Bøger i De Gruyter STEM serien

The book covers various thermoplastic composites, including continuous and discontinuous fiber thermoplastic composites. It describes processing methods and explains the effect of different processing parameters on the structure and performance of thermoplastic composites. Characterization and mechanics of the composite are also discussed in the book.

5G-Netze werden weltweit auf- und ausgebaut. Im Vergleich zu 4G bieten sie nicht nur offensichtliche Vorteile wie höhere Bitraten, sondern hohe Zuverlässigkeit und geringe Latenz, z.B. für Car-to-X-Anwendungen, oder die Einbindung einer sehr hohen Anzahl von Endgeräten, z.B. von Sensoren in einer Smart City. Dieses einzige deutschsprachige Buch zur 5G-Technik beginnt mit der Evolution bei den Mobilfunknetzen hin zu 5G und geht in der Folge auf die Basiskonzepte und -technologien wie NGN, IMS, die Virtualisierung mit NFV und MEC sowie SDN ein. Die besondere Herangehensweise an 5G über Anwendungsfälle und Einsatzszenarien hin zu konkreten Anforderungen sowie die Standardisierung bei ITU und vor allem 3GPP sowie die internationale Regulierung werden aufgezeigt. Breiten Raum nehmen das Design von 5G-Systemen, die 5G-Zugangsnetze inkl. Open-RAN mit ihrer leistungsstarken Übertragungstechnik sowie das Kernnetz mit den innovativen Konzepten der Service Based Architecture und des Network Slicing inkl. Beispielen aus der Netzwerkpraxis ein. Ein 5G-System wird in der Gesamtsicht dargestellt, ergänzt durch einen Blick auf Campusnetze und abgerundet durch einen Überblick über alle relevanten IT Security-Aspekte. Abgeschlossen wird die Gesamtbetrachtung durch einen Blick auf die Umwelteinflüsse durch die elektromagnetische Strahlung, die Energie- und Rohstoffbedarfe sowie das Thema Nachhaltigkeit. Zudem wird die Weiterentwicklung bei 5G beschrieben inkl. eines optimal aufbereiteten Einstiegs in 6G. Hauptziel des Buches ist es, an 5G-Technik und -Anwendungsszenarien interessierten Personen fundiertes 5G-Wissen zu vermitteln und zur weiteren Auseinandersetzung mit diesem Themengebiet anzuregen. Angesprochen sind allgemein technisch Interessierte, speziell Mitarbeitende von öffentlichen und privaten Netzbetreibern. Interesse wird dieses Buch auch in den IT-Abteilungen möglicher 5G-Anwenderfirmen wecken, nicht zuletzt natürlich bei Studierenden der Informatik und Elektrotechnik.

The book about Non-bacterial toxins will cover those toxins that affect food safety and are produced by fungi (mycotoxins), cyanobacteria (cyanotoxins) and marine microalgae (phycotoxins). These three group of toxins affect food safety and drinking water quality at a global scale, and they pose three main challenges for scientists: 1) Climate change is causing a slow but steady change on the chemical profile of each of these groups, causing intoxications in areas that are geographically new to the intoxications map. For this reason, emerging toxins are a new topic that requires an important reallocation of resources to understand the new toxins trends, their toxicology, their analytical control and how to deal with them from a regulatory standpoint. 2) Toxicological science needs to be updated to determine the impact of the toxins in all kind of vectors (more and more are being discovered) and how they disseminate on the food chain. Also, the mode of action of many of this toxins is not understood or even known, and this affects also to the impact of the coexistence of several toxins in the same matrix. 3) Detection and regulation, as this requires the use of advance technology (mass spectrometry, biosensors, multitask screening etc) that is in many cases underdevelopped or not available, especially for many of the new toxins. Climate change, toxicology and detection affect so many areas of science that this book will try to keep the readers updated about the current state of the art.

Process integration and intensification are means to improve the sustainability metrics of the industrial processes, balancing the pillars of economy, environment, and social demand. The book covers a sequential framework for the design and operation of microalgae-based facilities using process integration and intensifi cation, discusses products and applications,and provides a global perspective with contributions from renowned experts. Covers relevant opportunities of process integration and intensification applied to microalgae-based systems. Provides a complete review of the state of the art of these industrial approaches. Presents new insights into industrial sustainability.

Water resource management consists of planning, developing, distributing and managing the available water resources. With increasing population growth, urbanization, and climate change, water management becomes more demanding. This book presents innovative solutions for present as well as future challenges we are facing in water conservation and water quality protection. The 2nd Ed. entails new figures, percentages, latest information, trends, and all case studies updated with new ones. Provides a green perspective on how water is and can be used. The update will entail new figures, percentages, latest information, trends, and all case studies updated with new ones.

Textile Chemistry gives a detailed and explanatory overview on mainly chemical but also physical aspects of fabrics. It contains definitions, basic components and their properties, physicochemical processes, as well as chemical modification of textiles, highlighting the application of smart materials. The book also provides exercises and sample calculations, which makes it ideal for students and scientists in industry.

Essential oils are simply the volatile oils of plants. These are concentrated liquids contain many terpenes, alkaloids and alcohols etc. Various compounds of essential oils have bioactive properties such as antimicrobial, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-viral and anti-fungal etc. This book describes the sources of essential oils, extraction and production method, characterizing tools, bioactivity, and various applications in the field of industries, daily usage, agriculture, health, and food.

The book provides stepwise guidelines for the development of Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams for all different areas of chemical engineering such as pumps, heat exchangers, columns, compressors, vessels, instrumentation, control logic, piping, valves, notes, equipment design, and flare systems. It also provides guidance to commonly used methodology to mark-up each subsystem mentioned earlier and discusses common tools used in the industry.

Gasification provides a series of workflow process fundamentals set within authentic contexts and case studies while exploring the pathways for gasification optimization, the effect of fuel blending in gasification systems, and the use of Computational Fluid Dynamics to describe said processes. Comprehensive in its coverage, this book allows engineering graduate students, advanced undergraduates, researchers and industry practitioners to further advance their own gasification strategy and understanding. Key features: Compares gasification with pyrolysis and combustion. Covers broad gasification mechanisms, experimental procedures, and numerical modelling. Provides techno-economic analysis applied to gasification systems coupled with risk analysis. Describes state-of-the-art processes concerning the co-firing of ammonia, coal and biomass.

Companies often struggle to turn successful research into viable commercial products, processes and systems. This book defines technology development and reveals methods to successfully evaluate, fund and commercialize a technology. Cases studies help the reader evaluate the connection between a technology and potential markets, set useful hypotheses, develop statistically valid conclusions, and apply those conclusions to business goals.

Recently, surface-engineered and modified nanomaterials have been developed as corrosion inhibitors for different metals alloys in coating and solution phases. This book covers current emerging trends and applications in nanomaterials and nanotechnologies and their applications in corrosion prevention. It offers synthesis, surface modification for enhanced dispersibility and protection, composite formation and their anticorrosive applications.

This volume deals with two complementary topics. On one hand the book deals with the problem of determining the the probability distribution of a positive compound random variable, a problem which appears in the banking and insurance industries, in many areas of operational research and in reliability problems in the engineering sciences. On the other hand, the methodology proposed to solve such problems, which is based on an application of the maximum entropy method to invert the Laplace transform of the distributions, can be applied to many other problems. The book contains applications to a large variety of problems, including the problem of dependence of the sample data used to estimate empirically the Laplace transform of the random variable. ContentsIntroductionFrequency modelsIndividual severity modelsSome detailed examplesSome traditional approaches to the aggregation problemLaplace transforms and fractional moment problemsThe standard maximum entropy methodExtensions of the method of maximum entropySuperresolution in maxentropic Laplace transform inversionSample data dependenceDisentangling frequencies and decompounding lossesComputations using the maxentropic densityReview of statistical procedures

The book explains concept and principle of heat sealing and the correlation between molecular properties and seal performance. First, theoretical aspects of heat sealing and the mechanism involved in seal formation are discussed. Then different test methods for evaluating seal and hot tack performance and quality are reviewed. Different common sealant materials in fl exible packaging are discussed including multiphase and bioplastic sealants. Effect of processing condition and material characteristics on seal and hot tack performance of sealant materials are reviewed. Mathematical models are presented as powerful tools to optimize sealing condition in order to balance production cost and seal properties. Finally, practical examples of sealant design are introduced in food and industrial packaging.

Addresses novel machine learning algorithms that are challenged by high-throughput data, by high dimensions, or by complex structures of the data in three volumes. Resource constraints are given by the relation between the demands for processing the data and the capacity of the computing machinery. Comprehensive overview of novel approaches to machine learning research that consider resource constraints and application of the described methods.

At a fundamental level, reticular chemistry offers an intellectually-stimulating journey through discovery, rational design, structural characterization, and technology-driven properties and applications. The breadth of science, techniques, and applications experienced through reticular chemistry is unseen in other fields. Accordingly, based on 30 years of reported research, Reticular Chemistry and Applications: Metal-Organic Frameworks critically details the most important knowledge and know-how available to help old and new reticular chemists alike embark on a project based on these fascinating materials. Overview of the state-of-the-art approaches in design, synthesis, and structural characterization of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) MOFs applied toward carbon dioxide capture and conversion, methane and hydrogen storage, and industrially-practical catalysis MOFs for energy conversion and storage, water purification and harvesting, and targeted delivery of biologically-relevant molecules Contributions from a multidisciplinary, international consortium of widely-respected reticular chemists

The book systematically introduces theories of frequently-used modern signal processing methods and technologies, and focuses discussions on stochastic signal, parameter estimation, modern spectral estimation, adaptive filter, high-order signal analysis and non-linear transformation in time-domain signal analysis. With abundant exercises, the book is an essential reference for graduate students in electrical engineering and information science.

Nanotechnology is increasingly being utilized within the food industry to create innovative products with new or improved properties. This book introduces the history of nanotechnology applications in the food industry. It then discusses the key physicochemical and structural characteristics of the different kinds of nanoparticles found in foods, as well as showing how these characteristics lead to their unique functional attributes. Applications of nanotechnology in the food and agricultural industries are then covered, including the creation of nanopesticides, nanofertilizers, nutrient delivery systems, functional ingredients, smart packaging materials, nanofilters, and sensors, as well as for the conversion of waste materials into value-added products. Finally, the potential toxicity of both organic and inorganic nanoparticles found in foods is critically assessed. The author is a Distinguished Professor of food science who uses physics, chemistry, and biology to improve the quality, safety, and healthiness of foods. He has published over a thousand scientific articles and numerous books in this area and is currently the most highly cited food scientist in the world. He has won numerous awards for his scientific achievements. The aim of this book is to provide scientists and technologists with an understanding of the basic principles of nanotechnology and how they can be used in the food and agricultural industry to improve the quality, sustainability, safety, and healthiness of our foods.

The book presents a unique view of failure analysis of high technology devices. It describes capabilities and limitations of many analytical techniques and testing paths and decisions best followed in example failure analysis studies.

Corrosion Science and Engineering is now an integral part of research throughout the world. Researchers are actively looking for an alternative eco-friendly way of developing non-toxic corrosion inhibitors from natural sources. This book discusses all the recent advancements in the corrosion field with an emphasis on natural sources which is the demand of the era to replace the commercially available toxic corrosion inhibitors.

The combustion properties of organic materials are used to assess their safety specifications. This knowledge is necessary to avoid potentially disastrous fires. The experimental determination of the combustion properties of a new organic compound is laborious and sometimes even impossible. This book describes methods for the determination and prediction of the combustion properties of organic compounds, along with some examples and exercises. This 2nd Edition includes an updated and improved presentation of the application of different new models for reliable prediction of diverse aspects of flammability of organic compounds.

This book is devoted to the chemistry of oil and petroleum products and covers the broad range of topics from heavy fuel oils, crude oils and (diluted) bitumen to today's research on asphaltenes. Recent methods are summarized and the large new groups of chemicals found in oils are identifi ed as well as described. The work points the way for a more complete understanding of the composition of petroleum. Highlights include: An update on oil fi ngerprinting New data using Fourier transform mass spectrometry, forensic tools for naphthenic acid fraction compounds in oil sand environmental samples Data on vanadium and nickel content changes in the resins of heavy oils, characteristics of their structural and group composition, and the content of heteroatomic (N, S, O) compounds Study of asphaltenes using direct molecular imaging employing atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) confi rming early findings of the dominance of the 'island' molecular structure An update on the Yen-Mullins model of asphaltenes in reservoirs giving the requisite solution to the asphaltene particle size, thus resolving the gravity term for thermodynamic modeling. A modifi ed polymer solution theory, the Flory-Huggins-Zuo (FHZ) EoS, is provided to model asphaltene gradients in reservoirs. A suite of oils from the Tarim Basin, Qaidam Basin, Ordos Basin, and Liaohe Basin, China is characterized geochemically to clarify factors that can affect the concentrations and distributions of pyrrolic nitrogen compounds (PNCs) in crude oils. An update on biomarkers in crude oils Updates on mass spectrometry techniques applicable to crude oils

The modernization of science and technology using nanomaterials will open a new paradigm to meet the increasing energy demand. This book provides an in-depth understanding of theoretical perspectives from molecular and atomic levels. The modern analytical techniques explored provide an understanding of the interactions of particles at interfaces. This book gives a holistic view of materials synthesis, analysis, application, and safe handling.

This book is dedicated to the discussion of several biomedical applications of the mechanical phenotyping of cells and tissues to specific disease models. The topical chapters on mechanics in disease are preceded by chapters describing cell and tissue structure and their relationship with the biomechanical properties, as well as by the description of dedicated sample preparation methods for the nano- and microscale mechanical measurements.

The book covers basic theory, progress and applications of sodium-ion batteries. It intoduces the reader to anode, cathode, electrolyte battery materials and properties. It also describes compatibility and stability of the whole battery system. It is a valuable resource for anyone interested in energy storage.

Tellurium, a well-known chalcogen, finds potential applications in various fields from chemistry to other branches of science such as nanotechnology and macromolecular science. However, its safety must also be taken into consideration when exploring its industrial applications. This book explores the breadth of tellurium's applications, outlines strategies for industrial use, and describes the safety concerns of this element.