Bøger udgivet af Springer Verlag, Singapore

An increased incidence of hypospadias is found globally, and the current management techniques and research studies of hypospadiology face significant challenges and limitations. This book sheds light on the recent struggles encountered in hypospadias-related clinical practice and research methodologies. Various writings were incorporated by people on different disciplines linked to the overall phases of diagnosis and care of hypospadias patients. Special attention is given to new perspectives from different interrelated disciplines trying to overcome these obstacles. This book fills in a void in the new related discoveries traditionally given scant consideration in the currently dominated literature. It provides a useful source for the recent updates, ongoing controversies, and future research trajectories in hypospadiology, which benefits pediatric, plastic, reconstructive, and urology surgeons and trainees and helps examiners focus on updated materials.

This book provides an overview of data mining methods in the field of business. Business management faces challenges in serving customers in better ways, in identifying risks, and analyzing the impact of decisions. Of the three types of analytic tools, descriptive analytics focuses on what has happened and predictive analytics extends statistical and/or artificial intelligence to provide forecasting capability. Chapter 1 provides an overview of business management problems. Chapter 2 describes how analytics and knowledge management have been used to better cope with these problems. Chapter 3 describes initial data visualization tools. Chapter 4 describes association rules and software support. Chapter 5 describes cluster analysis with software demonstration. Chapter 6 discusses time series analysis with software demonstration. Chapter 7 describes predictive classification data mining tools. Applications of the context of management are presented in Chapter 8. Chapter 9 covers prescriptive modeling in business and applications of artificial intelligence.

This book explores the authors' legal thinking on artificial intelligence (AI), a topic of burgeoning interest in the technology sector and among the general public. As part of the Human Intelligence book series, it primarily addresses the legislative and philosophical challenges posed by AI technology. A key philosophical concern discussed is the implications of AI surpassing human intelligence in certain domains, particularly the definition of rights and responsibilities for robots. Without clear resolutions to these issues, the deployment of AI technology may face significant hurdles. The book covers various aspects, including the legal recognition of robots as rights-holders, strategies for implementing these rights, assigning responsibilities to robots, intellectual property rights for robotic inventions, personality rights for companion robots, and an evaluation of the pros and cons of a binary legal system.

This open access book examines the effects of global education agendas such as digitalization, innovation and entrepreneurship, education in emergencies, globalization-internationalization, diversity, and sustainability on education reforms in several countries and regions. It explores how increasing international interaction and communication tools bring along a more intense convergence in national education policies. It emphasizes that in todays' world education politicians and experts in different parts of the world follow the global agenda more effectively and increase reform initiatives. Hence, in order to understand national education policies more deeply, it is important to pay attention to their global context. It explains that education reforms in countries are heavily influenced by both national and global agendas. Chapters in this book analyze the reflections of these global agendas on educational reforms of the country/countries chosen to focus on. Chapter authors draw attention to the impacts of reforms on several aspects of education like pedagogy, curriculum, teacher training, and educational administration.

This open access book aims to present the cutting-edge research of scholars from the Global South, where scholars from developing countries have begun to join in the production of knowledges of Area Studies and have produced a large body of excellent works of Area Studies based on a variety of disciplines.Articles of this book have been developed from 11 papers which were presented at the 2nd Tsinghua Area Studies Forum, to represent a range of area studies subjects and regions. The book is divided into five chapters that either analyze regional country issues (regions in the world) from the perspective of global linkages and cross-regional linkages or discuss internal issues such as national governance, ethnicity, economy, and civil war, using the nation-state as the unit of analysis.

This book presents essential insights on the interaction between rising risks and raising the bar for resilience during the climate crisis. Its timeliness lies in applying important findings on risk and resilience to runaway climate change. When risk and resilience are brought together in the context of climate catastrophes, three key messages emerge. The first is that accounting for the root causes, and not just their symptoms, is essential to slowing these events. It is therefore vital to link carbon emissions from human activity to the sharp rise in climate disasters globally. The second is that growth economics and policy must factor in the failure of governments and businesses to tackle spillover harm from economic activities, as seen strikingly with global warming AND BIODIVERSITY LOSS. With climate risks rising, this calls for a fundamental revision of the framing of growth in the teaching and practice of business and economics. And third, prevention must become a far bigger part of resilience building, with preparedness to avert or handle tougher eventualities built into interventions. Emphasis on prevention deems disaster recovery as not just returning to how things were but building back better.

¿This book provides a newer definition of political scandal and applies it in a way to remove ¿ordinary corruption¿ from the discussion. It then defines pop culture and examines how scandal and pop culture interact. The discussion addresses the question: when does a scandal actually enter into our pop culture. The mechanisms or vehicles by which this occurs include editorial cartoons, Broadway shows, music, movies, television, and more. The first chapter lays out the two main definitions and gives a bit of historical background to the discussion that follows. This new edition builds on the previous book with analysis of January 6th, George Santos, allegations of election fraud, and Rudy Giuliani.This book works well as a supplement in a course on American Government, in American Studies, and is aimed at a wide range of readers from college freshmen to more advanced scholars and political junkies.

The book is the first to focus on the physical oceanography of the North Indian Ocean (NIO), a special region of the global ocean that exhibits a distinct seasonality due to the impact of the South Asian Monsoon (SAM). It is written as a textbook about the NIO for graduate students, lecturers, and researchers in physical oceanography. It will also be useful for courses on the interior, coastal, and equatorial dynamics in any other ocean. It helps readers, particularly new entrants to the field, to gain a comprehensive understanding of tropical-ocean dynamics by: developing from first principles the equation set for the linear continuously stratified (LCS) model, which has long been used to study tropical oceans; and then obtaining solutions that explore different aspects of the dynamics.Part 1 of the book provides an overview of observed ocean circulations and forcing functions in the NIO that are linked to the SAM.Part 2 develops the equations of motion for the LCS model. Part 3 (Free Waves) and Part 4 (Forced Solutions) derive and discuss analytic solutions to the LCS model that illustrate basic processes in the interior (unbounded), coastal, and equatorial regions of the ocean. The last two chapters of Part 4 consider more complicated processes and phenomena that build upon the simpler solutions previously found: vertical propagation of coastal and equatorial waves, and the Indian Ocean's shallow overturning circulations. Each analytic solution is illustrated (and extended) by a suite of numerical LCS solutions presented as video clips, providing a powerful means for visualizing complex processes.

This book highlights the fundamental physics of orbit theory, dynamical models, methods of orbit determination, design, measurement, adjustment, and complete calculations for the position, tracking, and prediction of satellites and deep spacecraft. It emphasizes specific methods, related mathematical calculations, and worked examples and exercises. Therefore, technicians and engineers in the aerospace industry can directly apply them to their practical work. Dedicated to undergraduate students and graduate students, researchers, and professionals in astronomy, physics, space science, and related aerospace industries, the book is an integrated work based on the accumulated knowledge in satellite orbit dynamics and the author's more than five decades of personal research and teaching experience in astronomy and aerospace dynamics.

This book examines the synthetic approaches, properties, applications, and recyclability of bio-based superabsorbent polymers (SAP) in depth. It describes and compares bio-based SAPs with petro-based SAPs. Additionally, it explores the structure¿property relationships of bio-based SAPs derived from various natural sources. The book covers current and emerging applications in health and hygiene products, agriculture, construction, and other areas. It also explores the recycling and reusing methods available for water recovery, pressure sensitive adhesives, etc. It discusses the issues behind the sharp increase in research attention, namely the prevailing research hotspots/clusters and suggestions with regard to present studies, works that have been significant and pivotal in the development of SAP research, and the current advances and future directions of research. It also presents the emerging applications of superabsorbent polymers.

This book highlights the research outcome of Cities Research Institute's SeaCities group at Griffith University and a panel with the same title which took place at the World Expo in Dubai 2021/22 supported by the UN.It reflects on topics which are relevant for a future aquatic urbanism like the evolution of a taxonomy for aquatic urbanism, island and ecological wetland development, the planning aspects of seascapes, as well as drivers for floating communities and aquacultural urbanism.The book broadens the perspective of the previous book "SeaCities: Urban Tactics for Sea-Level Rise" published in 2021 from a terrestrial towards an amphibious and aquatic understanding of future city development.

This book introduces the basic principles underlying the design and analysis of the digital communication systems that have heralded the information revolution. One major goal of the book is to demonstrate the role of the digital communication principles in a wide variety of data science applications, including community detection, computational biology, speech recognition and machine learning. One defining feature of this book is to make an explicit connection between the communication principles and data science problems, as well as to succinctly deliver the ¿story¿ of how the communication principles play a role for trending data science applications. All the key ¿plots¿ involved in the story are coherently developed with the help of tightly coupled exercise problem sets, and the associated fundamentals are explored mostly from first principles. Another key feature is that it includes programming implementation of a variety of algorithms inspired by fundamentals, together with a brief tutorial of the used programming tools. The implementation is based on Python and TensorFlow. This book does not follow a traditional book-style organization, but is streamlined via a series of lecture notes that are intimately related, centered around coherent storylines and themes. It serves as a textbook mainly for a junior- or senior-level undergraduate course, yet is also suitable for a first-year graduate course. Readers benefit from having a good background in probability and random processes, and basic familiarity with Python. But the background can be supplemented by almost self-contained materials, as well as by numerous exercise problems intended for elaborating on non-trivial concepts. In addition, Part III for data science applications should provide motivation and insights to students and even professional scientists who are interested in the field.

This book provides theoretical background and state-of-the-art findings in artificial intelligence and cybersecurity for industry 4.0 and helps in implementing AI-based cybersecurity applications. Machine learning-based security approaches are vulnerable to poison datasets which can be caused by a legitimate defender's misclassification or attackers aiming to evade detection by contaminating the training data set. There also exist gaps between the test environment and the real world. Therefore, it is critical to check the potentials and limitations of AI-based security technologies in terms of metrics such as security, performance, cost, time, and consider how to incorporate them into the real world by addressing the gaps appropriately. This book focuses on state-of-the-art findings from both academia and industry in big data security relevant sciences, technologies, and applications.¿

In a highly accessible style, this book presents a narrative history of the quantum theory with the new developments that intrigue all inquisitive minds. Quantum theory is counter-intuitive and sometimes downright weird. Even Nobel Laureate physicists like Richard Feynman admit that they do not understand it. Yet, so far, there is not a shred of experimental data that conflicts with its predictions. Its effect on our lives is bound to increase with the quantum information era ushered in by the great Bohr¿Einstein debate. Tantalizing applications of quantum information like teleportation, spy-proof communication, super-fast quantum computers, and more are going to influence our lives and change our beliefs about the nature of physical reality. This book takes the reader on an exhilarating journey through the intellectual history of quantum that is turning out to be more surprising every day.

Based on the clinical experiences and results of more than 50 years, this book discusses the theory and best practices of using pillows. It focuses on pillow requirements that address the issue with sleeping posture as well as the history and analysis of problems with the usage of pillows that are now on the market. The book also emphasizes sleep disorders, such as sleep apnea syndrome, as issues that can be resolved by pillows in addition to orthopedic spinal illnesses. Additionally, it describes the significance of utilizing mattresses, comforters, nightwears and other physical elements like lighting and temperature to create a conducive sleeping environment. The topic of keeping proper sleeping posture is also addressed. Since 1972, the author and her father have examined more than 120,000 patients and created a pillow adjustment technique. The authors have developed a method to identify the specific pillow height change that improves the patient's condition based onthese data sets. The patient's condition has significantly improved as a result of the findings, and the book details the most recent development in the study. Professionals can incorporate the findings into their medical procedures to help individuals with their symptoms. Medical professionals who can use the technique and impart the knowledge to their patients, such as doctors, nurses, and engineers, are the intended audience. The English manuscript was created using machine translation (by the service DeepL.com), followed by the author revising, editing, and verifying the translated content.

Fashion, and the growth of fashion, are presented as the manifestation of a process of civilization, within a capitalist culture (capital understood as material possessions) that has become global and imperialist, of which - in an economic sense - the industry (or the fashion system?) functions as one of its main instruments of exploitation. And with respect to design, Arturo Escobar said:"Can design detach itself from its roots in modernist practices of unsustainability and defuturization and reorient itself towards other commitments, practices, narratives and ontological enactions? Moreover, can design be part of the toolkit for the transition to the pluriverze (i.e. a world in which many worlds can fit)?"This book presents the importance of cultural sustainability in the textiles and fashion industry, decolonizing fashion system and promotes the design for transitions.

The book opens a magic miniature world of electronics to the reader. The book addresses what small means in terms of electronics and what clean means in terms of modern electronic technology. Consequently, the reader understands why the most advanced civilization of the ancient world ¿ the Egyptians ¿ was not capable to do electronics. The book also discusses functionalities of the low-voltage electronic components with the aim to implement them in electronic circuit design. At the same time, it also opens the space of electronic component design to the readers be it discrete or integrated. The book has an introduction section, 11 chapters, an appendix, index, and list of literature. Appendix A discusses a set of solved problems, Appendix B presents SPICE simulation examples, and Appendix C presents component numbering in marketing environment.

This book discusses various passive and active techniques for controlling unsteady flow dynamics and associated coupled mechanics of fluid-structure interaction. Coupled multiphysics and multidomain simulations are emerging and challenging research areas, which have received significant attention during the past decade. One of the most common multiphysics and multidomain problems is fluid-structure interaction (FSI), i.e., the study of coupled physical systems involving fluid and a structure that have a mechanical influence on each other. Regardless of the application area, the investigation toward modeling of fluid-structure interaction and the underlying mechanisms in dealing with coupled fluid-structure instability with real-world applications remains a challenge to scientists and engineers. This book is designed for students and researchers who seek knowledge of computational modeling and control strategies for fluid-structure interaction. Specifically, this book provides acomprehensive review of the underlying unsteady physics and coupled mechanical aspects of the fluid-structure interaction of freely vibrating bluff bodies, the self-induced flapping of thin flexible structures, and aeroelasticity of shell structures. Understanding flow-induced loads and vibrations can lead to safer and cost-effective structures, especially for light and high-aspect ratio structures with increased flexibility and harsh environmental conditions. Using the body-fitted and moving mesh formulations, the physical insights associated with structure-to-fluid mass ratios, Reynolds number, nonlinear structural deformation, proximity interference, near-wall contacts, free-surface, and other interacting physical fields are covered in this book. In conjunction with the control techniques, data-driven model reduction approaches based on subspace projection and deep neural calculus are covered for low-dimensional modeling of unsteady fluid-structure interaction.

This book focuses on current trends in cultural heritage conservation and their influence on heritage practice. Seen through the lenses of World Heritage, historic urban landscapes, heritage tourism, climate change or the nature/culture nexus, these challenges call for innovative approaches to protect and conserve our heritage places. The book brings together the voices of different stakeholders in the heritage conservation process, ranging from scholars, site managers and government officials to young professionals and students.

Targeted to graduate students of mathematics, this book discusses major topics like the Lie group in the study of smooth manifolds. It is said that mathematics can be learned by solving problems and not only by just reading it. To serve this purpose, this book contains a sufficient number of examples and exercises after each section in every chapter. Some of the exercises are routine ones for the general understanding of topics. The book also contains hints to difficult exercises. Answers to all exercises are given at the end of each section. It also provides proofs of all theorems in a lucid manner. The only pre-requisites are good working knowledge of point-set topology and linear algebra.

The book is intended to serve as an introductory course in group theory geared towards second-year university students. It aims to provide them with the background needed to pursue more advanced courses in algebra and to provide a rich source of examples and exercises. Studying group theory began in the late eighteenth century and is still gaining importance due to its applications in physics, chemistry, geometry, and many fields in mathematics. The text is broadly divided into three parts. The first part establishes the prerequisite knowledge required to study group theory. This includes topics in set theory, geometry, and number theory. Each of the chapters ends with solved and unsolved exercises relating to the topic. By doing this, the authors hope to fill the gaps between all the branches in mathematics that are linked to group theory. The second part is the core of the book which discusses topics on semigroups, groups, symmetric groups, subgroups, homomorphisms, isomorphism, and Abelian groups. The last part of the book introduces SAGE, a mathematical software that is used to solve group theory problems. Here, most of the important commands in SAGE are explained, and many examples and exercises are provided.

The book starts off by giving a quick overview of the main phases within the history of philosophy in the Western tradition. It then homes in on the "modern" phase and proceeds to select key thinkers that represent that slice from the rich intellectual heritage of the West. The main chapters have these thinkers' names as heading. The work is meant to be expository and discursive, suited to introduce the neophyte in philosophy to some of the big questions asked by philosophers and their methods of addressing these questions as well as their unique proposed answers. The coverage is selective rather than extensive; and hence, only a small portion of the philosopher's corpus of writings will be hand-picked and considered.Peter Chong-Beng Gan's interest in philosophy encompasses several fields, but his favourite is philosophy of religion. Apart from research and writing, teaching a philosophy class with enthusiastic students ever eager to engage their teacher and challenge him and their classmates with difficult and mind-blowing questions never fails to affirm him in why he's doing what he's doing.

Data is a core asset in the current development of information technology and needs to be stored efficiently and reliably to serve many important real-world applications such as the Internet, big data, artificial intelligence, and high-performance computing. Generations of researchers and practitioners have continued to innovate the design of storage systems to achieve the goals of high performance, ease of use, and high reliability.This textbook provides a thorough and comprehensive introduction to the field of data storage. With 14 chapters, the book not only covers the basics of storage devices, storage arrays, storage protocols, key-value stores, file systems, network storage architecture, distributed storage systems, storage reliability, storage security, and data protection, but also provides in-depth discussions on advanced topics such as storage maintenance, storage solutions, and storage technology trends and developments (e.g., in-storage computing, persistent memory system, blockchain storage, and in-network storage system). For each section, the authors have attempted to provide the latest current academic and industry research progress that will help readers deepen their understanding and application of basic data storage concepts.This textbook is ideal for storage courses targeting upper-level undergraduate or graduate students in computer science and related disciplines. It also serves as a valuable reference for technical professionals.

This textbook comprehensively explores the foundational principles, algorithms, and applications of intelligent optimization, making it an ideal resource for both undergraduate and postgraduate artificial intelligence courses. It remains equally valuable for active researchers and individuals engaged in self-study. Serving as a significant reference, it delves into advanced topics within the evolutionary computation field, including multi-objective optimization, dynamic optimization, constrained optimization, robust optimization, expensive optimization, and other pivotal scientific studies related to optimization. Designed to be approachable and inclusive, this textbook equips readers with the essential mathematical background necessary for understanding intelligent optimization. It employs an accessible writing style, complemented by extensive pseudo-code and diagrams that vividly illustrate the mechanisms, principles, and algorithms of optimization. With a focus on practicality, this textbook provides diverse real-world application examples spanning engineering, games, logistics, and other domains, enabling readers to confidently apply intelligent techniques to actual optimization problems. Recognizing the importance of hands-on experience, the textbook introduces the Open-source Framework for Evolutionary Computation platform (OFEC) as a user-friendly tool. This platform serves as a comprehensive toolkit for implementing, evaluating, visualizing, and benchmarking various optimization algorithms. The book guides readers on maximizing the utility of OFEC for conducting experiments and analyses in the field of evolutionary computation, facilitating a deeper understanding of intelligent optimization through practical application.

This open access book thoroughly investigates the domain of policy design tailored specifically for micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) with a central emphasis on harmonizing these policies with the preexisting social capital inherent to these enterprises, consistent with the mandate of Bank Indonesia to guard price stability and to promote financial stability, inclusive, and sustainable growth."Professor Iwan Jaya Azis has made yet another substantial and original contribution to the literature on economic development ... This study, on micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs), is a continuation of his life-long professional career, to focus on key development and policy issues. ... advocates an approach to listen, that is, to talk to the actors in a variety of economic and ecological settings, and to design policies accordingly. All too often, this seemingly obvious methodology has been ignored in favor of a top-down approach." (Hal Hill, H.W. Arndt Professor Emeritus of the Southeast Asian Economies, Crawford School, Australian National University)"Iwan Azis's "Listen and Design" is another great new book of his ... building on its predecessor "Periphery and Small Ones Matter", it shows that the success of policy programs requires understanding the prevailing social capital ... To do this requires listening to MSMEs so as to "align the preferences of enterprises and policy makers." ... This is the third, great contribution of Iwan Azis book for all development economists and policy makers." (Ludger Schuknecht, Former German Federal Ministry of Finance, ex-OECD Deputy Secretary-General, and currently Vice President and Corporate Secretary of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB))"The role of micro, small, and medium enterprises is crucial in contributing to the development process. Early in the structural transformation, these enterprises are in the informal sector and gradually move into the formal sector as they learn more efficient business practices. The important contribution of this book is that it successfully searches for policies that can speed up this process and make these enterprises more efficient and productive. The methodology used by the author is original. ... This book deserves to be read by researchers and policymakers interested in micro enterprises." (Erik Thorbecke, H.E. Babcock Professor of Economics (Emeritus), Cornell University)"There have been many analyses and studies on MSMEs, but Iwan Azis' book tops them all in terms of evidence base, innovative approach with the AHP and ANP methodology something the author has worked for decades, and most of all written with the heart by recognizing that people are at the center of development and the importance of social capital ... This is an incredible reference for all stakeholders from governments, networks of MSMEs, facilitators, and all those who care about people and community centered development." (Mari E Pangestu, Former Trade Minister of Indonesia and Managing Director of Development Policy and Partnerships, World Bank)

This book elaborates on the project of continuing education and training (CET), its purposes, practices and prospects for future models and approaches. As such, it also seeks to elaborate the needs for a means by which this important educational sector can achieve its goals both now, and in the near future. Often seen as a supplementary or additional educational sector, CET is gaining increased relevance and importance given the need for individuals to remain employable across lengthening working lives, enterprises needing to maintain their viability and nation states requiring skilled workforces to deliver the goods and services they require. Drawing upon an extensive review of literature and grounded in a national multi-phased investigation of how CET is currently provided, might be enhanced and envisaged for the future, this book provides both clear premises for proceeding with this important educational sector in an era of growing concerns about the currency of workforce capacities, and sustaining employability across lengthening working lives. It also provides advice on how its goals can be achieved drawing upon evidence from this investigation, and associated literature from the broader field.

This book presents contemporary STEM education research conducted by mathematics education researchers and their collaborators which highlights the important and pivotal role of mathematics in school STEM education. It showcases evidence of the types of integrated curriculum approaches to STEM education which highlight mathematics as a key component and where mathematical concepts can be learnt through integrated tasks. These examples challenge the idea that mathematics is just an application or ¿servant¿ to the other STEM subjects and highlight the contribution that mathematics can make to the understanding and practices of the other STEM subjects. This book fills a void in the current research literature on the role of mathematics in STEM education, provides evidence of the possibilities for designing integrated STEM curriculum and highlights current understandings of the role of mathematics in school STEM education. For researchers, it identifies and elaborates gaps to encourage further exploration in this field.