Bøger i Developments in Mathematics serien

The monograph is devoted to the use of the moduli method in mapping theory, in particular, the meaning of direct and inverse modulus inequalities and their possible applications. The main goal is the development of a modulus technique in the Euclidean space and some metric spaces (manifolds, surfaces, quotient spaces, etc.). Particular attention is paid to the local and boundary behavior of mappings, as well as to obtaining modulus inequalities for some classes. The reader is invited to familiarize himself with all the main achievements of the author, synthesized in this book. The results presented here are of a high scientific level, are new and have no analogues in the world with such a degree of generality.

This monograph presents a comprehensive, self-contained, and novel approach to the Divergence Theorem through five progressive volumes. Its ultimate aim is to develop tools in Real and Harmonic Analysis, of geometric measure theoretic flavor, capable of treating a broad spectrum of boundary value problems formulated in rather general geometric and analytic settings. The text is intended for researchers, graduate students, and industry professionals interested in applications of harmonic analysis and geometric measure theory to complex analysis, scattering, and partial differential equations.Volume I establishes a sharp version of the Divergence Theorem (aka Fundamental Theorem of Calculus) which allows for an inclusive class of vector fields whose boundary trace is only assumed to exist in a nontangential pointwise sense.

This monograph is devoted to developing a theory of combined measure and shift invariance of time scales with the related applications to shift functions and dynamic equations. The study of shift closeness of time scales is significant to investigate the shift functions such as the periodic functions, the almost periodic functions, the almost automorphic functions, and their generalizations with many relevant applications in dynamic equations on arbitrary time scales.First proposed by S. Hilger, the time scale theory-a unified view of continuous and discrete analysis-has been widely used to study various classes of dynamic equations and models in real-world applications. Measure theory based on time scales, in its turn, is of great power in analyzing functions on time scales or hybrid domains. As a new and exciting type of mathematics-and more comprehensive and versatile than the traditional theories of differential and difference equations-, the time scale theory can precisely depict the continuous-discrete hybrid processes and is an optimal way forward for accurate mathematical modeling in applied sciences such as physics, chemical technology, population dynamics, biotechnology, and economics and social sciences.Graduate students and researchers specializing in general dynamic equations on time scales can benefit from this work, fostering interest and further research in the field. It can also serve as reference material for undergraduates interested in dynamic equations on time scales. Prerequisites include familiarity with functional analysis, measure theory, and ordinary differential equations.

This monograph presents a comprehensive, self-contained, and novel approach to the Divergence Theorem through five progressive volumes. Its ultimate aim is to develop tools in Real and Harmonic Analysis, of geometric measure theoretic flavor, capable of treating a broad spectrum of boundary value problems formulated in rather general geometric and analytic settings. The text is intended for researchers, graduate students, and industry professionals interested in applications of harmonic analysis and geometric measure theory to complex analysis, scattering, and partial differential equations.The ultimate goal in Volume V is to prove well-posedness and Fredholm solvability results concerning boundary value problems for elliptic second-order homogeneous constant (complex) coefficient systems, and domains of a rather general geometric nature. The formulation of the boundary value problems treated here is optimal from a multitude of points of view, having to do with geometry, functional analysis (through the consideration of a large variety of scales of function spaces), topology, and partial differential equations.

This monograph presents a comprehensive, self-contained, and novel approach to the Divergence Theorem through five progressive volumes. Its ultimate aim is to develop tools in Real and Harmonic Analysis, of geometric measure theoretic flavor, capable of treating a broad spectrum of boundary value problems formulated in rather general geometric and analytic settings. The text is intended for researchers, graduate students, and industry professionals interested in applications of harmonic analysis and geometric measure theory to complex analysis, scattering, and partial differential equations.Traditionally, the label ¿Calderón-Zygmund theory¿ has been applied to a distinguished body of works primarily pertaining to the mapping properties of singular integral operators on Lebesgue spaces, in various geometric settings. Volume IV amounts to a versatile Calderón-Zygmund theory for singular integral operators of layer potential type in open sets with uniformly rectifiable boundaries, considered on a diverse range of function spaces. Novel applications to complex analysis in several variables are also explored here.

This monograph presents a comprehensive, self-contained, and novel approach to the Divergence Theorem through five progressive volumes. Its ultimate aim is to develop tools in Real and Harmonic Analysis, of geometric measure theoretic flavor, capable of treating a broad spectrum of boundary value problems formulated in rather general geometric and analytic settings. The text is intended for researchers, graduate students, and industry professionals interested in applications of harmonic analysis and geometric measure theory to complex analysis, scattering, and partial differential equations.Volume III is concerned with integral representation formulas for nullsolutions of elliptic PDEs, Calderón-Zygmund theory for singular integral operators, Fatou type theorems for systems of elliptic PDEs, and applications to acoustic and electromagnetic scattering. Overall, this amounts to a powerful and nuanced theory developed on uniformly rectifiable sets, which builds on the work of many predecessors.

This monograph is part of a larger program, materializing in five volumes, whose principal aim is to develop tools in Real and Harmonic Analysis, of geometric measure theoretic flavor, capable of treating a broad spectrum of boundary value problems formulated in rather general geometric and analytic settings.Volume II is concerned with function spaces measuring size and/or smoothness, such as Hardy spaces, Besov spaces, Triebel-Lizorkin spaces, Sobolev spaces, Morrey spaces, Morrey-Campanato spaces, spaces of functions of Bounded Mean Oscillations, etc., in general geometric settings. Work here also highlights the close interplay between differentiability properties of functions and singular integral operators. The text is intended for researchers, graduate students, and industry professionals interested in harmonic analysis, functional analysis, geometric measure theory, and function space theory.

Two prisoners are told that they will be brought to a room and seated so that each can see the other. Hats will be placed on their heads; each hat is either red or green. The two prisoners must simultaneously submit a guess of their own hat color, and they both go free if at least one of them guesses correctly. While no communication is allowed once the hats have been placed, they will, however, be allowed to have a strategy session before being brought to the room. Is there a strategy ensuring their release? The answer turns out to be yes, and this is the simplest non-trivial example of a ¿hat problem.¿ This book deals with the question of how successfully one can predict the value of an arbitrary function at one or more points of its domain based on some knowledge of its values at other points. Topics range from hat problems that are accessible to everyone willing to think hard, to some advanced topics in set theory and infinitary combinatorics. For example, there is a method of predicting the value f(a) of a function f mapping the reals to the reals, based only on knowledge of f's values on the open interval (a ¿ 1, a), and for every such function the prediction is incorrect only on a countable set that is nowhere dense. The monograph progresses from topics requiring fewer prerequisites to those requiring more, with most of the text being accessible to any graduate student in mathematics. The broad range of readership includes researchers, postdocs, and graduate students in the fields of set theory, mathematical logic, and combinatorics. The hope is that this book will bring together mathematicians from different areas to think about set theory via a very broad array of coordinated inference problems.

This volume is an outgrowth of the research project "e;The Inverse Ga- lois Problem and its Application to Number Theory"e; which was carried out in three academic years from 1999 to 2001 with the support of the Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) (1) No. 11440013. In September, 2001, an international conference "e;Galois Theory and Modular Forms"e; was held at Tokyo Metropolitan University after some preparatory work- shops and symposia in previous years. The title of this book came from that of the conference, and the authors were participants of those meet- All of the articles here were critically refereed by experts. Some of ings. these articles give well prepared surveys on branches of research areas, and many articles aim to bear the latest research results accompanied with carefully written expository introductions. When we started our re~earch project, we picked up three areas to investigate under the key word "e;Galois groups"e;; namely, "e;generic poly- nomials"e; to be applied to number theory, "e;Galois coverings of algebraic curves"e; to study new type of representations of absolute Galois groups, and explicitly described "e;Shimura varieties"e; to understand well the Ga- lois structures of some interesting polynomials including Brumer's sextic for the alternating group of degree 5. The topics of the articles in this volume are widely spread as a result. At a first glance, some readers may think this book somewhat unfocussed.

This book collects and explains the many theorems concerning the existence of certificates of positivity for polynomials that are positive globally or on semialgebraic sets. A certificate of positivity for a real polynomial is an algebraic identity that gives an immediate proof of a positivity condition for the polynomial.

The focus is on primary dominating sets such as paired domination, connected domination, restrained domination, dominating functions, Roman domination, and power domination.

Part I covers line graphs and their properties, while Part II looks at features that apply specifically to directed graphs, and Part III presents generalizations and variations of both line graphs and line digraphs.Line Graphs and Line Digraphs is the first comprehensive monograph on the topic.

The focus is on primary dominating sets such as paired domination, connected domination, restrained domination, dominating functions, Roman domination, and power domination.

In addition, the book covers an assortment of variations on the labeling theme, all in one self-contained monograph.Assuming only basic familiarity with graphs, this book, complete with carefully written proofs of most results, is an ideal introduction to graph labeling for students learning the subject.

The first part focuses on several domination-related concepts: broadcast domination, alliances, domatic numbers, dominator colorings, irredundance in graphs, private neighbor concepts, game domination, varieties of Roman domination and spectral graph theory.

This book provides an up-to-date presentation of homogeneous pseudo-Riemannian structures, an essential tool in the study of pseudo-Riemannian homogeneous spaces.

Fractional equations and models play an essential part in the description of anomalous dynamics in complex systems. Recent developments in the modeling of various physical, chemical and biological systems have clearly shown that fractional calculus is not just an exotic mathematical theory, as it might have once seemed.