Bøger udgivet af Springer Netherlands

The past decades have seen significant improvements in 3D imaging where the related techniques and technologies have advanced to a mature state. These exciting developments have sparked increasing interest in industry and academia in the challenges and opportunities afforded by 3D sensing. As a consequence, the emerging area of safety and security related imaging incorporates these important new technologies beyond the limitations of 2D image processing. This book is so far the first that covers the current state of the art in 3D imaging for safety and security. It reports about selected contributions given at the "e;Workshop on Advanced 3D Imaging for Safety and Security"e; held in conjunction with the International Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition CVPR 2005, June 2005, San Diego, CA. The workshop brought together pioneering academic and industrial researchers in the field of computer vision and image analysis. Special attention was given to advanced 3D imaging technologies in the context of safety and security applications. Comparative evaluation studies showing advantages of 3D imaging over traditional 2D imaging for a given computer vision or pattern recognition task were emphasized. Moreover, additional experts in the field of 3D imaging for safety and security were invited by the editors for a contribution to this book. The book is structured into two parts, each containing five or six chapters on (1) Biometrics and (2) Safety and Security Applications.

In the history of science the opening up of a new observational or experimental window is always followed by an increase in knowledge of the subject concerned. This is also the case with the subject of this book, ultraviolet radiation (hereafter UV). In principle, the ultraviolet range might be just one more of these windows, of no particular importance. However, the energy per UV photon provides the main peculiarity, its magnitude being great enough to produce important ch- ical reactions in the atmospheres of planets and satellites, thereby a?ecting the transmission of this radiation to the ground. The Sun is the main natural source of UV radiation in the Solar System and our planet is the body where its in?uences can be best tested and the only one where its relation with life can be studied. However, the terrestrial atmosphere blocksmostofthephotonsinthiselectromagneticrangeandastronomershavehad to develop various techniques (balloons, planes and rockets) to cross this barrier and access the information. These tools have been used in parallel to investigate the physical properties of the terrestrial atmosphere and the interaction of its constituents with light. This book will addresses most of these topics.

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a tick-borne disease associated with severe hemorrhagic manifestations. CCHF has been referred to as the "e;Asian Ebola."e; However, in fact, the disease is one of the most widely distributed tick-borne diseases in the world, occurring in Africa, Asia, Europe, and the Middle East. This volume covers major aspects of this important disease and the virus which causes it. Chapters are written by leading experts in their fields and detail historical, public health, epidemiological, and clinical aspects of CCHF and the genetics and molecular biology of the virus. Additional chapters focus on disease control, tick vectors and infection among animals, both natural and experimental.This book will be of interest to virologists, microbiologists, medical entomologists, infectious disease physicians, epidemiologists, public health specialists, veterinary scientists, public health policy makers, journalists, and medical educators.

Low-Power High-Speed ADCs for Nanometer CMOS Integration is about the design and implementation of ADC in nanometer CMOS processes that achieve lower power consumption for a given speed and resolution than previous designs, through architectural and circuit innovations that take advantage of unique features of nanometer CMOS processes. A phase lock loop (PLL) clock multiplier has also been designed using new circuit techniques and successfully tested. 1) A 1.2V, 52mW, 210MS/s 10-bit two-step ADC in 130nm CMOS occupying 0.38mm2. Using offset canceling comparators and capacitor networks implemented with small value interconnect capacitors to replace resistor ladder/multiplexer in conventional sub-ranging ADCs, it achieves 74dB SFDR for 10MHz and 71dB SFDR for 100MHz input.2) A 32mW, 1.25GS/s 6-bit ADC with 2.5GHz internal clock in 130nm CMOS. A new type of architecture that combines flash and SAR enables the lowest power consumption, 6-bit >1GS/s ADC reported to date. This design can be a drop-in replacement for existing flash ADCs since it does require any post-processing or calibration step and has the same latency as flash. 3) A 0.4ps-rms-jitter (integrated from 3kHz to 300MHz offset for >2.5GHz) 1-3GHz tunable, phase-noise programmable clock-multiplier PLL for generating sampling clock to the SAR ADC. A new loop filter structure enables phase error preamplification to lower PLL in-band noise without increasing loop filter capacitor size.

Design for Manufacturability and Yield for Nano-Scale CMOS walks the reader through all the aspects of manufacturability and yield in a nano-CMOS process and how to address each aspect at the proper design step starting with the design and layout of standard cells and how to yield-grade libraries for critical area and lithography artifacts through place and route, CMP model based simulation and dummy-fill insertion, mask planning, simulation and manufacturing, and through statistical design and statistical timing closure of the design. It alerts the designer to the pitfalls to watch for and to the good practices that can enhance a design's manufacturability and yield. This book is a must read book the serious practicing IC designer and an excellent primer for any graduate student intent on having a career in IC design or in EDA tool development.

"e;Design of high voltage xDSL line drivers in standard CMOS"e; fits in the quest for highly efficient fully integrated xDSL modems for central office applications. The book focusses on the line driver, the most demanding building block of the xDSL modem for lowering power. To reduce the cost, the cheapest technology is selected: standard CMOS, without any extra process options to increase the nominal supply voltage. The emphasis lies on the analysis, design and implementation of high voltage highly efficient line drivers in mainstream CMOS."e;Design of high voltage xDSL line drivers in standard CMOS"e; covers the total design flow of monolithic CMOS high voltage circuits. The book is essential reading for analog design engineers and researchers in the field and is also suitable as a text book for an advanced course on the subject.

This work brings together previously unpublished notes contributed by participants of the IUTAM Symposium on Hamiltonian Dynamics, Vortex Structures, Turbulence (Moscow, 25-30 August 2006). The study of vortex motion is of great interest to fluid and gas dynamics: since all real flows are vortical in nature, applications of the vortex theory are extremely diverse, many of them (e.g. aircraft dynamics, atmospheric and ocean phenomena) being especially important.

The first four volumes of Pseudomonas series covered the biology of pseudomonads in a wide context, including the niches they inhabit, the taxonomic relations among members of this group, the molecular biology of gene expression in different niches and under different environmental conditions, the analysis of virulence traits in plants, animals and human pathogens as well as the determinants that make some strains useful for biotechnological applications and promotion of plant growth.Pseudomonas volume 5 is intended to collect new information on the genomics of saprophytic soil Pseudomonas, as well as functions related to genomic islands. Pseudomonas are ubiquitous inhabitants and this volume explores life styles in different settings and sheds further insights on the wide metabolic potential of this microbe for the removal of pollutants and production of added-value products. This volume also explores how Pseudomonas responds and reacts to environmental signals, including detection of cell density. This fifth volume covers the following topics:GenomicsPhysiology and metabolismDatabasesGene regulationPathogenesisCatabolism and biotransformations.Pseudomonas volume 5 will be of use to researchers working on these bacteria, particularly those studying virulence, genomics, physiology, biotechnology, biotransformations, etc. Advanced students in biology, medicine and agronomy will also find this volume a valuable reference during their studies.

Forest mensuration is one of the most fundamental disciplines within forest and related sciences. It deals with the measurement of trees and stands and the analysis of the resultant information. During the early days of sustained forest management simple measurement and estimation methods and with the analysis of inventory and research data were available. The middle of last c- tury, however, witnessed a worldwide increase in the need for more quan- tative information about trees and stands. This generated the need for more sophisticated methods to obtain and analyze forest data. This development was followed by a phenomenal explosion of information. During the past decades there has been fruitful cooperation between the Institute of Forest Inventory and Forest Growth, formerly "e;Institute of Forest Management and Forest Yield Sciences"e; of the University of Gottingen, * Germany and the Faculty of Forestry of the University of Stellenbosch, South Africa. This book is one of the results of this fruitful cooperation between these institutions.

The Technical University of Lisbon (UTL) is celebrating this year its 75th anniversary. Being a jubilee occasion, a full program of events took place, including a two-day Symposium on the research at UTL. This Symposium addressed the state-of-art in major areas of excellence at UTL. Science, technology and innovation and the way universities and society in general, create, use and disseminate knowledge have gained a growing signi?cance over the last decades. UTL no doubt embeds a relevant potential of excellence in different areas of research in basic and applied sciences, which bears its development on the basis of a ¿research university¿ model. This book contains the edited version of the invited lectures that were delivered by prominent researchers at UTL. This book brings together in a review manner a comprehensive summary of high quality research contri- tions across basic and applied sciences. The contributing papers are organized around the following major areas: ¿ Emergent areas (Nanosciences, Quantic Computations and Infor- tion, Risk and Volatility in Financial Markets); ¿ Basic Sciences (Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry and Materials); ¿ Social Sciences, Economics and Management Sciences; ¿ Life Sciences and Biotechnology; ¿ Engineering and Technologies ¿ Nature, Environment and Sustainability; ¿ Public Health, Food Quality and Safety; ¿ Health and Sport Sciences; ¿ Urbanism, Transports, Architecture, Arts and Design. The transdisciplinary nature of most areas aims to stress a compelling sense of purpose in the work developed.

In an era where climate change, natural catastrophes and land degradation are major issues, the conservation of soil and vegetation in mountainous or sloping regions has become an international priority. How to avoid substrate mass movementthroughlandslidesanderosionusingsustainableandecologicallysoundtechniquesisrapidlybecominga scienti?c domain where knowledge from many different ?elds is required. These proceedings bring together papers from geotechnical and civil engineers, biologists, ecologists and foresters, who discuss current problems in slope stabilityresearch,andhowtoaddressthoseproblemsusinggroundbio-andeco-engineeringtechniques.Aselection of papers were previously published in Special Editions of Plant and Soil (2005), volume 278, 1-179, and in the Journal of Geotechnical and Geological Engineering (2006), volume 24, 427-498. Ground bioengineering methods integrate civil engineering techniques with natural materials to obtain fast, effective and economic methods of protecting, restoring and maintaining the environment whereas eco-engineering has been de?ned as a long-term ecological strategy to manage a site with regard to natural or man-made hazards. Studies on slope instability, erosion, soil hydrology, mountain ecology, land use and restoration and how to mitigate theseproblemsusingvegetationarepresentedbybothscientistsandpractitioners.Papersencompassmanyaspectsof this multidisciplinary subject, including the mechanisms and modelling of root reinforcement and the development of decision support systems, areas where signi?cant advances have been made in recent years.