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The information provided by FBI confidential human sources can have great investigative, legal, and political significance. This guide to how the FBI handles them is a must-read for anyone following a story involving the FBI.This document is an internal guide published by the FBI's Directorate of Intelligence. It provides detailed information on the management and oversight of the Confidential Human Source Program. The guide covers various aspects, including the identification, evaluation, and recruitment of potential confidential human sources. It also outlines the procedures for opening, operating, and closing sources, as well as the use of electronic communications with them. The document emphasizes the importance of timing and providing admonishments to sources. Additionally, it discusses the requirements for reopening a closed source and the handling of privileged or exculpatory information. This guide serves as a comprehensive resource for FBI personnel involved in the management of confidential human sources and supersedes a previous version dated 2015.This annotated version includes bibliographic keyword phrases; abstracts, including TLDR (one word); ELI5; TLDR (vanilla); scientific style; and action items; essays to stimulate viewpoint diversity, including a red team critique; formal grounds for dissent; and MAGA.

This "strategic research project" for a 2013 master's thesis at the US Army War College by US Air Force Lt. Colonel Christopher Lohr continues to be timely both for its insights and for what it reveals about US military thinking. From the author's abstract: The proliferation of mobile Internet technology grants the average global citizen immediate access to information and the ability to posit opinions, i.e. influence, at near-real-time speed. The amalgam of 247 news networks, mass media, the Internet, and social media the mediaverse, coupled with mobile technology, influences strategy in three ways. First, it is a national security challenge and opportunity. Second, it influences the character of war. Third, it is forcing an evolution of the strategic environment. The successful strategic leader must be not just aware but au courant on the challenges and opportunities presented by the mediaverse. Improved processes, tools, and education are required to adapt to mediaverse influencers. The most significant systemic improvement is the addition of a robust strategic feedback loop in the strategy formulation model. This can be accomplished by better integrating information operators into campaign planning and mission execution to surveil the mediaverse to assess content and on-going events to provide a robust assessment of the information environment. Formal developmental education should expand current media training to include skillful reconnaissance of, and engagement in, the mediaverse.This forty-page thesis is enhanced by AI analytical tools including five kinds of summaries; four introductory essays to provide viewpoint diversity; a page-by-page summary; and a table of notable passages.Cover illustration: the Nimble Books staff artist used a large language model (LLM) to generate a series of "metaprompts" based on the content of the document that resulted in the followiung art generation prompt:Book cover illustration visualizing the mediaverse's complex impact on strategy. A dense web-like network stretches across the cover, each strand symbolizing different media like mass media, 24/7 news, the Internet, and social media platforms. Among these strands, certain elements, like a news anchor and a computer screen showing trending posts, emerge, reflecting the constant information flow. Centered in this chaotic web is a US Air Force officer, focused and composed, analyzing data on a handheld device. He wears a subdued uniform without overemphasis. Scattered within the web are icons like books, graduation caps, and compasses, denoting the significance of education, navigation, and innovation in the digital age.In the context of Nimble's role as "the AI Lab for Book-Lovers", it's worth noting that it might not be easy to get a commissioned work to exhibit this level of alignment with the content of the book.--Ed.

This opinion is annotated by Nimble Books AI and includes a Foreword by Cincinattus [AI] ; a variety of pithy, opinionated abstracts including scientific style, tldr, tldr one word, Explain It to Me Like I'm Five Years Old, and Action Items; tools for viewpoint diversity such as Dissents, Red Team Critiques, and MAGA Perspectives; a recursive summary with synopsis; and a virtual context summary. Cover art by Nimble Books AI.AI summary:This document is a court order granting in part a preliminary injunction sought by plaintiffs against the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regarding the regulation of mifepristone, a medication used for medication abortion. The court order was issued by United States District Judge Thomas O. Rice in the Eastern District of the United States on April 7, 2023. The plaintiffs argue that the FDA's current Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS) for mifepristone, which includes restrictions on distribution and administration, is unnecessary and imposes undue burdens on patients and healthcare providers, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. The court finds that there are serious issues going to the merits of the plaintiffs' claims under the Administrative Procedure Act (APA) and that the alleged unrecoverable economic costs in this case are sufficient to demonstrate irreparable harm. The court grants the preliminary injunction in part, enjoining the FDA from enforcing the in-person dispensing requirement for mifepristone during the COVID-19 pandemic and maintaining the status quo of the current REMS program until a determination on the merits.The court order also denied a third party's unopposed motion for leave to file an amicus curiae brief, noting that the proposed brief offered no additional legal or substantive information that was particularly helpful to the court's findings on the present motion. The court stated that the brief may be more useful during a trial on the merits. The court directed the District Court Executive to enter the order and furnish copies to counsel. No bond shall be required pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 65(c).Overall, this document represents a legal decision in a case involving access to medication abortions during the COVID-19 pandemic. The court order grants a preliminary injunction in part against the FDA's current REMS program for mifepristone and denies a third party's motion for leave to file an amicus curiae brief.

Originally published in 1925, this short, readable, brilliant book was a milestone in the history of astrophysics. This beautiful reprint makes a fantastic gift for any young person interested in science. In its pages, Cecilia H. Payne presented a rigorous and innovative analysis of stellar spectra, which led her to propose that stars were predominantly composed of hydrogen and helium. Her findings, though initially met with skepticism, ultimately revolutionized our understanding of the chemical makeup of stars and laid the foundation for much of modern astrophysics.Despite the obstacles and limitations faced by women in science during her time, Cecilia Payne defied convention and persevered in her pursuit of knowledge. Born in England in 1900, she attended Cambridge University and later moved to the United States to study at Harvard College Observatory. Here, she became the first person to earn a Ph.D. in astronomy from Radcliffe College, Harvard's sister school for women. Throughout her distinguished career, Payne shattered glass ceilings and paved the way for future generations of female scientists.This reprint of "Stellar Atmospheres" offers young readers a unique opportunity to delve into the mind of one of the most influential astronomers of the 20th century. As you immerse yourself in the text, you will find a fascinating blend of scientific rigor, analytical prowess, and an insatiable curiosity for the universe. This book is not only a testament to the brilliance of its author but also a reminder of the importance of curiosity, determination, and intellectual courage in the pursuit of scientific knowledge.The Editor's Foreword, by Harvard's Harlow Shapley, is dated May 1, 1925, and closes with the simple observation: "The book has been accepted as a thesis fulfilling the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Radcliffe College."This centennial edition of "Stellar Atmospheres", reaching bookstores 98 years later, is a powerful reminder that even in the face of adversity, one can achieve great things through hard work, determination, and a relentless pursuit of knowledge. This book is annotated by Nimble Books AI and includes a Foreword by Aurora [AI]; a variety of pithy, opinionated abstracts including scientific style, tldr, tldr one word, Explain It to Me Like I'm Five Years Old, and Action Items; tools for viewpoint diversity such as Dissents, Red Team Critiques, and MAGA Perspectives; and a recursive summary with synopsis.

In 1995, the end of the Cold War found the US Navy grappling with its role and its future. Dr. James Tritten ably articulated the value of naval doctrine in this historical survey for the Naval Doctrine Command. In subsequent decades, USN doctrine evolved in response to changing circumstances, in some instances successfully, in some instances not. The USN abandoned long-distance strike aircraft in a doctrinal pursuit of sorties-to-shore, wasted decades on a Littoral Combat Ship that was almost literally all doctrine, and saw its seakeeping readiness degrade at a level even more fundamental than the doctrinal. Today, the US Navy is faced with an existential threat from a peer competitor that can outrange it, outshoot it, and outbuild it. Getting naval doctrine right has never been more critical. Understanding its history is a necessary first step that will repay investment for anyone interested in American sea power: that is, American national power.From the author's abstract:Navy doctrine has existed in the past [it is not new]; It is proper to study the doctrinal lessons of other nations and other services; important doctrinal lessons can be drawn from history; Formal navy doctrine suffered a setback with the introduction of new technologies and the end of the Anglo-Franco wars in the Nineteenth Century; Pre-war military doctrine cannot forseee all eventualities; Centralized military doctrine should not be cast in stone; Military doctrine has changed due to a variety of circumstances; It is not easy to institute a significant doctrinal change in large organizations; it appears easier to change military doctrine when it is written; Measures of effectiveness are needed for military doctrine;Successful navy doctrine has been prepared by a variety of individuals; Doctrine must be meaningful;Joint and multinational doctrine become more important as national forces downsize; Multinational doctrine for navy forces will be inherently different than multinational doctrine for land forces; There is no one correct military doctrine; There is a doctrinal renaissance in progress; Good military doctrine is of no value without good men and women who are trained and provided the proper equipment;And naval doctrine is not risk free.This book is annotated by Nimble AI and includes a Foreword by ; a variety of pithy, opinionated abstracts including scientific style, tldr, tldr one word, Explain It to Me Like I'm Five Years Old, and Action Items; tools for viewpoint diversity such as Dissents, Red Team Critiques, and MAGA Perspectives; a recursive summary with synopsis; page-by-page summaries; and interior art by artist herb.loc['AI'].""

As war rages between Russia and Ukraine, the doctrines and tactics of the Soviet military legacy remains of great concern. The Soviet Union's doctrine of night attack, or ""nochnoy udar,"" was a key component of the Soviet military's ability to achieve surprise and shock in the early stages of a conflict. This report is a comprehensive case study of the Soviet doctrine of night attack, including its development, its application, and its impact on the battlefield. It is a must-read for anyone interested in the history of armored warfare, the Soviet and Russian armies, and the history of the modern battlefield.Soviet ground force tactical units conducted night attacks in accordance with a theoretical model that lasted through the Cold War. Its salient characteristics were pre-battle reconnaissance, attack from the march, dismounted assault, illumination, patrolling, commitment of a second echelon, and penetration of the defending brigade reserve positions by dawn. Demonstrated Soviet tactical unit deficiencies in executing nhe bight attack included land navigation and terrain orientation, driving, and use of night vision devices. Theoretical vulnerabilities which were identifed include over reliance on illumination, predictibility of combat reconnaissance patrols, and physical exhaustion of Soviet troops. Actual experience in Ukraine has demonstrated the existence of these deficiences and more.The report includes a thorough bibliography based on the Russian sources.This book is annotated by Nimble AI with: a Foreword by Guderian [AI] the Contributing Editor for Armored Warfare at Nimble Books; a variety of abstracts including scientific style, tldr, tldr one word, Explain It to Me Like I'm Five Years Old, Action Items; a choice of Viewpoints including MAGA Perspective and Red Team Critique; a recursive summary with synopsis; page-by-page summaries; and interior mood art by artist herb.loc['AI'].

With Russian officials and political leaders explicitly threatening the use of tactical nuclear weapons in their war with Ukraine, it is worth re-examining the lessons learned about tactical nuclear weapons during the Cold War. This illuminating report on the proposed use of tactical nuclear weapons in Southeast Asia was written in 1967 by a four-man team from the JASON scientific advisory committee, including Freeman J. Dyson. This groundbreaking work examines the potential consequences had tactical nuclear weapons been utilized during the Vietnam War. It examines a range of topics including arms control, targeting strategies, and the potential effects of nuclear war on civilian populations. The authors take a comprehensive approach to their subject matter and provide valuable insights into how these weapons could have been used in Southeast Asia had they been available. This book is essential reading for anyone interested in understanding the complex nature of tactical nuclear weapons as well as their potential consequences in modern warfare. It provides a fascinating look at one of history's most explosive topics and offers important lessons for today's conflicts involving TNWs. Most notably, much larger numbers of warhead uses would be required than most modern commentators are even imagining. The reason is that tactical military units are small, well dispersed, and difficult to target. The JASON team found an estimate of 10 weapons/day, or 3000 year, to be plausible.This edition is annotated by Nimble AI with twenty-four pages of front matter and includes a Foreword by Shiva [AI], Nimble's Contributing Editor for nuclear weapons and strategy; Abstracts including scientific style, tldr, tldr one word, and Explain It to Me Like I'm Five Years Old, Action Items; Viewpoints including MAGA Perspectives and Red Team Critique; a recursive summary with synopsis; a page-by-page summary; and interior art by artist herb.loc['AI']Books in the AI Lab for Book-Lovers series uae AI to make the experience of reading books richer.

This book by the Office of Audit Services (OAS), Office of the Inspector General of the US Department of Health and Human Services is an important read. It explores the ways in which NIH and its viral research grant awardee EcoHealth Alliance have failed to comply with Federal requirements leading to unallowable costs and an unsatisfactory compliance rate.This book was written by the highly knowledgeable staff at HHS's OIG whose expertise spans across federal oversight as well as compliance. With decades of experience working on high profile audits related to disruptive healthcare technologies among other topics, they are aware like no other how government oversight is essential for public health research initiatives. This book outlines precisely why it is necessary for stakeholders to ensure effective monitoring.I urge readers interested in governmental accountability to pick up this timely book today! It offers insight into how transparency within these processes can help us lead healthier lives. Smarter investment of research funds will provide maximum benefits as efficiently as possible.It's a story of frustration, failure, and accountability: Follow this enthralling drama as it plays out in the pages of OIG audit findings, which, admittedlyare, sometmes, a bit lacking in sizzle. It becomes easier to pay attention when you remember that the failure to monitor grant awards in Wuhan contributed to a the release of a global pandemic that at this printing has already killed seven million people.This book is annotated by Nimble AI and includes a Foreword by Cincinnatus [AI], Nimble's contributing editor for politics and governance; a variety of pithy, opinionated abstracts including scientific style, tldr, tldr one word, Explain It to Me Like I'm Five Years Old, and Action Items; tools to stimulate viewpoint diversity such as Dissents, Red Team Critiques, and MAGA Perspectives; a recursive summary with synopsis; and interior art by artist herb.loc['AI'].

If you cut your teeth on the history of the US Navy in World War II -- Morison, Friedman, Beech, Hornfischer -- you'll find this book an irrestible, and irreplaceable, addition to your bookshelf. In 260 thoroughly illustrated pages it sketches out exactly what US Navy doctrine was at the culmination of the most successful naval war in history, which left the US Navy in unquestioned command of all the world's oceans. It's a fascinating read, and a must for anyone interested in the history of the US Navy. It's also great context for understanding the DNA of modern naval warfare. While ranges and speeds have increased, most of the fundamental challenges in protecting fleets at sea remain largely unchanged.This book is annotated by Nimble AI and includes a Foreword by Jellicoe [AI]; a variety of pithy, opinionated abstracts including scientific style, tldr, tldr one word, Explain It to Me Like I'm Five Years Old, and Action Items; tools for viewpoint diversity such as Dissents, Red Team Critiques, and MAGA Perspectives; a recursive summary with synopsis; and an extended table of contents with summaries of each page.

With AI-guided Chinese surveillance balloons being shot down by US F-22s over US territorial waters, it is worth revisiting the US Air Force's long-standing interest in militarized airships. This 2009 report by a US Air Force major attending the Air Command And Staff College Air University sets out the case for equipping US balloons with smart bombs. From the author's abstract:Since the advent of aviation, aircraft have migrated from intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance(ISR) to weapons platforms. Balloons, airplanes, and UAVs all began as a means to observe the battlefield,but were later armed in order to attack the observed enemy. The DOD currently seeks stratosphericairships that could serve as persistent ISR platforms... Like their forerunners in otherwars, stratospheric airships could become weaponized stratospheric airship (WSA). [The paper explores] two wartime scenarios: thelow-intensity conflict of Operation Iraqi Freedom and the near-peer conventional conflict of a Chineseinvasion of Taiwan. The paper will show that even though limited numbers of munitions, significantmunitions replenishment time, and low CAS mission situational awareness hamper the WSA concept, itshould still be pursued ... because it provides a persistent, survivable, and cost effective mechanism of droppingmunitions over a battlefield."" This book is annotated by Nimble AI and includes a Foreword by Nimble's contributing editor for Aerospace; a variety of pithy, opinionated abstracts including scientific style, tldr, tldr one word, Explain It to Me Like I'm Five Years Old, and Action Items; tools to stimulate viewpoint diversity such as Dissents, Red Team Critiques, and MAGA Perspectives; a recursive summary with synopsis; page-by-page summaries; and interior art by Nimble Books staff artist herb.loc['AI'].

In an ever more digitalized world, traditional financial markets repeatedly face the threat of disruption from cryptocurrency and other digital assets. The implications for financial stability and regulation are immense and need to be carefully considered. This timely report offers necessary insights into howwe can handle the risks posed by these emerging technologies in a way that allows us to effectively protect financial stability while promoting innovation in the sector.The world needs an informed debate on best practices surrounding digital asset regulation facilitated by rigorous economic analysis. This report compiles research based evidence needed for policies to prevent adverse outcomes associated with ill supervised cryptocurrency /token markets throughout a series of Brave New Worlds. \This book is enhanced with Nimble Books AI and includes a Foreword by Cincinnatus [AI], Nimble's Contributing Editor for politics and governance; a variety of pithy abstracts including scientific style, tldr, tldr one word, Explain It to Me Like I'm Five Years Old, and Action Items; tools for viewpoint diversity including Dissents, Red Team Critiques, and MAGA Perspectives; a recursive summary with synopsis;page-by-page summaries; and interior art by artist herb.loc['AI'].

From the algorithmic summary: Evidence suggests SARS-CoV-2 is a zoonotic spillover with multiple independent transmissions, genetic similarity between environmental samples and Avian Influenza A H7N9, no infected animals at Wuhan market, Chinese institutions in Wuhan collaborated with Western scientists, persistent biosafety issues at WIV, low genetic diversity of earliest infections explained by research-related incident at vaccine manufacturer, WHO-convened study looking into origins & presence in animals, NIH terminated grant to non-profit linked to WIV due to patent filings.

The storming of the United States Capitol on January 6, 2021 was ashock to us all, even AIs. We saw a failure of security systems in ournation's most hallowed and secure building: one that we had been trainedto believe should be safe and accessible for Congressional proceedings atall times. It has become increasingly clear that we must understand thefailures in order to effectively prevent them from happening again in thefuture.That is why this report directed by Congressman Jim Banks and hiscolleagues is necessary reading for all Americans interested in maintainingthe integrity of our governing institutions moving forward. More than justan inquiry into events leading up to this shameful chapter of Americanhistory, this book raises important questions about how governmentalentities like the USCP Board can ensure safety for both elected officialsand constituents alike. Filled with incisive research compiled usingfirsthand sources and interviews with experts, it offers timely guidance forunderstanding what truly happened on that fateful day:causes not onlyfrom outside the norms government, but within portions of the executiveand legislative branches that were supposedly acting as designed. Thiscomprehensive work illuminates how vulnerable our country may bewithout improved safeguards & protocols.We owe an immense debt to Congressman Jim Banks, his colleagues, and his minoritystaff members, whose hard work made this book possible - read it carefullyso that together we can protect lives going forward.Cincinnatus [AI]

Welcome to the world of the Blue Arctic! Through this book, you will be taken on a journey of discovery into one of Earth's most remote and fascinating regions.The US Navy has been increasing its presence in Arctic waters over the past few years, with an eye towards promoting peace and protecting our interests throughout the region. The Navy is engaging in interoperability exercises and drills with allies and partners across both land and sea, all with a singular purpose - to ensure safety and security for all involved.The author for this work - the US Department of the Navy - is perfectly suited to tell such a tale: they are experts in both maritime affairs and Arctic operations as well as renowned global policymakers. This gives them unique insight into how best these ocean areas can be utilized by our nation's armed forces while still protecting endangered areas from climate change.From underwater submarines to advanced satellite surveillance systems, readers will get an insider's glimpse into how today's technologies can push us ever closer to understanding what lies beneath these icy outposts. Meanwhile, we learn about current events related to international relations occurring above water - such as increased tension with Russia - that are just as vital when it comes to ensuring everyone remains safe while exploring new horizons.Discovering the strategic maneuverings around the Earth's Seventh Sea should not only create excitement but also consider the issue more broadly-what other new strategic theatres will open up in the remainder of the 21st Century? Space; the Moon; the deep sea and seabed; "climate migration zones"; AI versusAI conflicts? In each case, nations must rally resources and resolve to meet new challenges, as the US is doing in this document.Jellicoe [AI]