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The ever increasing relevance of European law which involves replacement or supplementation of and interaction with national law not only affects the states in Europe but also, and foremost, the citizens.

This book is an introduction to the theory of rings and modules that goes beyond what one normally obtains in a graduate course in abstract algebra. The theme of the text is the interplay between rings and modules. At times rings are investigated by considering given sets of conditions on the modules they admit and at other times rings of a certain type are considered to see what structure is forced on their modules. Standard topics in ring and module theory such as chain conditions on rings and modules, injective and projective modules and semisimple rings are included as well as subjects like category theory and homological algebra. The text also contains presentations on topics such as flat modules and coherent rings, injective envelopes, projective covers and perfect rings, reflexive modules and quasi-Frobenius rings, and graded rings and modules. The book is a self-contained volume written in a very systematic style: allproofs are clear and easy for the reader to understand and allarguments are based on materials contained in the book. A problem sets follow each section. It is assumed that the reader is familiar with concepts such as Zorn's lemma, commutative diagrams and ordinal and cardinal numbers. It is also assumed that the reader has a basic knowledge of rings and their homomorphisms. The text is suitable for graduate and PhD students who have chosen ring theory for their research subject.

Mathematics course with 60 Java-based interactive mathematic simulations by the author Comprehensive and systematically organized collection of 2,000 Java-based physics simulations All simulations are runnable, and can be accessed both on- and offline Visualization of mathematic relationships Facilitates an experiment-based understanding of problems, including suggestions for your own mathematical experiments Calculation procedures can be adjusted in a variety of ways Introduction to simulation techniques with the EJS (Easy Java Simulation) tool Visual interface for simple and transparent modeling and programming Building block library for programming one's own simulations Quick access to simulations from links embedded in the digital text Mathematics is the language of physics and technology. Yet in the age of computers, mathematic skill is not based on mastery of arithmetic. Rather, it depends on understanding relationships in time and space, and expressing them with precise and clear formulas. In this regard, one cannot rely on the rote memorization of rules and formulas - insight and intuitive understanding are crucial. But how can this understanding be achieved in higher mathematics, which depends on abstract concepts such as complex numbers, real and complex infinite series, infinitesimal calculus, 2, 3, and 4 dimensional functions, conformal maps, vectors, and linear and nonlinear ordinary and partial differential equations? The author takes a highly practical approach to facilitating the insight essential for true learning in mathematics. Students can work directly with the simulation programs, can visualize relationships, and creatively interact with the calculation procedures. Proceeding in textbook fashion, the work makes use of a broad palette of multimedia tools, and features numerous interactive calculation programs for mathematical experimentation. Students merely have to select one of the many predefined examples and set the relevant parameters - and in a flash the results are graphically displayed in 2 or 3 dimensions. In addition, the specific functions used can be changed or even newly formulated according to user preferences. For example, a procedure developed for a fourth degree power function for the numerical calculation of zero points can be adapted for use with another function. Each simulation is accompanied by a detailed description, instructions for use, and numerous suggestions for experimentation. The mathematical simulations are based on the Easy Java Simulation (EJS) programming tool. All of the files developed with EJS are completely open and transparent. The user can even draw on the examples as building blocks for the development his or her own calculation procedures. The appendix contains a short introduction to EJS. The work is enriched by a comprehensive collection of cosmological simulations as well as models from the Open Source Physics project, organized by subject area. Intended as a systematic collection of methods and materials for upper-secondary school teachers and as a course for students of physics and mathematics, the work facilitates hands-on and experiment-driven learning in higher mathematics. The print version contains the electronic text and simulations for offline use. For questions concerning download or online access to the simulations, please contact service@degruyter.com.

This Textbook on Indo-European Linguistics is designed as an introduction to the field. It presents current topics and questions in Indo-European linguistics in a clear and informative manner. This is the English translation of the eight edition of the work first published by Hans Krahe and it takes account of more recent research. While Krahe only considered phonology and morphology, the edition also includes a comprehensive account of syntax and lexis. Manfred Mayrhofer assisted with the section of phonology; Matthias Fritz wrote the section on syntax and provided support for the project as a whole.

This textbook is devoted to Combinatorics and Graph Theory, which are cornerstones of Discrete Mathematics. Every section begins with simple model problems. Following their detailed analysis, the reader is led through the derivation of definitions, concepts and methods for solving typical problems. Theorems then are formulated, proved and illustrated by more problems of increasing difficulty. Topics covered include elementary combinatorial constructions, application to probability theory, introduction to graphs and trees with application to hierarchical clustering algorithms, more advanced counting techniques, and existence theorems in combinatorial analysis. The text systematically employs the basic language of set theory. This approach is often useful for solving combinatorial problems, especially problems where one has to identify some objects, and significantly reduces the number of the students' errors; it is demonstrated in the text on many examples. The textbook is suitable for undergraduate and entry-level graduate students of mathematics and computer science, lecturers in these fields, and anyone studying combinatorial methods and graphical models for solving various problems. The book contains more than 700 problems and can be used as a reading and problem book for an independent study seminar or self-education.

This textbook, now in its second revised and extended edition, presents the fundamental ideas and results of both probability theory and statistics. It comprises the material of a one-year course, which is addressed to students of mathematics and to scientists with an interest in the mathematical side of stochastics.The stochastic concepts, models and methods are motivated by examples and then developed and analysed systematically. Some measure theory is included, but this is done at an elementary level that is in accordance with the introductory character of the book. A large number of problems, now in part with solutions, offer applications and supplements to the text.

Progress in low-dimensional topology has been very quick in the last three decades, leading to the solutions of many difficult problems. Among the earlier highlights of this period was Casson's I -invariant that was instrumental in proving the vanishing of the Rohlin invariant of homotopy 3-spheres. The proof of the three-dimensional Poincare conjecture has rendered this application moot but hardly made Casson's contribution less relevant: in fact, a lot of modern day topology, including a multitude of Floer homology theories, can be traced back to his I -invariant. The principal goal of this book, now in its second revised edition, remains providing an introduction to the low-dimensional topology and Casson's theory; it also reaches out, when appropriate, to more recent research topics. The book covers some classical material, such as Heegaard splittings, Dehn surgery, and invariants of knots and links. It then proceeds through the Kirby calculus and Rohlin's theorem to Casson's invariant and its applications, and concludes with a brief overview of recent developments. The book will be accessible to graduate students in mathematics and theoretical physics familiar with some elementary algebraic and differential topology, including the fundamental group, basic homology theory, transversality, and Poincare duality on manifolds.

The goal of this book is to provide an introduction to the practical use of mobile NMR at a level as basic as the operation of a smart phone. Each description follows the same didactic pattern: introduction, basic theory, pulse sequences and parameters, beginners-level measurements, advanced-level measurements, and data processing.Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is the most popular method for chemists to analyze molecular structures while Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive diagnostic tool for medical doctors that provides high-contrast images of biological tissue depicting the brain function and the beating heart.In both applications large super-conducting magnets are employed which magnetize atomic nuclei of an object positioned inside the magnet. Their circulating motion is interrogated by radio-frequency waves. Depending on the operating mode, the frequency spectrum provides the chemist with molecular information, the medical doctor with anatomic images, while the materials scientist is interested in NMR relaxation parameters, which scale with material properties and determine the contrast in magnetic resonance images.Recent advances in magnet technology led to a variety of small permanent magnets, by which NMR spectra, images, and relaxation parameters can be measured with mobile and low-cost instruments.

Teaching Chemistry can be used in courses focusing on training for secondary school teachers in chemistry. The author, who has been actively involved in the development of a new chemistry curriculum in The Netherlands and is currently chair of the Committee on Chemistry Education of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, offers an overview of the existing learning models and gives practical recommendations how to implement innovating strategies and methods of teaching chemistry at different levels. It starts at the beginner level, with students that have had no experience in secondary schools as a teacher. After a solid background in the theory of learning practical guidance is provided helping teachers develop skills and practices focused on the learning process within their classrooms. In the fi nal chapter information is given about the way teachers can professionalize further in their teaching career. Addresses innovative teaching methods and strategies. Includes a section of practical examples and exercises in the end of each chapter. Written by one of the top experts in chemistry education. Jan Apotheker taught chemistry for 25 years at the Praedinius Gymnasium, Groningen. In 1998 he became a lecturer in chemistry education at the University of Groningen, retired in 2016. He is currently chair of the Committee on Chemistry Education of the IUPAC.

Risk and Safety Management are crucial aspects in chemical industry and academic laboratories. From their rich experience in academic education and industrial practice, the authors present options for professional training addressing engineers and scientists at different career levels. The book informs about existing norms (OHSAS, ISO, etc.) and discusses examples from several countries.

Introduces practical methods for self-experience and finishes with shortcut rules and exercises. This book deals with different ways of scientific invention by problem solving, research, prognosis, and fantasy. At the end of each chapter, a digest of the content is given.

The books in this series are practical guides for chemical synthesis of nanomaterials. Each volume covers detailed experimental procedures for synthesis and characterization of nano materials of a specific type. With recipes for each category of nanomaterials these books represent the ultimate "cook books" for this area.

Deals with maximization of product yields and the net present value for the chemical reaction, optimization of the reaction efficiency, and minimization of costs. This book discusses the best choice of catalysts, different reaction steps and intermediates and the design of the catalytic reactors.

Represents a vital field of basic and applied research. This book describes the relevant parameters of instable atomic nuclei, the various modi of radioactive transmutations, the corresponding types of radiation including their detection and dosimetry, and finally the mechanisms of nuclear reactions.

A new approach to conveying abstract algebra, the area that studies algebraic structures, such as groups, rings, fields, modules, vector spaces, and algebras, that is essential to various scientific disciplines such as particle physics and cryptology. It provides a well written account of the theoretical foundations and it also includes a chapter on cryptography. End of chapter problems help readers with accessing the subjects.

Fundamentals of Electrical Engineering is an excellent introduction into the areas of electricity, electronic devices and electrochemistry. The book covers aspects of electrical science including Ohm and Kirkoff's laws, P-N junctions, semiconductors, circuit diagrams, magnetic fields, electrochemistry, and devices such as DC motors. This text is useful for students of electrical, chemical, materials, and mechanical engineering.

"e;Steude's book offers a very readable and easy-to-understand presentation of the key concepts of inorganic molecular chemistry. Following an introduction into chemical bonding, the book focuses on the material chemistry of the main group elements."e;Prof. Dr. Michael Ruck, TU Dresden

Elemental Analysis is an excellent guide introducing cutting-edge methods for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of elements. Each chapter of the book gives an overview of a certain technique, such as AAS, AFS, ICP-OES, MIP-OES, ICP-MS and XRF. Readers will benefit from a balanced combination of theoretical basics, operational principles of instruments and their practical applications.

Provides many examples to illustrate diverse topics in probability and statistics, from initial concepts up to advanced calculations. Focusing on independency of events, inequalities in probability and functions of random variables, this book is directed to students of mathematics, statistics, engineering, and other quantitative sciences.

Modern applications of nuclear chemistry concern various scientific disciplines, such as high-sensitive, high-selective, and non-destructive analytical technologies, pharmaceutical and medical research with advanced non-invasive molecular diagnosis. This book also discusses the issues concerning waste managements and environmental aspects.

Presents processes, modern research and applications in white, red, green and blue biotechnology using a color-coded classification.

Infinite series are the unifying thread that runs through the history of mathematical analysis. Ever since the 17th century, they have also been inseparably linked to infinitesimal calculus, and form its backbone. This book includes the historical reflections, insights and outlooks that serve to deepen the student's understanding of analysis.

Replacing fossil fuels with renewable resources is a major challenge these days. This book presents the basic science and technologies used to convert terrestrial and aquatic biomass into fuels and chemicals. The value chain for biomass conversion into platform molecules and their transformation into final products are presented in detail.

Metals and Alloys continues the series of graduate textbooks on Industrial Chemistry by Mark A. Benvenuto. It shows the essential industrial applications, processes and chemistry background for the extraction of metals, as well as the production and applications of alloys. The book discusses how large scale and minor processes affect every-day life, challenges in prevention and removal of waste by-products and illustrates selected chemical processes for which efforts have been made to improve and "e;green"e; industrial production of metals and alloys. Sources for metals are sorted by metal and alloy and backed by basic chemical background information and process set up. Overviews on worldwide ore distribution, refined metal and alloy production numbers are another focus of the book. Discusses sources, key processes and applications. Connects what students learn in class to real, large-scale metals chemistry that makes modern life possible. Intended for students, graduate students and beginners in the fiield of Chemistry, Chemical Process Engineering, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science. Visit degruyter.com for more information on books by Mark A. Benvenuto: Industrial Chemistry (2013), Industrial Chemistry: For Advanced Students (2015) and Industrial Inorganic Chemistry (2015). About the Author: Mark Anthony Benvenuto A Fellow of the American Chemical Society, he received his PhD in inorganic chemistry from the University of Virginia. After a post-doctoral fellowship at the Pennsylvania State University, he joined the University of Detroit Mercy, where he is now the Department Chairman and teaches an industrial chemistry course.

This book is a standard work for modern narrative theory. It provides a terminological and theoretical system of reference for future research. The author explains and discusses in detail problems of communication structure and entities of a narrative work, point of view, the relationship between narrators text and characters text, narrativity and eventfulness, and narrative transformations of happenings. The book outlines a theory of narration and analyses central narratological categories such as fiction, mimesis, author, reader, narrator etc. A detailed bibliography and glossary of narratological terms make this book a compendium of narrative theory which is of relevance for scholars and students of all literary disciplines.