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This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 9th Dortmund Fuzzy Days, Dortmund, Germany, 2006.

This book is the proceedings of the Third Annual Conference on Fuzzy Information and Engineering (ACFIE2008) from Dec. 5-10, 2008 in Haikou, China. The conf- ence proceedingsis published by Springer-Verlag(Advancesin Soft Computing,ISSN: 1615-3871). This year, we have received 155 submissions. Each paper has undergone a rigorous review process. Only high-quality papers are included. The Third Annual Conference on Fuzzy Information and Engineering (ACFIE2008), built on the success of previous conferences,the ACFIE2005 (Guangzhou,China), is a major symposium for scientists, engineers and practitioners in China to present their updated results, ideas, devel- ments and applications in all areas of fuzzy information and engineering. It aims to strengthen relations between industry research laboratoriesand universities, and to c- ate a primary symposium for world scientists in fuzzy ?elds as follows: 1) Fuzzy intelligence, neural networks and optimal; 2) Fuzzy algebra; 3) Fuzzy analysis; 4) Fuzzy systems and logic; 5) Fuzzy topology and measure; 6)Fuzzy probability, control, forecasting and decision-making; 7) Fuzzy clustering and fuzzy algorithms; 8) Application in fuzzy sets; 9) Rough sets and its application; etc. This book contains 80 papers, divided into nine main parts: In Section I, we have 9 papers on "e;fuzzy intelligence, neural networks and optimal"e;. In Section II, we have 11 papers on "e;fuzzy algebra"e;. In Section III, we have 9 papers on "e;fuzzy analysis"e;. In Section IV, we have 9 papers on "e;fuzzy systems and logic"e;. In Section V, we have 9 papers on "e;fuzzy topology and measure"e;.

This book presents the proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Soft Computing as Transdisciplinary Science and Technology (WSTST '05), May 25-27, 2005, Muroran, Japan. It brings together the original work of international soft computing/computational intelligence researchers, developers, practitioners, and users. This proceedings provide contributions to all areas of soft computing including intelligent hybrid systems, agent-based systems, intelligent data mining, decision support systems, cognitive and reactive distributed artificial intelligence (AI), internet modelling, human interface, and applications in science and technology.

The Second International Conference on Fuzzy Information and Engineering (ICFIE2007) is a major symposium for scientists, engineers and practitioners in China as well as the world to present their latest results, ideas, developments and applications in all areas of fuzzy information and knowledge engineering. It aims to strengthen relations between industry research laboratories and universities, and to create a primary symposium for world scientists.

This book is intended to be an undergraduate introduction to the theory of fuzzy sets. We envision, sometime in the future, a curriculum in fuzzy sys­ tems theory, which could be in computer /information sciences, mathematics, engineering or economics (business, finance), with this book as the starting point. It is not a book for researchers but a book for beginners where you learn the basics. This course would be analogous to a pre-calculus course where a student studies algebra, functions and trigonometry in preparation for more advanced courses. Chapters 3 through 11 are on fuzzy algebra, fuzzy functions, fuzzy trigonometry, fuzzy geometry, and solving fuzzy equations. However, after this course the student doesn't go on to calculus but to more specialized courses in fuzzy systems theory like fuzzy clustering, fuzzy pattern recogni­ tion, fuzzy database, fuzzy image processing and computer vision, robotics, intelligent agents, soft computing, fuzzy rule based systems (control, expert systems), fuzzy decision making, applications to operations research, fuzzy mathematics, fuzzy systems modeling, etc. Therefore, very little of most of these topics are included in this book. There are many new topics included in this book. Let us point out some of them here: (1) mixed fuzzy logic (Section 3.5); (2) three methods of solving fuzzy equation/problems (Chapter 5); (3) solving fuzzy inequalities (Chapter 6); (4) inverse fuzzy functions (Section 8.5); (5) fuzzy plane geometry (Chap­ ter 9); (6) fuzzy trigonometry (Chapter 10); and (7) fuzzy optimization based on genetic algorithms (Chapter 16).

This book comprises a selection of papers from IFSA 2007 on theoretical advances and applications of fuzzy logic and soft computing. These papers were selected from over 400 submissions and constitute an important contribution to the theory and applications of fuzzy logic and soft computing methodologies. Soft Computing c- sists of several computing paradigms, including fuzzy logic, neural networks, genetic algorithms, and other techniques, which can be used to produce powerful intelligent systems for solving real-world problems. The papers of IFSA 2007 also make a c- tribution to this goal. This book is intended to be a major reference for scientists and engineers interested in applying new fuzzy logic and soft computing tools to achieve intelligent solution to complex problems. We consider that this book can also be used to get novel ideas for new lines of research, or to continue the lines of research proposed by the authors of the papers contained in the book. The book is divided in to sixteen main parts. Each part contains a set of papers on a common subject, so that the reader can find similar papers grouped together. Some of these parts are comprised from the papers of organized sessions of IFSA 2007 and we thank the session's organizers for their incredible job on forming these sessions with invited and regular paper submissions.

Research on Agents and Multi-Agent Systems has matured during the last decade and many effective applications of this technology are now deployed. PAAMS provides an international forum to present and discuss the latest scientific developments and their effective applications, to assess the impact of the approach, and to facilitate technology transfer. PAAMS started as a local initiative, but has since grown to become THE international yearly platform to present, to discuss, and to disseminate the latest developments and the most important outcomes related to real-world applications. It provides a unique opportunity to bring multi-disciplinary experts, academics and practitioners together to exchange their experience in the development and deployment of Agents and Multi-Agent Systems. PAAMS intends to bring together researchers and developers from industry and the academic world to report on the latest scientific and technical advances on the application of multi-agent systems, to discuss and debate the major issues, and to showcase the latest systems using agent based technology. It will promote a forum for discussion on how agent-based techniques, methods, and tools help system designers to accomplish the mapping between available agent technology and application needs. Other stakeholders should be rewarded with a better understanding of the potential and challenges of the agent-oriented approach. This edition of PAAMS brings together past experience, current work, and promising future trends associated with distributed computing, artificial intelligence and their application in order to provide efficient solutions to real problems. This symposium is organized by the Bioinformatics, Intelligent System and Educational Technology Research Group (http://bisite.usal.es/) of the University of Salamanca. The present edition will be held in Salamanca, Spain, from 28th to 30th March 2012.This edition of PAAMS brings together past experience, current work, and promising future trends associated with distributed computing, artificial intelligence and their application in order to provide efficient solutions to real problems. This symposium is organized by the Bioinformatics, Intelligent System and Educational Technology Research Group (http://bisite.usal.es/) of the University of Salamanca. The present edition will be held in Salamanca, Spain, from 28th to 30th March 2012.

PAAMS, the International Conference on Practical Applications of Agents and Multi-Agent Systems is an evolution of the International Workshop on Practical Applications of Agents and Multi-Agent Systems. PAAMS is an international yearly tribune to present, to discuss, and to disseminate the latest developments and the most important outcomes related to real-world applications. It provides a unique opportunity to bring multi-disciplinary experts, academics and practitioners together to exchange their experience in the development of Agents and Multi-Agent Systems. This volume presents the papers that have been accepted for the 2009 edition. These articles capture the most innovative results and this year's trends: Assisted Cognition, E-Commerce, Grid Computing, Human Modelling, Information Systems, Knowledge Management, Agent-Based Simulation, Software Development, Transports, Trust and Security. Each paper has been reviewed by three different reviewers, from an international committee composed of 64 members from 20 different countries. From the 92 submissions received, 35 were selected for full presentation at the conference, and 26 were accepted as posters.

The submitted papers cover new computing paradigms, among others in biologically motivated methods, advanced data analysis, new machine learning paradigms, natural language processing, new optimization technologies, applied data mining using statistical and non-standard approaches.