Bøger udgivet af Springer Basel

This book systematically presents recent fundamental results on greedy approximation with respect to bases.Motivated by numerous applications, the last decade has seen great successes in studying nonlinear sparse approximation. Recent findings have established that greedy-type algorithms are suitable methods of nonlinear approximation in both sparse approximation with respect to bases and sparse approximation with respect to redundant systems. These insights, combined with some previous fundamental results, form the basis for constructing the theory of greedy approximation. Taking into account the theoretical and practical demand for this kind of theory, the book systematically elaborates a theoretical framework for greedy approximation and its applications. The book addresses the needs of researchers working in numerical mathematics, harmonic analysis, and functional analysis. It quickly takes the reader from classical results to the latest frontier, but is written at the level of a graduate course and does not require a broad background in the field.

The 2010 tsunamis generated in Haiti, Chile, and Indonesia caused various damage on the coasts. They report the above tsunamis and discuss tsunami DART observations, warning systems, risk management in the Pacific, modelling of earthquake and landslide tsunamis, and probabilistic tsunami hazard assessment.

The 2011 Tohoku earthquake generated a tsunami that caused severe damage including 20,000 casualties in Japan. They report seismological aspects of the event related to the tsunami warning, the tsunami impacts and effects in Japan and around the Pacific, analyses of instrumental tsunami data and modelling.

Gamma-Glutamyl Transpeptidases (y-GTs) are members of the N-terminal nucleophile hydrolase superfamily, enzymes that cleave the y-glutamyl amide bond of glutathione to liberate cysteinylglycine. The released y-glutamyl group can be transferred to water (hydrolysis) or to amino acids or short peptides (transpeptidation). y-GT plays a key role in the gamma glutamyl cycle by regulating the cellular levels of the antioxidant glutathione, hence it is a critical enzyme in maintaining cellular redox homeostasis.y-GT is upregulated during inflammation and in several human tumors, and it is involved in many physiological disorders related to oxidative stress, such as Parkinson's disease and diabetes. Furthermore, this enzyme is used as a marker of liver disease and cancer. This book covers current knowledge about the structure-function relationship of y-GTs and gives information about applications of y-GTs in different fields ranging from clinical biochemistry to biotechnology and biomedicine.

There is now compelling evidence that the complexity of higher organisms correlates with the relative amount of non-coding RNA rather than the number of protein-coding genes. Previously dismissed as "e;junk DNA"e;, it is the non-coding regions of the genome that are responsible for regulation, facilitating complex temporal and spatial gene expression through the combinatorial effect of numerous mechanisms and interactions working together to fine-tune gene expression. The major regions involved in regulation of a particular gene are the 5' and 3' untranslated regions and introns. In addition, pervasive transcription of complex genomes produces a variety of non-coding transcripts that interact with these regions and contribute to regulation. This book discusses recent insights into the regulatory roles of the untranslated gene regions and non-coding RNAs in the control of complex gene expression, as well as the implications of this in terms of organism complexity and evolution.

In der Bundesrepublik Deutschland überwachen die Behörden der Länder die Einhaltung der Vorschriften, die für das Inverkehrbringen und die Anwendung von Pflanzenschutzmitteln gelten. Das Pflanzenschutz-Kontrollprogramm ist ein bundesweit harmonisiertes Programm zur Überwachung pflanzenschutzrechtlicher Vorschriften. Die Durchführung und Berichterstattung der Kontrollen erfolgten nach gemeinsamen Standards der Länder auf Grundlage eines abgestimmten Handbuches. Die Festlegung von Kontrolltatbeständen und die Betriebsauswahl erfolgt durch die Länder; zusätzlich werden bundesweite Kontrollschwerpunkte festgelegt. Der vorliegende Bericht fasst die Ergebnisse des Jahres 2011 zusammen. Bundesweit wurden in 2.545 Handelsbetrieben Verkehrskontrollen durchgeführt und in 5.367 Betrieben der Landwirtschaft, des Gartenbaus und der Forstwirtschaft Betriebs- oder Anwendungskontrollen vorgenommen. Im Rahmen der Überwachung der Verordnung über Pflanzenschutzmittel und Pflanzenschutzgeräte (Pflanzenschutzmittelverordnung) wurden des Weiteren 70.063 Pflanzenschutzgeräte von amtlichen bzw. amtlich anerkannten Kontrollstellen überprüft. Die Zusammensetzung und physikalische, chemische und technische Eigenschaften von 197 Pflanzenschutzmitteln wurden untersucht.¿

In dem Bericht sind die Ergebnisse des Bundesweiten UEberwachungsplans zur Einhaltung der lebensmittel-, wein- und tabakrechtlichen Vorschriften zusammengefasst. Die Auswahl der Proben und der zu kontrollierenden Betriebe erfolgte auf Basis einer Risikoanalyse.

Gene therapy was conceived during the early and mid part of the 20th century. At first, it was considered a revolutionary biomedical procedure, which could potentially cure any disease for which the molecular bases were understood. Since then, gene therapy has gone through many stages and has evolved from a nearly unrealistic perspective to a real life application. Clinical efficacy in humans was demonstrated at the beginning of this century after its successful application in small-scale clinical trials to cure severe immunodeficiency in children. However, their successes were overshadowed some time later by the occurrence of vector-related leukaemia in a number of treated children. It is in this context that lentiviral vectors have appeared, with improved efficiency and, possibly, increased biosafety. Very recently, the first clinical trials with lentivectors have been carried out with some success. This Brief firstly defines gene therapy, and places lentivectors within this fascinating therapeutic strategy. Then follows a comprehensive description of the development of retroviral and lentiviral vectors and how to specifically target distinct cell types and tissues. The authors also discuss the application of lentivector gene therapy for the treatment of cancer and autoimmune diseases, ending with the application of lentivectors in human gene therapy clinical trials.

Contains twenty-one solicited articles by speakers at the IWOTA 2009 workshop, ranging from expository surveys to original research papers.

This full-colour book assembles the proceedings papers of the "5th International Symposium on Lithographic Limestone and Plattenkalk", which was held 2009 at the Natural History Museum in Basel (Switzerland).

Earthquake fault zones exhibit hierarchical damage and granular structures with evolving geometrical and material properties. This title shows how insight can come from many fields including statistical physics, structural geology and rock mechanics at large scales; and, more.

"Geodynamics of the Mexican Pacific Margin" presents the results of studies from various disciplines whose common goal is to better understand the complex geodynamic processes that exist along the Pacific margin of Mexico.

Das neue Lehrbuch zur Funktionentheorie, im Aufbau angelehnt an das klassische Werk von Lars Ahlfors, ist als begleitender Text für eine einsemestrige einführende Vorlesung konzipiert. Darüber hinaus behandelt der Autor aber auch einige weiterführende Themen. Der Band enthält zahlreiche Übungen sowie im Anhang drei Kapitel über den Zusammenhangsbegriff, kompakte metrische Räume und harmonische Funktionen. Besonderen Wert legt der Autor darauf, alle Beweise elegant und vollständig darzustellen. Der Band eignet sich auch für das Selbststudium.

Increasing size and complexity of software and hardware systems makes it harder to ensure their reliability. These trends ask for techniques and tools for developing reliable and autonomous software which can support software engineers in their efforts.

This volume contains refereed research or review papers presented at the 6th Seminar on Stochastic Processes, Random Fields and Applications, which took place at the Centro Stefano Franscini (Monte Verita) in Ascona, Switzerland, in May 2008.