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This book provides an up-to-date overview on the biology of microsporidia, focusing on areas where significant progress has been made in recent years. In particular, our understanding of the evolutionary position and the role of genome reduction in the biology of these enigmatic intracellular pathogens is discussed. This book also offers important updates on the mechanisms used by these organisms to modify the host cell biology of mammals, insects, nematodes, and aquatic animals, as well as the mechanisms controlling infection and host specificity. Readers gain a detailed overview of the structure and function of the polar tube, the unique invasion apparatus of microsporidia, as well as the physics and dynamics of spore firing. Particular attention is given to chronic infections in mammals caused by microsporidia, as well as common immune responses.Written by an international team of authors representing the main research groups working on microsporidian biology, this book is a valuable resource for health management professionals, experienced microbiologists, and early career scientist alike who want to learn more about these fascinating parasites. The ideas and latest finding covered in this book contribute to UN Sustainable Development Goal 3: Good Health and Well-Being.  Chapter "e;Impact of Genome Reduction in Microsporidia"e; is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

This volume began with an invitation from the publishers to edit a volume of EXS on Cancer. This invitation undoubtedly derived from my articles in Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences in 2002 and 2003 on the relationships between the morphology, aetiology and pathogenesis of tumours, especially in relation to genetic instability. After many years of teaching the theories of c- cer in undergraduate medical school courses, it seemed to me that the variably chaotic histopathologic features of tumours parallel in some way, the variably unstable genomes of tumour cells, which were being discovered in the 1990s. Thus the title of the volume has come to include morphology, carcinogenesis and genetic instability. The invitation came while I was working with Herrn Dr. med. Hubertus Jersmann (MD Dusseldorf, PhD, now Senior Lecturer in Medicine of the University of Adelaide) and Professor Brian Coghlan (Emeritus Professor of German, the University of Adelaide), on the work of the nineteenth century cancer pathologists, especially David Paul von Hansemann (1858-1920). With the delivery of the manuscripts from the authors of the chapters, it became obvious that a background chapter for the volume could include some of the material which we had "e;uncovered"e; together. Because of this, chapter 1 is authored by the three of us, and the "e;new"e; material figures prominently.

This volume contains a collection of papers presented at the Symposium on Control Problems in Industry, held on July 22-23, 1994 in San Diego. The Symposium, conducted by the Society for Industrial and Applied Math- ematics (SIAM), with the cooperation of the Institut National Recherche Informatique et Automatique (INRIA) , focused on industrial control ap- plications that have benefited from recent mathematical and technological developments. A partial list of themes featured by the Symposium is listed below. 1) Applications of Control Techniques in a) the aerospace industry, b) the automotive industry, c) the environmental science, d) manufacturing processes, e) the petroleum industry. 2) Optimal Shape Design in Aerospace Applications 3) Optimal Design of Micro-optics 4) Robust Control and H-infinity Methods The purpose of this meeting was to bring together experts from in- dustry and academia to share their experience and present new results and new trends in modern control theory, with a focus on real industrial applications. The presentations were selected primarily for the practical significance of the problem solved, though all had significant mathemati- cal components. Control theory is an interdisciplinary field which, in its broadest sense, encompasses contributions ranging from classical engineer- ing disciplines (circuit theory, automata theory, electronics, manufacturing, mechanical engineering, material science), to theoretical engineering (sys- tem theory, computer science) and various areas of mathematics such as ODE, PDE, complex analysis, function theory, algebraic and differential geometry, numerical analysis, etc.

This book provides a comprehensive overview of the genetic basis underlying endocrine diseases. Several endocrine diseases have a genetic background, and contemporary research in the field plays a crucial role in the clinical care of endocrine diseases.

This book focuses on host-pathogen interactions at the metabolic level. It explores the metabolic requirements of the infectious agents, the microbial metabolic pathways that are dedicated to circumvent host immune mechanisms as well as the molecular mechanisms by which pathogens hijack host cell metabolism for their own benefit.

This project will show the context where inflammasomes are being studied and the molecular implications in the medical and clinical contexts. Other important topic of the inflammasomes will be the development of pharmacological inhibitors in order to improve new clinical applications.

This work was compiled to serve as a convenient source that covers a number of techniques (and details of their use) in the rather large field of nanomedicine, with special attention paid to gene delivery.

AMPK has emerged as an important integrator of signals that control energy balance through the regulation of multiple biochemical pathways in eukaryotes. The contributions are written by leading experts in the field and give an extensive overview of the current knowledge of AMPK biology and the role of AMPK in health and disease.

During the period the sponges described herein were which were used only sporadically in the past and were collected (1963-7), the author was a Research Associate regarded as of marginal value until two decades ago, at the Department of Geology, University of Illinois, paleontology and embryology, are now receiving great participating in a research project on carbonate attention. They have already brought drastic revisions to sediments of the Bimini area, directed by Prof. William systematics, with regard to redefinition and classification W. Hay (Department of Geology, University of Illinois. of higher taxa. Other approaches have recently emerged utilizing biochemistry, histology, cytology, autecology, now at the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric and zoogeography, and these promise significant ad­ Science, University of Miami) and supported by the National Science Foundation. The objective of this pro­ vance in the delimitation and classification oflower taxa. ject was a study of the relationship between the carbo­ The rapidly changing state of sponge taxonomy is reflect­ nate sediments of the Bimini area and the benthonic ed in the paucity of definitive (i. e. widely accepted) revisions of genera and families. The lack of stability and fauna and flora, especially with regard to skeletal ele­ ments contributed to the sediment.

This project will show the context where inflammasomes are being studied and the molecular implications in the medical and clinical contexts. Other important topic of the inflammasomes will be the development of pharmacological inhibitors in order to improve new clinical applications.

This work was compiled to serve as a convenient source that covers a number of techniques (and details of their use) in the rather large field of nanomedicine, with special attention paid to gene delivery.

This book focuses on host-pathogen interactions at the metabolic level. It explores the metabolic requirements of the infectious agents, the microbial metabolic pathways that are dedicated to circumvent host immune mechanisms as well as the molecular mechanisms by which pathogens hijack host cell metabolism for their own benefit.

Many arthropods use celestial (skylight) and terrestrial (magnetic) compass cues for orientation, and some of them were shown to develop, through experience, oriented behaviours based on a variety of innate, hard-wired orientation mechanisms.

Carbonic anhydrase (CA) is a seemingly ubiquitous enzyme of profound physiological importance, which plays essential roles in respiration, acid-base homeostasis, bone resorption, calcification, photosynthesis, several biosynthetic pathways and a variety of processes involving ion, gas and fluid transfer.

MicroRNAs as the endogenous mediators of RNA interference have experienced an unprecedented career in recent years, highlighting their pathogenic, diagnostic and potential therapeutic relevance.

AMPK has emerged as an important integrator of signals that control energy balance through the regulation of multiple biochemical pathways in eukaryotes. The contributions are written by leading experts in the field and give an extensive overview of the current knowledge of AMPK biology and the role of AMPK in health and disease.

For instance, for the USA, the NIH website in early 2004 displayed 38 clinical studies involving either pro- or antiangiogenic th- apies. Since Judah Folkman proposed antiangiogenic tumor therapy thirty years ago, it has become increasingly evident that agents which interfere with blood vessel formation also block tumor progression.

During the 75 years of Roche the research division has become by far the largest department in the company, with basic research assuming an increasingly important part in it.

Improved research methods and new ideas and impulses are therefore urgently needed, both to stimulate the specialized scientists and to supply the concerned citizen with the updated background information necessary to make responsible decisions.