Bøger udgivet af World Scientific Publishing Company

The impacts of population growth, climate change, and water scarcity and variability on a country's economy or society, in addition to the sheer need to harness international rivers for domestic and regional purposes, have made the management of transboundary freshwater a subject of great import. Over the past several decades, research in various disciplines utilizing a variety of methodologies has explored these issues, focusing on freshwater's strategic importance as well as conflict, cooperation, and negotiation over shared water bodies (rivers, lakes, aquifers).This multi-volume set seeks to contribute to this still burgeoning body of literature by focusing on several key themes that can help explain and recognize successes and failures in transboundary freshwater management. In particular, the set seeks to bring together original scholarship focusing on institutions (formal and informal), international water law, technology, and the nexus of domestic and inter-state affairs. Each edited volume in the set aims to build on extant research while also fostering new paths of inquiry. Overall, the set seeks to become a guide for both academics and practitioners hoping to better understand the joint management of this precious natural resource from socio-political, legal, economic, and technological perspectives.Volume 1 explores international law for shared freshwater resources -- both surface and subsurface waters -- from a multidisciplinary perspective. It explains the role of international water law (IWL) (and/or specific norms) within particular contexts/case studies and critically examines that role and its relative success (or failure) in achieving the intended objectives.Volume 2 explores the roles of, and limitations of, technologies and their applications in the management of transboundary water and wastewater. It presents case studies and legal, and political analyses that focus on the potential or actual roles and implications of the technologies in transboundary policy and management, rather than detailed explications of the technologies themselves.While formal and informal institution (i.e., norms, river basin organizations, treaties) formation cannot guarantee perfect cooperation between states over their transboundary water resources, these contracts nevertheless remain important tools for scholars and policymakers to examine in an attempt to learn of pathways to help mitigate tension and conflict between states. Volume 3 contributes to the growing literature seeking to understand how, when, and if institutions (broadly defined) impact states' abilities to address their joint water disputes. The volume presents a combination of single, comparative, and empirical analyses of cases across the world about the role of institutions in facilitating collaboration over transboundary water resources (rivers, lakes, and aquifers) and mitigating conflict.Volume 4 seeks to make sense of the interplay of domestic and international dynamics in explaining conflict and cooperation over water through single or comparative case studies as well as analyses of on-the-ground transboundary water management experiences arising from these complex political dynamics.

These volumes comprise of essays by Singapore thought-leaders republished from various issues of the annual journal of the National University of Singapore Society called Commentary.

This book presents a series of lectures on applied environmental economics and policy covering the following issues: environmental cost-benefit analysis; ecosystem services; ecosystems biodiversity and the economy; and sustainability.The first part introduces basic concepts in environmental cost-benefit analysis and explains in detail the choice of the discount rate. Distributional issues and assessment of risk involved in decision-making criteria, using tools such as sensitivity analysis and Monte Carlo simulations, are discussed.The second part of the lectures deals with ecosystem services and analyzes the concepts of total economic value and quasi-option value. It presents the two landmark global initiatives on ecosystem services: the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment and the Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity. The various methods and approaches for valuing ecosystem services, using revealed and stated preference valuation methods along with their advantages and disadvantages, are explored.In the third part, the links between ecological and economic systems are explored along with the economics of biodiversity where biodiversity-related issues such as metrics, valuation, conservation, and policy design are discussed.The fourth and final part of the lectures deals with sustainability. It covers issues related to measuring sustainable development at the macro level, along with corporate sustainability, and takes a brief look at environmental, social and governance (ESG) reporting.

This compendium gives an overview of computer performance modelling techniques and an in-depth explanation of their principles and practical applications. The book emphasizes selected approximation methods for complex systems, including recent advances in multi-server models.The useful reference text benefits professionals, researchers, academics and graduate students in the fields of computer engineering, operations research and mathematical modeling.

Walter Kohn, 1998 Nobel Laureate in Chemistry and discoverer of the Density Functional Theory (DFT), died in 2016 at the grand age of 93. This book is the first ever biography of Kohn, who led a remarkable life and scientific career, not least the fact that his DFT theory has emerged as the underlying computational method for molecular simulation used throughout the physical and life sciences. Taking us on a compelling journey, Sir David Clary traces Kohn's early life in Vienna and his dramatic escape from the Nazis on the Kindertransport to England in 1939, followed by Kohn's internment as an 'enemy alien' and his transportation to Canada in 1940. His subsequent scientific career is discussed in detail, including his remarkable sabbatical in France when he discovered DFT, and his enduring efforts on peace initiatives and reduction of nuclear proliferation. An extraordinary story of a theoretical physicist winning the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Walter Kohn is a sparkling chronicle of one of the great scientists of the 20th century who forever changed the way contemporary science is done.

The third edition updates the text in two significant ways. First, it updates the presentation to reflect changes that have occurred in financial markets since the publication of the 2nd edition. One such change is with respect to the over-the-counter interest rate derivatives markets and the abolishment of LIBOR as a reference rate. Second, it updates the theory to reflect new research related to asset price bubbles and the valuation of options. Asset price bubbles are a reality in financial markets and their impact on derivative pricing is essential to understand. This is the only introductory textbook that contains these insights on asset price bubbles and options.

This book is a collection of the lectures given during the 55th, 56th and 57th courses of the International School of Subnuclear Physics, which was held in Erice in 2017,2018 and 2019, in June each year. The course covered the most recent advances in theoretical physics and the latest results from current experimental facilities.

The Wolfram language is the programming language of Mathematica, used increasingly by scientists due to its ease of learning and user-friendliness. This book focuses on applications of the Wolfram language to applied mathematics, physics and chemistry. Topics discussed are broad and comprehensive, from differential equations and special functions to fractals and chess, from electromagnetism and optics to relativity and black holes. There is also extensive coverage of quantum theory and quantum chemistry, and the book is peppered with more than 200 color graphics to aid visualization of these concepts. The program codes are provided online as Mathematica notebooks, allowing readers to modify them and manipulate the graphics in real time. This book should be a valuable resource for researchers, educators and students in science and computing who can profit from a more interactive form of instruction.

The management of emergent neuro-ophthalmic conditions can be a life saving encounter for the general ophthalmologist. This book is designed to help comprehensive ophthalmologists make emergency triage decisions for initial evaluation and treatment of potentially vision- or life-threatening conditions. This text is case-based and is intended to provide the reader with the opinion and expertise of two neuro-ophthalmologists. One, Dr Lee is an ophthalmology-based neuro-ophthalmologist and the other, Dr Brazis is a neurology-based neuro-ophthalmologist.In the current edition two, we have updated the content according to the recent advances in ophthalmic investigations and imaging, along with the emergence of recent serological tests for Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody disease (MOGAD) and Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) disease. We also have also provided high-yield summary points after each case for takeaway messages.

The concepts of dark matter and the cosmic web are some of the most significant developments in cosmology in the past century. They have decisively changed the classical cosmological paradigm, which was first elaborated upon during the first half of the 20th century but ran into serious problems in the second half. Today, they are integral parts of modern cosmology, which explains everything from the Big Bang to inflation to the large-scale structure of the Universe.Dark Matter and Cosmic Web Story describes the contributions that led to a paradigm shift from the Eastern point of view. It describes the problems with the classical view, the attempts to solve them, the difficulties encountered by those solutions, and the conferences where the merits of the new concepts were debated. Amidst the science, the story of scientific work in a small country occupied by the Soviet Union and the tumultuous events that led to its breakup are detailed as well.The development of cosmology has often treated as a West-East conflict between the American school led by Jim Peebles in Princeton and the Soviet team led by Yakov Zeldovich in Moscow. Actually, the development of ideas was broader, and a certain role played the Tartu team. The Tartu cosmology school was founded by Ernst Öpik and has its own traditions and attitude to science. In the new edition of the book the interplay between three cosmology schools is written in more detail. The recent development of dark matter and cosmic web studies is described, as well as the evolution of global properties of the cosmic web.This book is accompanied by a website which contains additional material: copies of the originals of some crucial papers, astronomical movies, and movies which showcase the private life of the author. The link is given below: www.aai.ee/ einasto/DarkMatter/In this second edition, two chapters on the statistical description of the cosmic web and its development were added, as well as chapter on the sociology of science. To keep the length of this book reasonable, a lot of reorganisation of the text has been done as well.

In recent decades, there has been a growing interest in the classical formulae of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), some of which trace back centuries or even 1000 to 2000 years. The preservation of numerous traditional texts has endowed TCM doctors with the invaluable ability to tap into the extensive knowledge passed down through the generations. This practice has culminated in the development of Chinese phytotherapy, encompassing a variety of formulae tailored to treat specific syndromes.Expanding the horizons of this holistic treatment approach, typically applied in TCM, holds immense potential when implemented for Western medicinal herbs. This methodology stands poised to be just as effective for Western therapists as it has been for TCM doctors.This book incorporates both the traditional formulae of TCM as well as formulae consisting of Western herbs. Exploring 50 important formulae of TCM, the author delves into the adaptations using Western herbs, such as rosemary, thyme, sage, burdock root, buckthorn bark, etc. Some formulae also include herbs that are commonly found in most households like cardamom, caraway, fennel and aniseed.

The Wonders of Science reveals that the physical world is a far more complex and amazing world than it appears to be, so wondrous that it almost defies comprehension. Brilliant scientists have devoted their lives to uncovering these secrets. However, everyone should be able to share the joy of learning about these wonders. No detailed knowledge of science is required to understand these new discoveries, which include quantum theory, relativity theory, string theory, chaos theory, black holes, dark matter, dark energy, the multidimensional universe, quarks, and much more. These many topics are here described in a clear and accessible presentation that can be enjoyed by everyone.Even the greatest scientists sometimes make mistakes. Included in the book are some of the blunders made by leading scientists, including Nobel Prize winners.

This book examines policies and programs which overcome the barriers that too often impede policy makers and aid agencies from effectively engaging with private health providers to assure and improve care.The private health sector plays a critical role in developing countries, as it often provides a large share of all care. In most countries, it is impossible to improve health services and products without engaging the private sector, and without this engagement health outcomes stagnate. Yet, policy makers and aid agencies often overlook this, preferring to stick with familiar approaches to health goals -- grounded in public agencies and public services. This ingrained public-sector-centrism undermines program effectiveness and sustainability.Using case studies from Bangladesh's tuberculosis program to Estonia's contracted primary care, to Brazil's hospital public-private partnerships, this book gives examples of how policy makers and aid agencies are making efforts to involve the private sector in their health systems. Building from these examples, this book explores the implications for the kind of development assistance that is necessary to be more effective in supporting these initiatives.This book is an invaluable resource for policy makers, analysts, economists, and development specialists looking to improve programs, policies, and systems and leverage all of the resources in low- and middle-income countries to advance public health.

Beneath the Hippocratic Oath: A History of Patient Abuse in Medical Research is a comprehensive exploration of the dark side of medical progress, examining a series of unethical medical experiments conducted over the past century.This book delves into notorious cases like the Tuskegee Syphilis Study, the Guatemala Syphilis Experiment, and the Holmesburg Prison experiments, among others, to shed light on the ethical violations and exploitation that occurred under the guise of scientific advancement. Each chapter methodically uncovers the disturbing details of these studies, analyzing the impact on the victims and the long-term effects on public trust and medical ethics.By providing a critical examination of the ethical breaches in historical medical research, this book emphasizes the importance of informed consent, the protection of vulnerable populations, and the need for stringent ethical standards in medical studies. It aims to educate and provoke thoughtful discussion on the balance between scientific discovery and ethical conduct, highlighting the necessity of safeguarding human rights in medical research and the importance of maintaining ethical integrity in the pursuit of scientific knowledge.

The Fourier transform is a 'tool' used in engineering and computer vision to model periodic phenomena. Starting with the basics of measure theory and integration, this book delves into the harmonic analysis of locally compact abelian groups. It provides an in-depth tour of the beautiful theory of the Fourier transform based on the results of Gelfand, Pontrjagin, and Andre Weil in a manner accessible to an undergraduate student who has taken linear algebra and introductory real analysis.Highlights of this book include the Bochner integral, the Haar measure, Radon functionals, the theory of Fourier analysis on the circle, and the theory of the discrete Fourier transform. After studying this book, the reader will have the preparation necessary for understanding the Peter-Weyl theorems for complete, separable Hilbert algebras, a key theoretical concept used in the construction of Gelfand pairs and equivariant convolutional neural networks.

This book is a compilation of the best papers of the Nobel Laureate Alexei Abrikosov, presenting a scientific overview of Abrikosov's life work in superconductivity. It also includes some biographical material and recollections of colleagues and friends.In addition to Abrikosov's famous paper in which he predicted the existence of superconducting vortices, which won him the Nobel Prize, the book also contains many of his other groundbreaking papers on superconductivity, condensed matter theory, and quantum field theory. Reading these articles will help the reader gain an insight into the great physicist's way of thinking and creative thought process. Any level of interested reader, from undergraduates to active research scientists, can benefit.

This book is based on the lecture course taught by the author for about three decades at Charles University. The author gives a thorough and easy-to-read account of the basic principles of the standard model of electroweak interactions, describes various theories of electromagnetic and weak interactions, and explains the gauge theory of electroweak interactions. The criterion of the tree-level unitarity is used throughout the text to check the gradual steps leading to the renormalizable electroweak theory. Five appendices expound on some special techniques of the Standard Model, used in the main body of the text.The book can be read with just a preliminary knowledge of quantum field theory. In comparison with the first edition of the book published more than 20 years ago, new passages concerning the Higgs boson are added, as well as some new problems and solutions.

The main subject of our book is to use the (p, p(x) and p(x))-bi-Laplacian operator in some partial differential systems, where we developed and obtained many results in quantitative and qualitative point of view. To our knowledge there are no such references.

At just half the weight of steel and nickel-based superalloys, titanium and its alloys stand out primarily due to their excellent corrosion resistance, high strength, and low density. Such distinctive properties make titanium attractive for a variety of applications, including aerospace, sports and leisure, and industrial uses.The book aims to cover important aspects of titanium metallurgy, from the basic characteristics of titanium to its advanced applications.The introductory chapter introduces the metallurgical background, physical and mechanical properties of titanium, with insights into specialty titanium alloys and titanium matrix composites. The book also discusses the correlation between microstructure and properties of titanium and its alloys along with various heat-treatment opportunities that exist for tailoring the properties to achieve excellent performance in a variety of products. Additionally, the variety of applications of titanium and its alloys in aerospace and non-aerospace markets are documented in detail.Serving an updated account of recent developments with respect to titanium and its alloys, this book is an excellent, timely, and comprehensive reference for materials scientist and engineers who wish to gain knowledge about these engineering materials.

This is a textbook on basic to intermediate mathematics for undergraduate students majoring in the physical sciences and engineering. Many chapters, covering topics like Green's functions, calculus of variations, and functions of a complex variable, are well-suited for graduate classes. Additionally, researchers can benefit from the book as a mathematical refresher for their professional work.The book provides readers with a fundamental understanding of underlying principles, using derivations based more on mathematical intuition rather than exposing them to multiple theorems, proofs, and lemmas. Each chapter includes highly relevant examples with detailed solutions and explanations, promoting a practical application of knowledge to real problems in the physical sciences. For the convenience of both students and instructors, there are end-of-chapter exercises with answers that can be easily utilized for assignments.The book is not a replacement for calculus textbooks, but rather a guide to the mathematics most relevant to the physical sciences and engineering.In conclusion, this book can be readily adapted for upper-level undergraduate and graduate classes, particularly those focusing on mathematical methods for students in physical sciences, applied mathematics, and engineering majors.

This book represents a distinguished collection of research papers authored by the esteemed Professor Roderick Wong, a globally recognized mathematician, and a pioneer in the field of applied mathematics. His brilliant academic journey has spanned across different continents, including North America and Hong Kong.Throughout his illustrious career, Professor Wong has consistently made profound and impactful contributions that have significantly advanced the domain of applied mathematics. His exceptional achievements have been widely acknowledged and celebrated through a multitude of prestigious awards and honors. Notably, he was bestowed with the esteemed title of Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada in 1993, recognized as a foreign member of the Academy of Sciences of Turin (Italy) in 2001, and honored with the Chevalier dans l'Ordre National de la Légion d'Honneur by the French government in 2004. Additionally, Professor Wong's remarkable accomplishments have led to his membership in the European Academy of Sciences in 2007. These accolades serve as a testament to his exemplary contributions to the field.The book, showcasing Professor Wong's research papers, not only reflects his immense expertise and profound insights but also serves as a tribute to his remarkable achievements.It is an invaluable resource for researchers and graduate students seeking to explore the frontiers of applied analysis, providing them with a rare opportunity to explore the intellectual legacy of a true luminary in the field.

Immortal Glory is the most prestigious tournament in the rivers and lakes. Martial immortals from around the world gather in Shengang to battle for the position of leader of the jianghu-and with it, fame, fortune, and the patronage of the Ten Corporations. Li Ming doesn't care. Not until he learns that the Wanjianhui seeks to subvert the tournament and win over the rulers of the world. Joining forces with allies old and new, he participates in a counter-conspiracy to infiltrate Immortal Glory. They don't have to win. They just have to make sure the Wanjianhui loses. But the specter of commercialism casts a long shadow over Immortal Glory. Billions of yuan are at stake. Hard-won reputations are on the line. Even the support of the authorities won't be enough to overcome dirty tricks, foul play, and naked greed. As he battles renowned fighters and secret societies, Li Ming comes face-to-face with the dark heart of the rivers and lakes. And under the bright lights of the leitai, the legend of the King of Breaking Swords will be born.

The world has been witnessing an accelerating momentum toward carbon neutrality, with almost all major countries onboard. The stakes are extremely high with over US$100 trillion in investments needed to achieve net zero emissions. This book delves into this intricate multi-trillion-dollar landscape of opportunities and challenges. The detailed, project-level examination in this book will provide direct insights for interested parties to position themselves.Focusing on the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area (GBA), home to 86 million people and a $1.7 trillion economy, the narrative unfolds against the backdrop of China's commitment to carbon neutrality by 2060, as well as their respective positions next to the rest of the world in the race to carbon neutrality. For the GBA and Hong Kong, carbon neutrality corresponds to nearly a US$1 trillion stake in energy infrastructures. This book meticulously dissects the trillion-dollar stake from the bottom-up.The energy sector is destined to experience fundamental changes in the coming decades; demand for a vast number of new infrastructures will only grow, while many existing, fossil-fuel infrastructures may become obsolete. Jobs, money, and regions are expected to shift dramatically with winners and losers. This book documents and analyzes individual projects, covering fossil-fuel, electric, and CO2 infrastructures. The impacts on existing infrastructures and the demand of future ones will be quantitatively examined to diagnose the stake in detail. Gaps will be evaluated and the necessary pace of changes in the next three decades will be sketched. The trillion-dollar stake will be discussed about its associated significant challenges and opportunities.Tailored for policy-makers, businesses, and decision-makers navigating the carbon-neutral landscape, this book is an invaluable resource for professionals, industry players, and academic courses addressing energy resources, climate change and CO2 mitigation.

Events around the world have shown that the energy transition is more likely to be chaotic rather than peaceful as nations around the world engage in a struggle to achieve global governance. This unique compendium of useful information will help readers understand how the desire to implement an energy transition is being used to catalyze a change in the modern world order. The book concludes with the identification of possible world orders that might emerge after the energy transition.

This book focuses on the role of immigrants in building economic, social and political relationships between countries. In this era of growing global interconnectedness, international migration and immigrant issues have become a significant source of disunity between countries. In some receiving countries, immigrants are now workforce replacements for an ageing population, while in sending countries immigrants use the experience gained in their country of residence for investment and entrepreneurial activity in their country of origin. This has led to the suggestion that immigrant activities are no longer a process of bridging the economic imbalance between nations, but rather the bridging of economic, social and political relationships.Transnational diaspora entrepreneurial activity relies on the relationship between immigrants and their home country, their understanding of the economic, political, and social systems in both their home and host countries, and the demand for their home country's cultural goods. As the demand for home cultural goods grows, there is a need to establish businesses that can operate across multiple environments. This book posits that transnational diaspora entrepreneurship can be seen as the internationalization process of immigrant entrepreneurship. It explains the role of enclaves in supporting this activity and offers valuable insights into how immigrant enclave activity and informal networking influence transnational diaspora entrepreneurship.

This book deals with the mathematical theory of macroeconomic hysteresis, which is the theory of aggregation of microeconomic hysteresis. Microeconomic sunk cost hysteresis is usually represented by relatively simple hysteresis loops with no discrete memory of past economic shocks. It turns out that macroeconomic aggregation leads to the formation of complex multibranch hysteresis with discrete memory of past economic shocks. Consequently, the macroeconomic aggregation of microeconomic hysteresis results in the emergence of new economic phenomena.In the book, the basic properties of macroeconomic hysteresis are mathematically studied. It is demonstrated that certain important properties of macroeconomic hysteresis (such as history-dependent branching, erasure effects of some past economic shocks, geometric features of macroeconomic hysteresis loops, etc.) are insensitive to specific structures of microeconomic hysteresis subject to aggregation. This suggests that the above properties may be viewed as universal. Furthermore, it is pointed out that these aggregation models have the prediction power of future macroeconomic branching, which may be employed for the prediction of future economic evolution.