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Tells the history of the Freedman's Savings Bank, how it grew much too quickly, why it failed and the impact on Black America. This book will put the Freedman's Savings Bank in the conversation with reparations, Baby Bonds and financial literacy.

The Roaring Twenties, jazz music, Hollywood glamour - the end of World War I ushered in a golden age for America, with a booming stock market and rampant property speculation. It seemed as if - with President Harding and then President Coolidge in charge - the good times would never end. In marked contrast were the fortunes of many European countries, which were struggling to repay war debts while the terms of the Treaty of Versailles were plunging Germany into economic catastrophe. Later, with Herbert Hoover as President, the US markets continued to climb, even though some investors began to sell, sensing trouble ahead. The stock market crash came in October 1929, and America slid into deep depression. Against a background of bank failures, industrial decline, rural poverty, and unemployment, there was an outbreak of protests, strikes, and riots. Hoover was swept from power in 1932, and it fell to the new President, Franklin D. Roosevelt, to revive America's fortunes with a number of ground-breaking new programs which made up the New Deal. Dark Realities covers this turbulent period in America's history. The book introduces the key figures of this time period and reveals the impact that the Great Depression had on the American people. *** "Written to be accessible to lay readers and historians alike....a straightforward chronicle of some of the bleakest years in America's history. Dark Realities is an excellent contribution....highly recommended especially for public and college library collections." - Midwest Book Review, Library Bookwatch, March 2013, American History Shelf

This is a timely update of Ian Fleming's invaluable guide, first published in 2006. For anyone involved in the administration of golf clubs, and in particular with their finances, grappling with VAT has been a thorny issue ever since it was introduced in the UK in 1973. This book explains the basic rules of VAT as they affect golf clubs. Written for club secretaries, treasurers, finance committee chairmen and accounting practices that have golf clubs as their clients, it highlights many of the most common problems likely to arise in the context of VAT. The author offers practical advice, such as how to avoid an unexpected VAT bill on a refurbishment of the clubhouse. With this book as a reference, it will be easier to avoid the many VAT ""bunkers"" which can create unwelcome and costly traps for golf clubs. The third edition includes a new chapter to cover the consequences of the Bridport and West Dorset Golf Club case and new HMRC guidance.

Hetty Howland Green (1834-1916), born Hetty Howland Robinson, and known in her later years as "The Witch of Wall Street," was born in the whaling town of New Bedford, Massachusetts to Quaker parents. This biography charts Hetty Green's extraordinary ascent up the pyramid of wealth to a point where, in the earliest years of the twentieth century, she was being identified as the richest woman in America. The first in a series of brief biographies of significant tycoons, this is an insight into the life and methods of one of the earliest and most influential business women in the US. It examines the source of her wealth, and her method of building upon it. It also profiles those who helped or thwarted her along the way.

Marylebone has been home to its fair share of rogues, villains and eccentrics, and their stories are told here. The authors also want to remind the reader that alongside the glamour of Society, there has also been hardship and squalor in the parish, as was graphically illustrated in Charles Booth's poverty maps of London in 1889. Over the past 10 years the Marylebone Journal has printed historical essays on the people, places, and events that have helped shape the character of the area. Some are commemorated with a blue plaque, but many are not. This is not a check-list of the grandees of Marylebone, though plenty appear in these pages. The essays have been grouped into themes of: history, politicians and warriors, culture and sport (from pop music and television to high art), love and marriage (stories from romance to acrimonious divorce), criminals, science and medicine, buildings and places, and the mad bad and dangerous to know ‒ those whose stories don't fit a convenient box but are too good not to tell.

A cascade of TUPE cases, notably and centrally upon the service provision change, and the subsequent enactment of the Collective Redundancies and the Transfer of Undertakings (Protection of Employment) (Amendment) Regulations 2014 by the UK Government, have made necessary this fourth edition of TUPE: Law & Practice. The new 2014 Amendment Regulations, in force from 31 January 2014, are intended to clarify the issues raised by recent cases and also to reduce the burdens on employers of small enterprises. This guide provides analysis of the new 2014 TUPE Amendment Regulations including: The scope to service provision changes (i.e. outsourcing/contracting-out and in), as well as clarification of the Regulation 3.Key changes relating to transfer dismissals and changes to terms and conditions.Pensions obligations under TUPE.Clarified joint consultation rights.The confusing application of TUPE where the transferor is insolvent.Lawyers, politicians and policymakers, HR practitioners, as well as academics, will find this book brings them up to speed on TUPE. This book aims to keep pace with these changes, providing practical advice and cutting edge analysis.

VAT and Financial Services takes the reader through the relevant legislation and case law, the legal concepts such as time and place of supply, the distinction between goods and services, what is taxable, and the interaction of these elements; examines the consequences of outsourcing (through a detailed study of 10 significant cases); looks at the key issues facing financial services and insurance; and then discusses the VAT cost sharing exemption. Since the third edition, there have been significant developments, including (most obviously) Brexit. The key VAT change is that EU legislation is no longer primary legislation (although many EU VAT principles, obligations and rights have been 'retained') and ECJ court decisions are, in general, no longer binding although 'a court or tribunal may have regard to anything done on or after exit day by the European Court, another EU entity or the EU so far as it is relevant to any matter before the court or tribunal' (European Union (Withdrawal) Act, 2018 s6(2)). Also, the Court of Appeal decision in HMRC v Perfect [2022] EWCA Civ 330, which is an excise duty case but more widely applicable, confirmed that decisions from any referrals to the ECJ made before 31 December 2020 remain binding on the UK even if the decision is issued after that date. In addition to this general change, there have been some more specific changes, for example the changes to the VAT (Specified Supplies) Order 1999, which now treats supplies to persons in the EU in the same way as supplies to persons outside the EU and some changes to the status of EU pension funds. A further change has been to the status of Cost Sharing Groups, an arrangement that allows persons who carry on certain activities to form a group to share costs without creating sticking VAT. As Cost Sharing groups are no longer available to the financial services and insurance sectors, the chapter and appendix covering these have been removed from this edition. Appendices include: contracts of insurance; Lloyd's VAT arrangements; HMRC ABI partial exemption guidance for the insurance sector; TOGC legal extracts; and the VAT territory of the EU. Finance directors and finance controllers in the financial services and insurance sectors and at those who advise these sectors should all find the book helpful.

Provides a guide to the structure of the UK tax system, the interaction between UK and EU law, and its application to various classes of taxpayer, as well as explaining the roles of the government departments who administer it and the full range of taxpayers rights and obligations. The fourth edition has been revised to cover the consequences of leaving the EU for the UK tax system and changes in loss and group relief rules. The book is for anyone studying the UK tax system, or advising on UK tax, from the experienced practitioner to the newly-qualified professional coming to tax advice for the first time, as well as being an ideal starting point for any students of the legal system or government.

Audience: Investors, entrepreneurs, companies considering going public, policy makers. Summary: Rigged financial markets and hopeless under-regulation on Wall Street are not new problems. In this book, Susanne Trimbath gives a sobering account of naked short selling, the failure to settle, and her efforts over decades, trying to get this fixed.Part I. Opening ActThis is a cautionary tale. What started as a regulatory failure has turned into a regulatory crisis. Shareholder democracy is in shambles. The institutions that were established to correct a problem of trade settlement failures (failures to deliver shares for settlement) have instead exacerbated the problem. They may not survive what comes next. Chapter 1: Primer. A non-technical explanation of the terminology and concepts used in the book, plus the economic implications of trading ""phantom"" stock and bonds. Chapter 2: Start at the Beginning. Twenty-five years ago, when I was working ""backstage at Wall Street"" a group of corporate trust specialists told me about a problem in shareholder voting rights. When I went to senior management at Depository Trust Company (DTC), then and still the largest securities depository in the world, brushed it off saying, ""You can't balance the world.""Part II. Back to Where I Left OffChapter 3: A Sidewalk Café in New York. At the request of a business colleague, I have coffee with a lawyer from Texas who tells me that a problem was about to blow up the financial markets: Wall Street brokers are using short sales and fails to deliver to grab the assets of American entrepreneurs. I feel a pang of guilt for not sticking it out to fix this before I left DTC in 1993. By 2003, it was a full-blown regulatory crisis! Chapter 4: Blind Men Describe an Elephant. When I start working on the issues after 2003, the lawyers, companies, investors and consultants I meet are like the blind men and a phantom share is the elephant. From a dentist in Michigan to a Republic operative in Washington DC, few of the self-described experts even knew what a naked short sale was before it either happened to them or someone hired them to pontificate on the subject.Part III. Committing to a CauseChapter 5: Real Experts Meet. The lawyers and several companies they represent are relying on poorly written reports provided by the Blind Men. Recognizing that the errors are piling up and having a negative impact on the outcomes in the court room, I bring in real experts, including the corporate trust specialists who first came to me in 1993. We coin the term ""phantom shares"" to describe the extra shares being created by short sales, stock lending and fails to deliver. Chapter 6: STA White Paper. The industry organization of corporate trust specialists, the Securities Transfer Association (STA) issues a report on over-voting after they are unable to get help from the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Articles in their newsletter include a survey showing that over-voting - the direct result of investors voting phantom shares in corporate elections - impacts every public company. Almost immediately, the Securities Industry Association sends a letter to the NYSE describing how they can hide over-voting and the NYSE removes the last remaining rule that made it possible for a buyer to demand delivery of shares. A year later, over-voting is found in every corporate election surveyed by the STA. Even after the SIA implements processes to hide over-voting, the STA finds one-third of corporate elections are still receiving up to 25% more votes than there are shares outstanding. Chapter 7: Tax Consequences. My research shows that taxpayers and governments are losing out when interest and dividends are paid on phantom shares. The loss of tax revenue is not trivial: as much as $4.0 billion to the states and $1.5 billion to the federal government every year.Part IV. Success Seems PossibleChapter 8: Regulation SHO. I submit comment letters to the SEC that outline the financial and economic consequences of fails to deliver (FTD). When FTD reporting from NSCC to SEC begins, we are optimistic. Even though it is a list of victims (companies) but not the perpetrators (brokers), this is our first chance to see weekly and then daily data. We still don't know how old a fail is, but at least we have more frequent reports of the total value of fails and the number of shares failed per company. This chapter includes several of my comment letters explaining the implications for capital markets and the economy of the unfolding regulatory crisis, including the fact that Reg SHO had no enforcement teeth. It includes the attachments I submitted, like a copy of an NYSE audit proving that they knew that brokers were voting in corporate elections without regard to shareholder rights. Chapter 9: Criminal Cases Reveal Evidence. Although none of the lawsuits against the central clearing and settlement organizations (DTCC and its subsidiaries) is able to progress in the state courts, some organized crime cases result in settlement agreements and federal prosecutions. They move slowly but reveal evidence through discovery that supports the civil claims for several issuers against the brokers. This book does not detail financial crimes, but the cases against the primary perpetrators involved in manipulating Eagletech's stock are outlined to demonstrate the criminal strategies. We visit the more complete story of Eagletech Communications, Inc. in Chapter 10. Chapter 10: The Battle Goes Public. When a Dateline NBC segment on Eagletech is announced, the pajamahideen are emboldened, organizing protests and rallies including one on the sidewalk in front of DTCC's headquarters in Manhattan. The Dateline episode falls far short of the exposé everyone was hoping for. Later that year, the National Association of Securities Administrators Association (NASAA) holds a public forum in Washington, D.C. Publicity for the issue rises to the mainstream media, with a cover story in Bloomberg Markets magazine focused on the problems created by phantom votes. The CEO of a large public company is in the audience. I challenge him to buy shares of stock in his own company and find out if the seller fails to deliver. His broker debits his bank account for over $1 million dollars - then it takes two months for him to get delivery of the shares. In the face of this evidence and the harsh reality that it can happen to anyone, Patrick Byrne escalates his activities to warfare.Part V. Escalating CommitmentsChapter 11: Byrne's War. With the NASAA event as the backdrop, I push Patrick Byrne to stay focused on the real issue: corporate governance. He has me added to several email distribution lists with what he dubs the ""Pajamahideen"" - freedom fighters who work from home in their pajamas. Patrick hires a firm specializing in ""legislative strategies"" to arrange a media event in Washington DC. It is poorly attended and not widely reported with only one congressional aide at the event. Instead of explaining the important regulatory changes needed to protect corporate governance, Patrick has the team presentation focus on criminal activity. This chapter includes the text of my online interview with The Sanity Check. Chapter 12: Publicity Ramps Up with Meetings, Events and Interviews. I appear at the confirmation hearing when a former DTCC Board members is nominated as State Treasurer for New Jersey. I and some of the pajamahideen point to his Board role as making him complicit in hiding the fails to deliver. Afterward, DTCC will attempt to use one obscure new article about the hearing in an effort to disparage me (Chapter 15). Stories show up in every financial news outlet from print and online to radio and television. Bloomberg produces and airs a special report on ""Phantom Shares"" and I am the keynote speaker at the Securities Lending Conference in New York. I am contacted by an agent from the FBI-NY and he asks me to meet with the SDNY Attorney's office to brief them on fails and shorts. I present them with shocking evidence of system-wide problems in post-trade processing. I don't hear from them again. Chapter 13: Naked, Short and Greedy in LA. The CFA-LA initially agrees to put on an event about naked short selling. Bloomberg TV is prepared to broadcast the event. Then DTCC threatens action against CFA-LA if they have me as a speaker. CFA-LA caves and cancels the event. Overstock CEO Patrick Byrne steps up with a small sponsorship and STP Advisory Services funds the remainder for a new event in October. With just a shoe-string budget, we are able to fill a meeting room at the Park Hyatt in Century City (Los Angeles) with attendees from all over the US.Part VI. All Seems LostAfter a series of promising events, what happened next offered one setback after another. In a painful, emotionally charged series of events for me, the goal of resolving the regulatory crisis seemed to move further and further away. Things were happening too quickly to have feelings about them: by the time it was over, I was just starting to have feelings about the kind of feelings I had when it was happening. DTCC's efforts to banish me to the background left me raw as I constantly had to keep up my guard against it. Paradoxically, all of the negativity drew a sense of even deeper commitment from me. Chapter 14: Resistance from Wall Street. DTCC escalates their efforts against me. It has the opposite effect, making more companies and investors trust me to speak out on their behalf. They contact the producers and sponsors for events that invite me to be keynote speaker. They even threaten to cancel program participation for a transfer agent who hires me as a consultant. In the end, the people and organizations that I worked with in my years at DTC come to my support with more speaker invitations. Chapter 15: Corporate Governance Fails at Overstock. The real blow comes when Patrick has the chance to close it out with the proxy voting charade at his annual meeting. He does nothing because he got the chairman slot he was so afraid ""they"" would take away from him. The real experts I bring in are ignored completely. I feel Patrick and his lawyers push me aside in favor of a series of yes-men and consultants with worn-out low-level government titles. He will lose his appeal in a million-dollar lawsuit brought against him and one of his writers for libel and defamation. Chapter 16: Senate Inaction. Patrick is a big political donor who is able to get some statements about ""naked short selling"" read into the record by congressmen from Utah. I was able to include a couple of paragraphs about fails to deliver. Under pressure from DTCC, the SEC and Wall Street's own political donations, Congress refuses to hold hearings to air the investors' side of the story. In 2012, the Washington Post will report finding lawmakers in 2008 were investing hundreds of thousands of dollars in short-selling funds.Part VII. When the Music StopsThen came the Wall Street bailout, appointing Geithner to Treasury to replace Paulson (who pillaged the Treasury on his way out of town), Dodd-Frank which does nothing but order a bunch of studies. Soon, everyone is so wrapped up in trying to figure out what the rules are going to be that no one is able to move forward with any action. Chapter 17: Media Interest after the Financial Crisis. When the financial crisis hits the markets, I am doing radio interviews every month. In September, Matt Taibbi interviews me for the Rolling Stone magazine article that would be quoted extensively because he called Goldman Sachs a ""great vampire squid wrapped around the face of humanity, relentlessly jamming its blood funnel into anything that smells like money."" In 2013, Forbes was still referencing that article. The Daily Show produces a segment on short selling that gets attention as far up as the White House daily briefing. Chapter 18: CMKM and the UnShareholders. A diamond mining firm, CMKM, orders a ""cert pull"" to get all the company's shares out of the DTC. It reveals how many phantom shares are in circulation as a multitude of investors - dubbed the UnShareholders - are left holding the empty bag. Brokers begin deleting share positions as they stop returning calls to angry customers around the world, including several active-duty members of the military stationed overseas. But the evidence is there: brokers assigned phantom shares to their most vulnerable customers while getting real certificated-shares for themselves and favored clients. Before it shuts down, the UnShareholder project reveals the same circumstances applied to over 100 investors for 21 more companies across 15 brokerage firms. Launched June 9, 2008; closed in 2010. The investors were located throughout the US and in 5 other countries on three continents. In 2007, shareholders in British Columbia (Canada) sue their broker for refusal to provide certificates for shares shown in their account. The same day it was filed, it went directly before B.C. Supreme Court Justice H. Groberman, who ordered Canaccord to provide the share certificates ""without delay."" Chapter 19: Two Documentary Films. Sandra Mohr's Stock Shock is first out of the blocks among several films, including a few big Hollywood productions that would make the connection between failures in supervision, regulation and post-trade processing and the 2008 collapse of global capital markets. ""The bad guys won."" I am interviewed for the documentary Wall Street Conspiracy in July. When the stock market crashes in September, the producers invite me back to explain the connection with what I told them 2 months earlier. The transcript of that interview is included in this chapter.Part VIII. The Tragedy of a Downer EndingChapter 20: GAO Faults SEC and Other Revelations. In 2009, GAO would fault SEC for ignoring thousands of ""NSS"" complaints. My interview with the GAO is included in this chapter. The deeper tragedy is that so many companies lost access to the capital that is a keystone on US capital markets. Of the three companies highlighted in this book, Eagletech folded in 2006, CMKM held on until 2019 (as NHHI). Only Barker Minerals remains a functioning business despite the fact that the shares ceased trading after they could no longer afford to have financial statements produced by an external auditor. Chapter 21: Barker Minerals' Unique Approach. A Canadian mining firm, Barker Minerals Ltd. approached me in 2010 for help with a strategy they developed to ferret out which brokers were failing to deliver their stock for settlement. In contrast to denouncing short sellers, which was the basis for most complaints in the US, Barker called their analysis the ""Pro Long Strategy"" for its emphasis on protecting and supporting long-term shareholder investments. Barker Minerals continues in operations today, primarily using personal funding after the stock ceased trading on 5 April 2019.Part IX. Unresolved Regulatory CrisisFor decades, investors have settled for a small rate of return in their investment accounts, while the companies holding their money have earned trillions of dollars in income. If there is one lesson learned from my experiences over the last 15 years, it is that even a disorganized protest is still a protest. A small but vocal group of investors and entrepreneurs can shake up the system at least enough to get some transparency. The financial sector has lost its moral compass. Investors and entrepreneurs are on their own when they venture into US capital markets. They have to protect themselves and the wealth they hope to accumulate to ensure the future.

This book is a practical guide to the very practical subject of Tax Due Diligence. It aims to show that tax due diligence is not a commodity by leading the reader through the tax due diligence process and explaining at each stage how to extract the maximum value from tax due diligence.Covering a wide range of transaction scenarios, the book deals with every aspect of tax due diligence, including: What is tax due diligence and what it is not. The different circumstances in which tax due diligence is required and the implications of each. Planning tax due diligence. Managing the tax due diligence process. Obtaining and analysing information. How best to address issues identified by tax due diligence. Making the most of limited information. Tax due diligence in asset deals. This book is aimed at anyone in industry or practice who is commissioning or planning a tax due diligence exercise or who is responsible for its performance.

In order to survive in the changing business environment, organisations should rethink their strategic philosophy and the role of management accounting. The primary focus of this book is on techniques and concepts of cost and management accounting for strategic business decisions.It focuses on both conventional and contemporary issues. The book will serve as a reference source for practicing accountants, senior executives and managers working in human resources, operations, and accounting divisions. As the principal focus of this book is on conceptual foundations, it would also be ideal for courses in graduate programs such as master's degree, MBA or Executive MBA.

The book reviews the evolution of labour law within the EU, analyses the distinct regional approaches to employment and welfare, and looks at the pressures for change within a further enlarged EU. The authors then provide a basic outline of employment law in each of the 28 member states, and in Turkey, Montenegro and Bosnia Herzegovina (all of whom are preparing for membership). In the six years since the second edition of this book was published in 2010 the economic consequences of the global financial crisis of 2008 onwards have forced many EU member states to revisit their labour laws, and attempt to make their labour markets more competitive while remaining in the EU framework. These changes have been incorporated into the third edition. The book identifies those areas where the law is unified by the enactment of European Directives, and regional differences which are potential pitfalls for employers with workers in more than one EU state. It is intended for HR persons, lawyers looking for basic knowledge, policymakers & lawmakers elsewhere in EU, and EU bodies. About the authors: Stephen Hardy LLB PhD FRSA MCIArb FHEAcad, is Professor of Law and formerly a practising barrister specialising in employment law. He is also a Judge of the First-tier Tribunal (Social Entitlement Chamber). Mark Butler LLB LLM PhD is a non-practising barrister and Lecturer in Law at Lancaster University. He is the author of Spiramus's Equality and Anti-Discrimination Law (2016) and the Deputy General Editor of Sweet & Maxwell's Encyclopaedia of Employment Law.

VAT and Government Departments is a reference manual and a practical guide for those managing VAT in Government Departments, their advisers and key suppliers. Government Department VAT has recently been the subject of an HMRC consultation and review with new guidance published in 2015 (consolidated with revised NHS guidance). Public sector organisations must be registered for VAT where they engage in ""economic activities"", especially where there is any competition with the private sector. There are special rules for Government Departments (and the NHS) under section 41 VAT Act 1994 known as the contracted-out services or COS rules (in relation to non-business activities) and Value Added Tax itself, governed by the VAT legislation (in relation to business activities). To understand VAT in a Government Department context it is essential to understand the fundamental duality in the tax in relation to the public sector. This is often overlooked and because in certain situations VAT can apparently be recovered in both contexts COS eligibility to recover and input tax entitlement on VAT incurred can be confused. Many of the areas covered in the text are complex in themselves and VAT and Government Departments does not attempt to examine all possibilities in all circumstances or to reproduce the full technical guidance or statute. The objective is to identify all of the issues in the tax relevant to Government Departments and in a logical analysis, explain these from a compliance perspective and in relation to the organisational activities of Government Departments (providing further references where appropriate if more detailed information is required). VAT & Government Departments is based on published HMRC and Treasury guidance and policy and on current case law and legislation in force as at 30th April 2015.

VAT & the NHS is both a reference manual and a practical guide to managing VAT in the NHS. The book provides a comprehensive overview of VAT in the context of the NHS. It does not assume that readers are specialists in either subject, which means it should have a wide appeal among finance staff within the NHS as well as general practitioner accountants and VAT consultants. This second edition is based on published HMRC and HM Treasury guidance and policy and on current case law and legislation in force as at 30 June 2016 and is revised to include the recent structural changes in the NHS and developments arising from the Budget 2015 and 2016 (as well as the potential implications of Brexit). The book helps to identify all of the issues in the tax relevant to the NHS and in a logical analysis explain these from an NHS compliance perspective and in relation to the organisational activities of the NHS (providing further references where appropriate if more detailed information is required). For reference there is a Glossary of Terms, a list of Definitions and a list of References.

Settling trust disputes without litigation can save all parties legal costs and maintain confidentiality (reducing the risk of unwelcome publicity). ADR and Trusts is a development from the authors' accredited mediation training course for the Society of Trust and Estate Practitioners (STEP). Part A introduces the reader to the different forms of dispute resolution, and examines the differences between arbitration and mediation of trust and fiduciary disputes. The mediation process is explained, including: the role of professional advisors, and the tools and techniques for mediation. The authors examine ways of avoiding disputes, cross-border aspects of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR), the psychological factors affecting mediation, the mediator's powers to mediate and settle disputes, and ethical issues in Trust ADR. Islamic and Sharia Trust ADR is also considered, with close study of the developing approaches in Canada and the UK. Part B examines 27 jurisdictions and how trust law and ADR operates in each of them. The jurisdictions covered are: Australia, Bahamas, Barbados, The British Virgin Islands, Canada, Cyprus, England and Wales, Florida, France, Gibraltar, Guernsey, Hong Kong, India, Ireland, Isle of Man, Israel, Italy, Jersey, Liechtenstein, Malaysia, Mauritius, New Zealand, Panama, Scotland, Singapore, Switzerland, and the United Arab Emirates. Each profile addresses: arbitration law and practice, trust law, the mandatory requirements for mediation and the enforcement of ADR awards. Mediators, arbitrators, trust and estate planning practitioners, trust managers and anyone involved in trust disputes should all benefit from reading this book.

Equality and Anti-Discrimination Law covers The Equality Act 2010 and other anti-discrimination protections both within the UK legislation and in the context of EU law. The UK's approach to ensuring equality for the workforce is notoriously difficult to navigate, with various aspects of protection being contained and discussed across a range of statutory and non-statutory instruments. Although the Equality Act 2010 is often viewed as central to the equality laws of the UK, there are other key areas that must also be borne in mind, including atypical worker protection and family friendly regulation: each of these are discussed to sufficient detail to enable the reader to gain a working understanding of how each operates. In considering each of these key areas this text attempts to decipher and navigate each of them with the end user in mind. The protections, and the thresholds that need to be satisfied to acquire the protections, are broken down into their constituent parts and analysed using key case law and relevant codes of practices with a view to ensuring that their practical use is understood by the reader. Through adopting this approach the book ensures that the reader gets to grips with key concepts that protect on an equality footing. The text takes account of case law from both UK courts, and European Courts where this is needed. This helps show the interaction that UK and EU law has in the area of equality law, and that the systems are interdependent to some extent. For those wishing to go beyond the simple practical application of the law the text touches upon a number of academic debates that exist in the area of equality law, to further stimulate those with an interest in the law, but further to highlight some of the perceived weaknesses that exist with the UK's current approach to equality protection, and whets the appetite for further discussion.

What is my theory? How do I choose a theory? Why and how should I employ a particular method for collecting the empirical data? These basic questions concern everyone involved in research. A research study can be a voyage of discovering or choice of theoretical perspective as well as gathering empirics or facts on a problem or situation. This book provides a good guideline as to why and how to choose a particular theory or method to study an organisational phenomenon such as accounting. All the chapters provide both retrospective and contemporary views by scholars in the field. Each chapter documents the latest developments and research in accounting and control systems and provides valuable insights into methodological perspectives in accounting research. This second edition has also introduced a number of new chapters covering strategy-management control as practice, grounded theory approach, institutional logic and rhetoric, social interaction theory, actor-network theory and practice theory. The book is primarily intended for research students and academic researchers. It can also be used for undergraduate Honours course as well as postgraduate accounting and business methodology courses. Research organisations and consulting firms in accounting and business fields may also find this book useful. The principal aims of this second edition are (1) to update the chapters previously published in 2006 and (2) to introduce new chapters documenting recent developments in accounting research.

This book offers clear and practical guidance on the application of VAT to property transactions providing assistance to individuals, property businesses and professionals. It covers guidance on VAT and property issues including: Introduction to VAT concepts: VAT terminology, Legislation, Definitions.Land TransactionsResidential property: New build, Extension and refurbishment, Renovations and alterations, Conversions, Facilities for the disabled, Transactions between landlord and tenant, DIY house builders, Caravans and houseboats, Listed/protected buildings.Residential and charitable use buildings, Housing Associations, Cultural bodiesCommercial property: Construction industry, the election to waive exemption, Supplies not affected, Making an election, Revoking an election, Input tax claims, Avoidance rules, Premiums, surrenders and inducements, Specialist services, Transfer of a business as a going concernAnti-avoidance legislationGuarantees, Partial exemption, Input tax recovery, the capital items scheme.Includes detailed HMRC guidance and forms on CD-ROM

A practical guide to all aspects of direct taxation of small businesses in one volume. The book aims to give a clear explanation of the relevant legislation and practical advice on ways of minimising clients' tax liabilities and warning against common pitfalls.

A concise guide for all those who aim at obtaining a basic knowledge of European tax law. This edition contains selected relevant information available as of 30 June 2022. It retains all of the features and tools contained in the previous editions.

Takes a look at the gap which lies between books on tax and those on trust law, and tries to bridge the two. As well as tracing the story behind Britain's ancient tax laws and courts, relevant legislation, cases and HM Revenue & Customs' guidance are all reviewed to paint a picture of how equity and implied trusts fit within today's tax laws.