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From 5 to 15 August 1984, a group of 79 physicists from 61 laboratories in 26 countries met in Erice for the 22nd Course of the International School of Subnuclear Physics.

The first instruments to expand the observational range of the human eye were simple optical systems, designed in the case of microscopes and telescopes to magnify the image.

However, the emphasis was still on collision-induced absorption in compressed gases, although some work on liquids, solid H , and related subjects such as ro 2 tational relaxation was included.

Ten years ago the Sunnner Institute on "Trends in Particle The­ ory" was held in Bonn. Among other subj ects J. Wess spoke on his work wi th B. ZlDllino on "Fermi - Bose-Supersymmetry". In the meantime this subject has developed into one of the most exciting fields of research and the Bonn Summer Institute (August 20 - August 31 1984) was devoted exclusively to supersymmetry. The main aim of the Summer Institute was to provide a compre­ hensive introduction for mainly young post-doctoral theoretical physicists to the currently most discussed subjects in supersynnne­ try and supergravity. The intention was to emphasize the pedagogi­ cal presentation. The seminars given in addition to the introduc­ tory lectures treat more specialized subjects and are closer to research reports. Since the topics, ranging fromalgebraic structures to experimental implications do not arrange easily in a one-dimension­ al array, the lectures are reproduced in alphabetic order of the lec­ turers. The Summer Institute was made possible by the NATO Advanced Study Programme, additional support was granted by the Bundesmi­ nisterium für Forschung und Technologie and the Ministerium für Wissenschaft und Forschung of Nordrhein-Westfalen. We gratefully acknowledge their cooperation. It is a pleasure to thank the lecturers and seminar speakers for the effort invested in the presentation of the lectures and in their collaboration in preparing the written notes.

The international Workshop on "Data Analysis in Astronomy" was in­ tended to give a presentation of experiences that have been acqui­ red in data analysis and image processing, developments and appli­ cations that are steadly growing up in Astronomy. The quality and the quantity of ground and satellite observations require more so­ phisticated data analysis methods and better computational tools. The Workshop has reviewed the present state of the art, explored new methods and discussed a wide range of applications. The topics which have been selected have covered the main fields of interest for data analysis in Astronomy. The Workshop has been focused on the methods used and their significant applications. Results which gave a major contribution to the physical interpre­ tation of the data have been stressed in the presentations. Atten­ tion has been devoted to the description of operational system for data analysis in astronomy. The success of the meeting has been the results of the coordinated effort of several people from the organizers to those who presen­ ted a contribution and/or took part in the discussion. We wish to thank the members of the Workshop scientific committee Prof. M. Ca­ paccioli, Prof. G.De Biase, Prof. G.Sedmak, Prof. A.Zichichi and of the local organizing committee Dr.R.Buccheri and Dr. M.C.Macca­ rone together with Miss P.Savalli and Dr. A.Gabriele of the E.Majo­ rana Center for their support and the unvaluable part in arranging the Workshop.

The present meeting was organized in view of the fact that scientists working in different fields - mathematicians, theoretical physicists, solid state physicists, nuclear physicists, chemists and others - had common problems.

This book is based on the papers delivered at an International Workshop on Multiple Sclerosis held in Erice, Italy from 29th August to 1st September 1983. The Meeting was organized with great efficiency in the delightful setting of the Centro di Cultura Scientifica Ettore Mahorana, by its Director, Antonino Zichichi, and was directed by the Editors of the Proceedings and by Professor C. Alvisi of the University of Bologna. The emphasis was deliberately on the contributions of laboratory science to the understanding of mUltiple sclerosis, its etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment. Where so much is unknown, disagreement was expected and indeed welcome, and it is regrettable that it was not possible to publish verbatim the often animated and always interesting discussion. Differing views on the relevance of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis to multiple sclerosis were expressed by Dr. Wisniewski, Professor Seitelberger and Professor Alvord, who graphi­ cally illustrated his changing beliefs over the years. Professor Seitelberger laid much greater emphasis on remyelination in remission in mUltiple sclerosis than had previously been the accepted view. The disorder of both humoral and cellular immunity in multiple scler­ osis was discussed by Dr. Roos and Professor Link. Dr. Gilden described how recombinative techniques might be applied to the detec­ tion of a virus in multiple sclerosis. The continued inability to detect any antigen to match the oligoclonal IgG bands in the CSF in multiple sclerosis patients was disappointing and there was an increasing tendency to regard the bands as "nonsense" antibodies.

Acknowledgements. - Valuable support for the Forum came from the Cancer Research Campaign, from Johnson Matthey & Co., and from U. K. pharmaceutical companies - Beechams, Glaxo, ICI and Smith, Kline & French. Moreover, some speakers came without full financial coverage. The choice of presentations was guided by Honorary Advisers including Drs. S.H. Curry (Chairman), J.A.F. de Silva, L.E. Martin, J. Chamberlain and G.G. Skellern. Drs. Jim Leppard and Joan Reid are thanked for Index drafting. As mentioned in the text, some Figs. have already appeared in journals, whose publishers (e.g. Elsevier, Dekker, Preston) are thanked: sources include Journal of Chroma­ tography, Journal of Liquid Chromatography and Journal of Chromatographic Science, also (art. #E-S) a Wiley book edited by M. Trimble. Abbreviations.- In connection with HPLC ('LC' is a pet aver­ sion) this Editor has often deplored the upstart use of 'ECD'-a term hallowed by its GC usage as in art. #F -2 later in the book. To connote 'electrochemical' the term 'EC' is now used, but 'ECD' is reserved for the electron-capture detector. Other abbreviations which, although well known, are generally defined in each article concerned include NP, normal-phase [HPLC); RP, reverse(d)-phase; i.s., internal standard; MS, mass spectrometry (EI, electron-impact; CI, chemic,al-ionization); RIA, radioimmunoassay; UV, ultraviolet (usually absorbance).

The first conference in this series, devoted principally to the interaction of positrons in gases, was held at York University, Toronto, in July 1981 immediately preceding the XII ICPEAC in Gatlinburg, and the proceedings were published in the Canadian Journal of Physics, volume 60 (1982).

This volume contains lectures and seminars presented at the Nato Advanced Study Institute on "Laser Applications to Chemistry" held at San Miniato (Pisa) Italy, June 27 - July 11, 1982.

This volume records the proceedings at the Sixth School of Thoracic Medicine held at the Ettore Majorana School of International Scientific Culture in June 1982.

NATO Advanced Research Institutes are designed to explore unre­ solved problems. By focusing complementary expertise from various disciplines onto one unifying theme, they approach old problems in new ways. In line with this goal of the NATO Science Committee, and with substantial support from the u.s. Office of Naval Research and the Seabed Assessment Program of the u.s. National Science Founda­ tion, such a Research Institute on the theme of Coastal Qpw!llinq and Its Sediment Record was held September 1-4, 1981, in Vilamoura, Portuqal. The theme implies a modification of uniformitarian thinking in earth science. Expectations were directed not so much towards find­ ing the key to the past as towards explorinq the limits of interpret­ inq the past based on present upwelling oceanography. Coastal up­ wellinq and its imprint on sediments are particularly well-suited for such a scientific inquiry. The oceanic processes and conditions characteristic of upwelling are well understood and are a well­ packaqed representation of ocean science that are familiar to qeolo­ gists, just as the maqnitude of bioproduction and sedimentation in upwellinq reqimes --among other bioloqical and geoloqical processes-­ have made oceanographers realize that the bottom has a feedback role for their models.

He derives many results that are of interest to practical structural engineers, such as optimum designs of structural elements submerged in a flowing fluid (which is of obvious interest in aircraft design, in ship building, in designing turbines, etc.).

The purpose of this series is to provide an overview of recent research de velopments in the field of alcoholism so that interested professionals and researchers may keep abreast of this complex, multidisciplinary work.

Proceedings of a NATO ASI held in Les Arcs (Alps), France, September 6-19, 1981

In September 1980, the Special Programme Panel on Systems Sciences of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) sponsored an Advanced Research Institute (ARI) on "Systems Analysis in Urban Policy-Making and Planning" which was held at New College, Univer sity of Oxford, from 21st to 27th September.

The solid, liquid, and gaseous states are ordinary states, but the fourth state of matter, the plasma state, has retained a somewhat extraordinary character. The study of matter in the ionized state comprises a large diversity of problems belonging to many different branches of phys ics.

A group of geoscientists from a number of NATO countries met under NATO sponsorship in Copenhagen on February 27 and 28, 1978, and formulated a proposal entitled "EVOLUTION OF THE GREENLAND­ ICELAND-FAEROE-SCOTLAND RIDGE, A KEY AREA IN MARINE GEOSCIENCE". This part of the North Atlantic Ocean is of particular interest because of its anomalously shallow bathymetry which has profoundly influenced many aspects of the evolution of the North Atlantic. The proposed investigations therefore aim to study the deep crustal structure including relationship of continental and oceanic crust, history of subsidence of the ridge including its past role as a land bridge, age of the oceanic basement along it and its history of formation, and the influence of the ridge on Tertiary and Quaternary depositional palaeoenvironments. In furtherance of this proposal, it is intended to carry out a series of seismic and drilling operations on the Ridge during the coming years. These major marine investigations will be mainly funded from national sources. An important preliminary stage to the project is the collec­ tion and synthesis of available data. NATO has already approved a small budget for this purpose which has enabled a geoscientist to work partly at the Department of Geological Sciences of Durham University, UK, and partly at Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, USA, for about six months to compile the data. The most important map showing magnetic anomalies and lineations in the area, is included in a pocket at the back of this volume.

It is immediately obvious that if stratospheric ozone were reduced and consequently the intensity of solar ultraviolet radiation reaching the earth's surface were increased, then human skin cancer, known to be related to solar ultraviolet exposure, would also be increased.

The 1979 Cargese Summer Institute on Quarks and Leptons was organized by the Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris (M. LEVY and J.-L. BASDEVANT), CERN (M. JACOB), the Universite Catholi~ue de Louvain (D. SPEISER and J. WEYERS), and the Katholieke Universiteit te Leuven (R. GASTMANS), who, like in 1975 and 1977, had joined their efforts and worked in common. It was the 20th Summer Institute held at Cargese and the 5th one organized by the two institutes of theoretical physics at Leuven and Louvain-la­ Neuve. This time, the school was dominated by the impressive advances which were made in the field of perturbative ~uantum chromodyna­ mics and its applications to high energy phenomena involving strongly interacting particles. The unification of weak and electromagnetic interactions being well established, a new picture in particle physics emerges wherein a possible unification of weak, electromagnetic, and strong forces is put forward. Its conse~uences were also discussed in detail. Finally, to complete the picture of the present status of high energy physics, experi­ mentalists from the major laboratories around the world reported on the latest developments in electron-positron scattering, neutrino induced reactions, and hadron collisions. We owe many thanks to all those who have made this Summer Institute possible! Thanks are due to the Scientific Committee of NATO and its President for a generous grant and especially to the head of the Scientific Affairs Division, Dr. M. DI LULLO for his constant help and encouragements.

The Third International School on Energetics was devoted to the subject of Energy for the Year 2000. To give us an overview we started the School by discussing U.S. energy policy and possible U.S. energy scenarios.

This book has its or1g1n in a NATO Summer School organized from June 25 to July 7 1979, in Menton, France. The need of putting together these lectures, in the form of a monograph, clearly appeared during the ASI and the lecturers accepted to write down the material they presented at the Institute, improved thanks to the remarks of the participants.

The theory of General Relativity, after its invention by Albert Einstein, remained for many years a monument of mathemati cal speculation, striking in its ambition and its formal beauty, but quite separated from the main stream of modern Physics, which had centered, after the early twenties, on quantum mechanics and its applications.

In the first half of this century, great strides were made in under standing the behavior of polymers in dilute solutions or in the solid state.

To the Instructor We are seeing an increased need for a one-year While the language of calculus is indispensable survey of physics, at the calculus level, and with here, its manipulative power will, with some regret, the inclusion of some modern physics.

The 1987 joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference was held at the Pheasant Run Resort, St. Charles, lliinois from June 14 to 18.

This book represents the first comprehensive review of this growing area of research and covers the basic theory underlying the method, numerous state of the art strategies designed to improve throughput and dozen examples wherein free energy calculations were used to design and evaluate potential drug candidates.

This text examines the dominant ways of looking at patient/clinician relationships in healthcare.

Now in paperback, this classic book offers a powerful framework for clinicians seeking to rethink their approach to the therapeutic relationship. It begins with the theory behind Functional Analytic Psychotherapy (FAP), explaining why clients' unique needs may extend beyond well-mapped routes to change.