertility, erosion and carbon sequestration, insects, pests, weeds, microbes and diseases; greenhouse gas emission assessment, assessment of regional vulnerability to climate change, selection of crop. The book converted its 23 chapters into four sections. The 1st Section deals with recent mitigation strategies developed by the scientists to reduce the effect of climate changes and promote the Sustainable Agriculture by different ways viz., Role of Marker in Development of Climate Resilient Varieties. Section 2 deals with the conservation agriculture and mitigation strategies, Biofertilizers helps in development of sustainable agricultural practices. Section 3 deals with impact of climate change on pest scenario across the crops and has given insight on possible avoidance of pests. Final sections deals with the agroforestry and how they can minimise their affect of climate change. Finally Section 4th deals with Impact of climate change crop and livestock sectors and strategies for mitigation and adaptation. Role of ICT and extension agencies on framing policies and effective dissemination of technologies were discussed.

Cereals are the major sources of energy and provide proteins, dietary fibre, minerals, vitamins and other nutritional factors to the human beings. Among cereals, wheat, barley, rice and maize are the major sources of food and feed. There are large numbers of cereal based products being consumed across the world all of which have specific quality requirements. In addition cereals have been explored for their use in several industrial applications such as bio-fuels and biodegradable products. Therefore, improving quality of cereals for food, feed and industrial applications has paramount importance in world economy. However, the improvement in the processing and nutritional quality of cereals depends on understanding the chemical and the genetic constituents governing quality traits. Excellent progress has been made in understanding the chemical and molecular basis of cereal quality. The book contains detailed aspects of the quality requirements of different products of wheat, rice, maize and barley and also the chemical and molecular components governing these traits. The strategy to improve these cereals using markers assisted selection and transgenic approach has been discussed in greater detail in the book.

This book is the out come from the personnel's who have their foot in microbiology science last two decades. It's a collection of almost a dozen of sister concerned disciplines in microbiology. It includes more than 6900 terms related to microbiology. This book will become and essential book to all who have some bearing with microbiology and fields like mycology, bacteriology, virology, microbe-biotechnology, parasitology etc.

The contents of the book are of a high quality and flow very smoothly from the characterization of biophysical resources and land use systems to the farming systems level and finally culminate at the catchment/ watershed level. The modelling studies are included to update the current trends, while vulnerability studies provide complete set of information with respect to future action plan. The authors of the various s have also displayed high skills in development of customized GIS tools of learning and knowledge sharing. This book, would stand-out as an example of knowledge sharing efforts in the area of geo-informatics and the use of GIS technologies for their effective and efficient management of natural resources. The authors from top institutes like CGIAR, ICRISAT, University of Tokyo, Japan, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan and The Kansas State University, USA, IIT, IARI, NRSC, NGRI, and reputed Agricultural Universities and institutes (e.g. NBSS&LUP, CRIDA, CSSRI, NIAM, IGFRI, NRCAF, NBPGR, CMFRI, IASRI, IIHR etc.) have contributed knowledge relating to biophysical resource characterization and quality assessment, agricultural vulnerability to climate change, rainfall variation, water availability and urbanization, and development of customized GIS application, knowledge sharing and learning tools. The comprehensive review in the areas of data mining, farm level applications, and modeling for retrieval of biophysical parameters are other specific contributions from the authors.

The 2nd edition of book entitled "Principles of Meat Technology" has been designed and modified as per the recent requirement of the Veterinary Professionals and is entirely based on recent course-curriculum of Veterinary Council of India. All the topics included in VCI syllabus for Meat Science subject have been illustrated and discussed in detail with the supplementation of previous edition. The reference material and current scientific information on the subject has been uated which will be of immense value for meat processing industry and persons having some stakes in this subject. This book is broadly covering fresh meat and aquatic foods, their processing, preservation, packaging, standards and biotechnological applications in this specialized field with recent innovations. In this edition book will serve the purpose of impartation of knowledge, skill and uate material to acquaint the students of Veterinary Science. It is also due to upgradation of each and every of the book with recent knowledge and innovations. The themes mentioned in the syllabus of VCI is very well covered particularly meat structure, product's quality, handling and processing is very well documented. So authors believe that efforts put in this edition of book in form of material, scientific facts and language will help in understanding the meat science to the students of veterinary science, food science and technology, fish technology, meat technologists, academicians of this field, technicians engaged and the processors of animals and fish products.

This book addresses the important issues of food security and sustainability of natural resources of India in the context of the projected climate change. Agroecosystems being the sites of intense interaction between human beings and natural world, global climate change is likely to affect the resource base, the crop productivity, input use efficiency and overall the profitability of agricultural production systems to a great extent. However, the adverse effects of climate change can be alleviated through mitigation and adaptation strategies which carry importance due to the increasing population and food demand in India. Thus, this compilation covers possible sources and sinks of greenhouse gases in Indian context including the potentials of soil carbon sequestration, crop pest and soil management and scientific livestock management as mitigation and adaptation options. This book also includes some topics on fundamentals of green house effect and the possible mechanisms by which soil nutrient availability alters due to CO2 fertilization. The schematic diagrams, tables and graphs have been included to make the book more illustrative. The likelihood of carbon credits and trading through best management practices can help Indian farmers earning carbon credits in future. The book is useful for researchers, farm managers, policy makers and also students engaged in climate change related studies.

The present book is an attempt to give an understanding of the basic concepts and practical approach of the Cytology and Genetics. It covers all the spheres regarding cytology and genetics like information on microscope, cell division, Mendelian principle of heredity, linkage and their detection, gene mapping through recombination, multiple alleles, gene interaction and probability. The practical outlined in this manual will benefit the students and teachers of Biological and Agricultural Sciences.

The basic aim of this manual is to provide useful resource materials for training young students and faculties working in the area of plant systematics. The manual provides uated information on basic as well as applied aspects of plant systematics on various groups of plants like Algae, Lichens, Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms and Angiosperms. 1 to 3 describe the various approaches and methods to study microbial and fungal diversity, which is basically a very useful precursor to the students and young researchers. 4 and 5 provide deals with the multi-dimensional approaches in Lichen systematics. The book progresses upwards through the plethora of information on the diversity and systematics of Algae, Bryophytes, Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms ( 6-10). 11 to 15 contain on the plant methodological details identification, approaches and methods of Flora, revision, monograph and development of herbarium. This information is very important for the students and young faculties who intend to pursue their researches in plant taxonomy. 14 and 15 particularly provide all the relevant information on the International Code of Plant nomenclature including cultivated plants. These s per se are very significant for the amateur as well as serious readers of plant taxonomy. Plant taxonomy and biosystematics is a dynamic subject, as it derives information from various other disciplines like palynology, seed morphology, pharmacognosy, molecular biology, etc. We have, therefore, broaden the scope of this book by including the s on palynology, seed morphology, molecular systematics, biostatistics, ecological and remote sensing methods for diversity analyses, and pharmacognostical tools for identification of herbal drugs ( 16-22). The knowledge and information on these applied aspects of biology in relation to taxonomy will certainly infuse the interest in readers, who are pursuing plant taxonomy as their scientific pursuits. 23 and 24 describe the various methods of characterization and evaluation of ornamental and medicinal plants. The last (25) of the book provides the information about CSIR-NBRI Botanic Garden and its various repositories, which could be of great interest to the readers from the perspectives of plant conservation.

India is one of the most religiously and ethnically diverse nations in the world with some of the most deeply religious societies and cultures. Different societies use plants according to their own beliefs, knowledge and experiences. Their knowledge about the use of the plants is usually not known to other societies and scientists. This book is a compilation of existing literature, field visits, and interactions with renowned personalities working in the similar field. We have attempted to cover ethnobotany syllabus for UG Forestry as per the recommendations of the Fifth Deans Committee Report, ICAR. This book may assist students preparing for the ASRB scientist, NET exam, ICFRE scientist exam and entrance exams for higher studies