Bøger i Progress in Mathematical Physics serien

The study of quantum disorder has generated considerable research activity in mathematics and physics over past 40 years. While single-particle models have been extensively studied at a rigorous mathematical level, little was known about systems of several interacting particles, let alone systems with positive spatial particle density. Creating a consistent theory of disorder in multi-particle quantum systems is an important and challenging problem that largely remains open. Multi-scale Analysis for Random Quantum Systems with Interaction  presents the progress that had been recently achieved in this area.  The main focus of the book is on a rigorous derivation of the multi-particle localization in a strong random external potential field. To make the presentation accessible to a wider audience, the authors restrict attention to a relatively simple tight-binding Anderson model on a cubic lattice Zd.  This book includes the following cutting-edge features: an introduction to the state-of-the-art single-particle localization theory an extensive discussion of relevant technical aspects of the localization theorya thorough comparison of the multi-particle model with its single-particle counterpart a self-contained rigorous derivation of both spectral and dynamical localization in the multi-particle tight-binding Anderson model.  Required mathematical background for the book includes a knowledge of functional calculus, spectral theory (essentially reduced to the case of finite matrices) and basic probability theory. This is an excellent text for a year-long graduate course or seminar in mathematical physics. It also can serve as a standard reference for specialists.

* Develops new tools to efficiently describe different branches of physics within one mathematical framework* Gives a clear geometric expression of the symmetry of physical laws* Useful for researchers and graduate students interested in the many physical applications of bounded symmetric domains* Will also benefit a wider audience of mathematicians, physicists, and graduate students working in relativity, geometry, and Lie theory

This volume is devoted to Quantum Decoherence with lectures from the Seminaire Poincare, held in November 2005 at the Institute Henri Poincare Paris. The goal of this seminar is to provide up-to-date information about general topics of great interest in physics. Both the theoretical and experimental results are covered, with some historical background. Particular care is devoted to the pedagogical nature of the presentation.

'MathPhys Odyssey 2001' will serve as an excellent reference text for mathematical physicists and graduate students in a number of areas.; Kashiwara/Miwa have a good track record with both SV and Birkhauser.

Dirac operators play an important role in several domains of mathematics and physics, for example: index theory, elliptic pseudodifferential operators, electromagnetism, particle physics, and the representation theory of Lie groups. In this essentially self-contained work, the basic ideas underlying the concept of Dirac operators are explored. Starting with Clifford algebras and the fundamentals of differential geometry, the text focuses on two main properties, namely, conformal invariance, which determines the local behavior of the operator, and the unique continuation property dominating its global behavior. Spin groups and spinor bundles are covered, as well as the relations with their classical counterparts, orthogonal groups and Clifford bundles. The chapters on Clifford algebras and the fundamentals of differential geometry can be used as an introduction to the above topics, and are suitable for senior undergraduate and graduate students. The other chapters are also accessible at this level so that this text requires very little previous knowledge of the domains covered. The reader will benefit, however, from some knowledge of complex analysis, which gives the simplest example of a Dirac operator. More advanced readers---mathematical physicists, physicists and mathematicians from diverse areas---will appreciate the fresh approach to the theory as well as the new results on boundary value theory.

Astronomers do not do experiments. They observe the universe primarily through detect- ing light emitted by stars and other luminous objects. Since this light must travel through space to reach us, variations in the metric of space affects the appearance of astronomical objects. These variations lead to dramatic changes in the shape and brightness of astronom- ical sources. Because these variations are sensitive to mass rather than to light, observations of gravitational lensing enable astronomers to probe the mass distribution of the universe. With gravitational lensing observations, astronomers are addressing many of the most important scientific questions in astronomy and physics: * What is the universe made of? Most of the energy and mass in the universe is not in the form of luminous objects. Stars account for less than 1 % of the energy density of the universe. Perhaps, as much as another 3% of the energy density of the universe is in the form of warm gas that fills the space between galaxies. The remaining 96% of the energy density is in some yet unidentified form. Roughly one third of this energy density of the universe is "e;dark matter,"e; matter that clusters gravitationally but does not emit light. Most cosmologists suspect that this dark matter is composed of weakly interacting subatomic particles. However, most of the energy density of the universe appears to be in an even stranger form: energy associated with empty space.

This book examines in detail the correlations for the two-dimensional Ising model in the infinite volume or thermodynamic limit and the sub- and super- critical continuum scaling limits. Steady progress in recent years has been made in understanding the special mathematical features of certain exactly solvable models in statistical mechanics and quantum field theory, including the scaling limits of the 2-D Ising (lattice) model, and more generally, a class of 2-D quantum fields known as holonomic fields.New results have made it possible to obtain a detailed nonperturbative analysis of the multi-spin correlations. In particular, the book focuses on deformation analysis of the scaling functions of the Ising model. This self-contained work also includes discussions on Pfaffians, elliptic uniformization, the Grassmann calculus for spin representations, Weiner--Hopf factorization, determinant bundles, and monodromy preserving deformations.This work explores the Ising model as a microcosm of the confluence of interesting ideas in mathematics and physics, and will appeal to graduate students, mathematicians, and physicists interested in the mathematics of statistical mechanics and quantum field theory.

Themainobjectiveofthisbookistogiveacollectionofcriteriaavailablein the spectral theory of selfadjoint operators, and to identify the spectrum and its components in the Lebesgue decomposition. Many of these criteria were published in several articles in di?erent journals. We collected them, added some and gave some overview that can serve as a platform for further research activities. Spectral theory of Schr* odinger type operators has a long history; however the most widely used methods were limited in number. For any selfadjoint operatorA on a separable Hilbert space the spectrum is identi?ed by looking atthetotalspectralmeasureassociatedwithit;oftenstudyingsuchameasure meant looking at some transform of the measure. The transforms were of the form f,?(A)f which is expressible, by the spectral theorem, as ?(x)du (x) for some ?nite measureu . The two most widely used functions? were the sx ?1 exponential function?(x)=e and the inverse function?(x)=(x?z) . These functions are "e;usable"e; in the sense that they can be manipulated with respect to addition of operators, which is what one considers most often in the spectral theory of Schr* odinger type operators. Starting with this basic structure we look at the transforms of measures from which we can recover the measures and their components in Chapter 1. In Chapter 2 we repeat the standard spectral theory of selfadjoint op- ators. The spectral theorem is given also in the Hahn-Hellinger form. Both Chapter 1 and Chapter 2 also serve to introduce a series of de?nitions and notations, as they prepare the background which is necessary for the criteria in Chapter 3.

Physics has long been regarded as a wellspring of mathematical problems. "e;Mathematical Methods in Physics"e; is a self-contained presentation, driven by historic motivations, excellent examples, detailed proofs, and a focus on those parts of mathematics that are needed in more ambitious courses on quantum mechanics and classical and quantum field theory. A comprehensive bibliography and index round out the work. Key Topics: * Part I: A brief introduction to (Schwartz) distribution theory; Elements from the theories of ultra distributions and hyperfunctions are given in addition to some deeper results for Schwartz distributions, thus providing a rather comprehensive introduction to the theory of generalized functions. Basic properties of and basic properties for distributions are developed with applications to constant coefficient ODEs and PDEs; the relation between distributions and holomorphic functions is developed as well. * Part II: Fundamental facts about Hilbert spaces and their geometry. The theory of linear (bounded and unbounded) operators is developed, focusing on results needed for the theory of Schroedinger operators. The spectral theory for self-adjoint operators is given in some detail. * Part III: Treats the direct methods of the calculus of variations and their applications to boundary- and eigenvalue-problems for linear and nonlinear partial differential operators, concludes with a discussion of the Hohenberg--Kohn variational principle. * Appendices: Proofs of more general and deeper results, including completions, metrizable Hausdorff locally convex topological vector spaces, Baire's theorem and its main consequences, bilinear functionals. Aimed primarily at a broad community of graduate students in mathematics, mathematical physics, physics and engineering, as well as researchers in these disciplines. Requisite knowledge for the reader includes differential and integral calculus, linear algebra, and some topology. Some basic knowledge of ordinary and partial differential equations will enhance the appreciation of the presented material.

The most important thing is to write equations in a beautiful form and their success in applications is ensured. Paul Dirac The uniqueness and existence theorems for the solutions of boundary and initial value problems for systems of high-order partial differential equations (PDE) are sufficiently well known. In this book, the problems considered are those whose solutions can be represented in quadratures, i.e., in an effective form. Such problems have remarkable applications in mathematical physics, the mechanics of deformable bodies, electro- magnetism, relativistic quantum mechanics, and some of their natural generalizations. Almost all such problems can be set in the context of Clifford analysis. Moreover, they can be obtained without applying any physical laws, a circumstance that gives rise to the idea that Clifford analysis itself can suggest generalizations of classical equations or new equations altogether that may have some physical content. For that reason, Clifford analysis represents one of the most remarkable fields in modem mathematics as well as in modem physics.

This eighteenth volume in the Poincare Seminar Series provides a thorough description of Information Theory and some of its most active areas, in particular, its relation to thermodynamics at the nanoscale and the Maxwell Demon, and the emergence of quantum computation and of its counterpart, quantum verification.

This book corrects popular misconceptions about China's trade surplus. It examines the relation between RMB's exchange rate and China's trade surplus and discusses how China could potentially reduce trade frictions.

This book explores the dynamics of quasi-integrable Hamiltonian systems, or integrable systems slightly perturbed by other forces, offering our solar system among its examples. Covers the frequency modified fourier transform, wavelets, and more.

This book presents a Lagrangian approach model to formulate various fields of continuum physics, ranging from gradient continuum elasticity to relativistic gravito-electromagnetism. It extends the classical theories based on Riemann geometry to Riemann-Cartan geometry, and then describes non-homogeneous continuum and spacetime with torsion in Einstein-Cartan relativistic gravitation.It investigates two aspects of invariance of the Lagrangian: covariance of formulation following the method of Lovelock and Rund, and gauge invariance where the active diffeomorphism invariance is considered by using local Poincaré gauge theory according to the Utiyama method.Further, it develops various extensions of strain gradient continuum elasticity, relativistic gravitation and electromagnetism when the torsion field of the Riemann-Cartan continuum is not equal to zero. Lastly, it derives heterogeneous wave propagation equations within twisted and curved manifolds and proposes a relation between electromagnetic potential and torsion tensor.