Bøger i Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union Symposia and Colloquia serien

Many types of variable stars obey strict relationships between their pulsation periods and brightnesses. The contributions in this volume offer significant new insights from a wealth of recent observations into the period-luminosity relations governing pulsating variables and their implications for the cosmic distance scale.

Multi-messenger science has a long history in solar astronomy, as direct measures of "in-situ" particles emanating from the Sun, like the solar wind, have long been used alongside remote observations to shape our understanding of the heliosphere. Still, the recent advent of several major observational facilities, such as Parker Solar Probe, Solar Orbiter, and the Inouye Solar Telescope, among many others, is now heralding an exciting new era of scientific opportunities within multi-messenger solar physics. This volume collects the proceedings of IAU Symposium 372 held during the XXXIst IAU General Assembly in Busan, Republic of Korea. Its main goal is to highlight how these facilities can address many of the pressing questions facing contemporary solar physics, with a special emphasis on their coordinated operation and the resulting synergies. Graduate students and researchers in solar physics will benefit from the many new results presented within.

Winds form an integral part of astronomy ¿ from regulating rotation of stars through enriching galaxies with fresh materials. Outflowing winds persist during the entire lives of stars and play a key role in shaping the exoplanet demographics we observe. In massive stars, their winds are a vital ingredient of their evolution, from the main sequence to the pre-supernova stage, determining black hole masses as measured from gravitational waves. In the case of low-mass stars, their winds dictate rotational evolution, which affect angular momentum distribution within the stellar interior and thus the generation of magnetic fields. In the case of planets, winds take the form of atmospheric escape, which can strongly affect their atmospheric evolution. IAU Symposium 370 brings together researchers on winds of exoplanets and stars, including the solar wind, to share insights into the physics and modelling tools used by these different communities.

Blazars, the most extreme active galactic nuclei with powerful relativistic jets extending out to kiloparsecs from their central engine, are among the most intriguing and consistently bright objects in the observable Universe. Understanding how they form and shine has been a cumbersome endeavor since their discovery in the 1960s, with several fundamental questions remaining open to this day. The 2020s mark the beginning of a new era of large-scale surveys, multimessenger astrophysics, high-energy polarization, and extreme angular resolution, setting the ideal stage to study astrophysical jets. IAU Symposium 375 was the first IAU symposium to take place in Nepal. It brought together experts from all aspects of the blazar community to facilitate the building of new collaborative efforts to take advantage of the wealth of incoming data that will help provide answers to long-standing questions. It also supported local efforts to promote astrophysics and astrophysical research in Nepal.

This volume, the proceedings of IAU Symposium 363, addresses the astrophysical implications of gravitational wave and electromagnetic observations of neutron stars. It covers the state of the art understanding of mergers of binary neutron stars producing short gamma-ray bursts, and the most powerfully magnetic varieties of neutron stars, magnetars. Encapsulating both observations and modelling, the contributions address extreme transient events including kilonovae, afterglows, magnetar giant flares, and fast radio bursts. By exploring the intersection of studies of isolated neutron stars and binary system synthesis and merging, this collection sets the scene for interpreting exciting results pertaining to powerful x-ray, gamma-ray, and gravitational wave transients to be acquired in the next decade and beyond. IAU S363 will be an asset for astronomers seeking a broad and interdisciplinary overview of neutron stars, their gravitational waves and electromagnetic emission.

The prime parameter determining the evolution of a star is its mass. Any modification to the stellar mass has large repercussions on its evolutionary path. Both low-mass and massive stars are known to power strong stellar winds at the end of their lives. These winds determine the type of the stellar end product and the amount by which these stars contribute to the chemical enrichment of the interstellar medium, ultimately providing the building blocks of planets and life. A proper understanding of stellar evolution and the building blocks in the Universe cannot be achieved without a detailed understanding of stellar winds. IAU Symposium 366 provides an overview of state-of-the-art observational and theoretical studies on the origin of winds in low-mass and massive evolved stars, with topics including binarity, enrichment of the interstellar medium, astrochemistry, and theoretical, observational and numerical constraints on stellar outflows.

The range of phenomena that manifest at all different time and length scales and the wide range of sizes of space objects, from minor bodies in the Solar System to exoplanets, and from dust particles to Jupiter-size bodies, require the development of dynamical modeling and analysis tools that can handle these different scales. This volume collects contributions given by distinguished scientists at the hybrid IAU Symposium 364. The methods in dynamics modeling of space objects have already reached a state of maturity, and their implementation provided a large number of important results pertaining to both the theory and their applications. The contributions cover the recent advances in the multi-scale dynamics of natural and artificial space objects from various perspectives, which will benefit graduate students and researchers working in the fields of celestial mechanics, astrodynamics, planetary sciences, applied mathematics and dynamical systems.

This volume brings together contributions from key speakers at the IAU Symposium 367, centred on innovation in astronomy education. Topics range from cultural astronomy and heritage to citizen science and inclusivity initiatives. Particular focus is given to how emerging technologies provide new opportunities to connect with budding astronomers.

IAU Symposium 359 brings together the active galactic nuclei (AGN) and galaxy evolution scientific communities, to share their knowledge on these processes. They address questions relating to gas acquisition, the fueling of supermassive black holes, AGN feedback processes and the role of a galaxy's environment on its evolution.

Recent observational results have demonstrated that a unified approach to the relationships between solar and stellar magnetism is necessary to advance our understanding of their magnetic fields. IAU S354 presents the recent advances and key problems of solar and stellar magnetic fields, and their impacts on planetary atmospheres.

Laboratory astrophysics is the Rosetta Stone that enables astronomers to understand and interpret the distant cosmos. IAU S350 explores the main themes of laboratory studies, astronomical observations, and theoretical modeling, demonstrating the breadth and the plurality of disciplines engaged in this growing field.

The proceedings of IAU S356 summarise the most recent results in the field of active galaxies and active galactic nuclei (AGN). These are some of the most luminous and most distant sources in the Universe, so they are important for understanding the early Universe and its evolution through cosmic time.

More than ninety percent of stars will end their lives as white dwarfs. They are fascinating objects in their own right, but they also impact other areas of research, such as cosmology, extrasolar planets and fundamental physics. IAU S357 indicates the direction of white dwarf research for the next decade.

Over the past decade, modelling the panchromatic emission of galaxies has become one of the key tools in measuring their properties. IAU S341 offers a broad overview of the state of the field from theoreticians, modellers, and observers, who present and discuss the current frontier in this field.

A major goal of modern astrophysics is to understand how galaxies such as our Milky Way emerged from the primordial density fluctuations in the early Universe and how they evolved through cosmic time. IAU S352 gathers scientific contributions from theoretical and observational experts on galaxy evolution in the young Universe.

Galactic dynamics studies the motions of stars and gas in galaxies to understand their structure and evolution. New observations, from satellites such as Gaia, allow us to validate our theoretical models. These and other large data sets provide insights into how our Milky Way relates to the universe of galaxies.

Astronomy in Focus presents the most relevant contributions from the 15 Focus Meetings included during the XXX IAU General Assembly in Vienna, 2018. Focus Meetings usually address a new scientific area or an emerging field that is not well represented in the IAU's existing Commission structure.

IAU S351 contains highlights of the latest research on many areas of stellar cluster research, including the formation of stellar clusters at high redshifts, multiple stellar populations within stellar clusters, the dynamical evolution of stellar clusters, and the production of exotic objects such as black holes within them.

This collection covers the processes involved in the formation of the Sun and Earth-like planets. Specific topics range from star formation to protoplanetary disks, planet formation, and the basics of life. It provides an interdisciplinary overview of the complex chain of events leading to habitable planets and life.

Perseus provides an outstanding case study for the exploring the physics of relativistic plasma and thermal gas, and the interplay between galactic nuclei and galaxy clusters. Chapters deal with the latest results covering theory, observations, and numerical simulations, spanning a wide range in physical scales and energy ranges.

The proceedings of IAU S346 includes reviews on many aspects of high-mass X-ray binaries (HMXBs), connecting the relatively mature field of massive binary astrophysics and the emerging field of gravitational wave astronomy. Giving an overview of current research activity on HMXBs, it is essential reading for graduate students and researchers.

IAU Symposium 344 presents our current understanding of dwarf galaxies, which are important tools for understanding structure formation and galaxy evolution across cosmic time. Broad overviews from leaders in dwarf galaxy research give the big-picture to experts and novices alike, and cutting-edge results are discussed in detail.

The IAU Centenary Symposium is a broad organisational history, with plenary lectures, reminiscences from past IAU presidents and general secretaries, presentations on famous astronomers who served the Union, the relations between the IAU and various geographical regions through the last century, and trends in astronomical publishing and education.

IAU S339 demonstrates the state-of-the-art in time-domain astronomy, with ambitious instruments and new methodology in the emerging field of astroinformatics. It introduces the rich potential for new analysis techniques and broader spectral coverage, while emphasizing the fundamentals such as data quality, standardization and archive access.

Stars on the asymptotic giant branch (AGB stars) are prime laboratories for studying different physical and chemical processes. IAU S343 builds a bridge between research on AGB stars themselves and their applications to the modelling of stellar populations and the chemical evolution of galaxies, for a broad, interdisciplinary audience of astronomers.

These Transactions provide a record of the organisational and administrative activities of the IAU XXIX General Assembly in Honolulu, Hawai'i, USA, in August 2015. They report and record all of the essential decisions taken by the governing body of the IAU.

The Sun is our nearest star; it is a dynamic star, which changes with time. The periodic variations in the total solar output radiation impacts Earth's atmosphere and climate. IAU S340 discusses the importantance of studying the long-term variation of the Sun and its activity using continuous observations over centuries.

Gravitational waves, predicted by Einstein's general theory of relativity, have now been observed by the LIGO and Virgo detectors, heralding an exciting new era of multimessenger astrophysics. IAU S338 explores how space-time and electromagnetic messengers can be correlated, to help us understand many high-energy astrophysical phenomena.

IAU S247 addresses the latest discoveries on magnetic waves and oscillations, observed recently in the atmosphere of the Sun. It emphasizes magnetic wave and oscillation observations in different observational bands, consolidation of the theory and the observational findings, observations with new and future solar missions.