Bøger i River Publishers Series in Communications serien

This book aims to cover a new emerging need in designing digital phase shifter for modern communication systems. With the advancement of new generation mobile communication systems, directed beams of antenna arrays save a substantial amount of power as well as improve the communication quality. In this regard, beam-forming circuits, such as digital phase shifters (DPS) constitute essential parts of the antenna array systems. Therefore, this book is devoted to the design of digital phase shifters for various communications systems. Nowadays, phase array systems demand compact phase shifters suitable for chip implementation with wide phase-range and broad frequency band. Each chapter of this book is organized as stand-alone in such a way that the reader requires no specific background acquired from the other chapters. For each phase shifter topology introduced in this book, the reader is furnished with explicit design equations to construct the circuit under consideration. Furthermore, design equations are programmed using MATLAB to assess the electrical performance of the phase shifters with ideal and lossy components. MATLAB design programs are given at the and of each chapter as appendices and provided as soft copy on the web page of the book. In chapters 12 and 14, MMIC layouts for the lattice and T-section based DPS are provided for the readers. It is hoped that an interested reader can immediately identifies the "e;optimum phase shifter topology"e; for the need under consideration with its estimated electric performance.

Precise and accurate localization is one of the fundamental scientific and engineering technologies needed for the applications enabling the emergence of the Smart World and the Internet of Things (IoT). Popularity of localization technology began when the GPS became open for commercial applications in early 1990's. Since most commercial localization applications are for indoors and GPS does not work indoors, the discovery of opportunistic indoor geolocation technologies began in mid-1990's. Because of complexity and diversity of science and technology involved in indoor Geolocation, this area has emerged as its own discipline over the past two decades. At the time of this writing, received signal strength (RSS) based Wi-Fi localization is dominating the commercial market complementing cell tower localization and GPS technologies using the time of arrival (TOA) technology. Wi-Fi localization technology takes advantage of the random deployment of Wi-Fi devices worldwide to support indoor and urban area localization for hundreds of thousands of applications on smart devices. Public safety and military applications demand more precise localization for first responders and military applications deploy specialized infrastructure for more precise indoor geolocation. To enhance the performance both industries are examining hybrid localization techniques. Hybrid algorithms use a variety of sensors to measure the speed and direction of movement and integrate them with the absolute radio frequency localization. Indoor Geolocation Science and Technology is a multidisciplinary book that presents the fundamentals of opportunistic localization and navigation science and technology used in different platforms such as: smart devices, unmanned ground and flying vehicles, and existing cars operating as a part of intelligent transportation systems. Material presented in the book are beneficial for the Electrical and Computer Engineering, Computer Science, Robotics Engineering, Biomedical Engineering or other disciplines who are interested in integration of navigation into their multi-disciplinary projects. The book provides examples with supporting MATLAB codes and hands-on projects throughout to improve the ability of the readers to understand and implement variety of algorithms. It can be used for both academic education, as a textbook with problem sets and projects, and the industrial training, as a practical reference book for professionals involved in design and performance evaluation. The author of this book has pioneering research experience and industrial exposure in design and performance evaluation of indoor geolocation based on empirical measurement and modeling of the behavior of the radio propagation in indoor areas and inside the human body. The presentation of the material is based on examples of research and development that his students have performed in his laboratory, his teaching experiences as a professor, and his experiences as a technical consultant to successful startup companies.

In recent years, a considerable amount of effort has been devoted, both in industry and academia, towards the design, performance analysis and evaluation of modulation schemes to be used in wireless and optical networks, towards the development of the next and future generations of mobile cellular communication systems. Modulation Theory is intended to serve as a complementary textbook for courses dealing with Modulation Theory or Communication Systems, but also as a professional book, for engineers who need to update their knowledge in the communications area. The modulation aspects presented in the book use modern concepts of stochastic processes, such as autocorrelation and power spectrum density, which are novel for undergraduate texts or professional books, and provides a general approach for the theory, with real life results, applied to professional design. This text is suitable for the undergraduate as well as the initial graduate levels of Electrical Engineering courses, and is useful for the professional who wants to review or get acquainted with the a modern exposition of the modulation theory. The books covers signal representations for most known waveforms, Fourier analysis, and presents an introduction to Fourier transform and signal spectrum, including the concepts of convolution, autocorrelation and power spectral density, for deterministic signals. It introduces the concepts of probability, random variables and stochastic processes, including autocorrelation, cross-correlation, power spectral and cross-spectral densities, for random signals, and their applications to the analysis of linear systems. This chapter also includes the response of specific non-linear systems, such as power amplifiers. The book presents amplitude modulation with random signals, including analog and digital signals, and discusses performance evaluation methods, presents quadrature amplitude modulation using random signals. Several modulation schemes are discussed, including SSB, QAM, ISB, C-QUAM, QPSK and MSK. Their autocorrelation and power spectrum densities are computed. A thorough discussion on angle modulation with random modulating signals, along with frequency and phase modulation, and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing is provided. Their power spectrum densities are computed using the Wiener-Khintchin theorem.

The desire for precise knowledge about the location of a moving object at any time instant has motivated a great deal of scientific research recently. This is owing to a steady expansion of the range of enabling devices and technologies, as well as the need for seamless solutions for location-based services. Besides localization accuracy, a common requirement for emerging solutions is that they are cost-abstemious, both in terms of the financial and computational cost. Hence, development of localization strategies from already deployed technologies, e.g., from different terrestrial radio frequency sources is of great practical interest. Amongst other, these include localization strategies based on received signal strength (RSS), time of arrival, angle of arrival (AoA) or a combination of them. RSS-AoA-based Target Localization and Tracking in Wireless Sensor Networks presents recent advances in developing algorithms for target localization and tracking, reflecting the state-of-the-art algorithms and research achievements in target localization and tracking based on hybrid (RSS-AoA) measurements.Technical topics discussed in the book include:Centralized RSS-AoA-based Target LocalizationDistributed RSS-AoA-based Target LocalizationRSS-AoA-based Target Tracking via Maximum A Posteriori EstimatorRSS-AoA-based Target Tracking via Kalman FilterRSS-AoA-based via Sensor NavigationThis book is of interest for personnel in telecommunications and surveillance industries, military, smart systems, as well as academic staff and postgraduate/research students in telecommunications, signal processing, and non-smooth and convex optimization.

The subject is "e;Virtual Roaming for data services"e; and "e;Seamless Technology change"e; also called "e;Number Continuity"e;."e;Virtual Roaming for voice and SMS"e; was covered in one of the author's previous book. "e;Virtual Roaming"e; means that it allows a subscriber to visit a network which his home network does not have an agreement with. The "e;Seamless Technology change"e; allows a user to keep all his services including reception of calls and SMS sent to his usual number when he switches his GSM to a Satellite phone or to WiFi. The implementation of Seamless Technology change uses the SS7 Roaming Hub and GTP Hubs technology explained in the first part of the book. The book also contains chapters explaining in detail the steering and anti-steering of roaming, LTE Serving Mobile Location Centers, and Advanced Policy and Charging implementations in LTE and 3G. This is to be used as an easy reference book. All the relevant references to the standards are included chapter by chapter. This is the first book on the two main subjects of Virtual Data Roaming and Seamless Technology change. Keywords:Virtual Roaming, Number Continuity, Seamless technology change, Policy Charging and Control, LTE LBS, Steering of Roaming, GTP Hub, MMS Hub,RADIUS Hub, DIAMETER Hub

Provides a concise description of basic electronic components and apparatus and how to work with them practically. Theoretical description is followed by specifying the practical considerations so as to cement the student's understanding of the component/apparatus. This volume contains a detailed component description with focus on real life usability.

Data communication standards are comprised of two components: The "e;protocol"e; and "e;Signal/data/port specifications for the devices involved"e;. The protocol describes the format of the message and the meaning of each part of the message. To connect any device to the bus, an external device must be used as an interface which will put the message in a form which fulfills all the electrical specifications of the port. These specifications are called the "e;Standard"e;. The most famous such serial communication standard is the RS-232.In IT technology, Communication can be serial or parallel. Serial communication is used for transmitting data over long distances. It is much cheaper to run the single core cable needed for serial communication over a long distance than the multicore cables that would be needed for parallel communication. It is the same in wireless communication: Serial communication needs one channel while parallel needs multichannel. Serial Communication can also be classified in many other ways, for example synchronous and asynchronous; it can also be classified as simplex, duplex and half duplex.Because of the wide spread of serial communication from home automation to sensor and controller networks, there is a need for a very large number of serial communication standards and protocols. These have been developed over recent decades and range from the simple to the highly complicated. This large number of protocols was necessary to guarantee the optimum performance for the targeted applications. It is important for communication engineers to have enough knowledge to match the right protocol and standard with the right application. The main aim of this book is to provide the reader with that knowledgeThe book also provides the reader with detailed information about:- Serial Communication- Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (UART)- Universal Synchronous/Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (USART - Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) - eSPI- Universal Serial Bus (USB)- Wi-Fi- WiMax- InsteonThe details of each technology including specification, operation, security related matters, and many other topics are covered.The book allocates three chapters to the main communication standards. These chapters cover everything related to the most famous standard RS-232 and all its variants. Other protocols such as: I2C, CAN, ZigBee, Z-Wave, Bluetooth, and others, are the subject of the authors separate book "e;Microcontroller and Smart Home Networks"e;.

Over recent years industries have faced the problem of how to connect devices to 'speak' to each other with minimum wiring. Philips Semiconductors faced this problem when they needed to connect many ICs together. The Automotive Industry faced the same problem when it needed to connect tens of microcontrollers in each car. Recently, with smart homes, the problem has started to be part of each home. For instance, you may want to build your smart home with accessories from different manufacturers and you want the devices to 'speak' to each other. Added to that, you may want to control them from a central App or voice assist.Solutions for this problem started with the introduction of Inter Integrated Circuits (IIC) and Controller Area Networks (CAN). Both solutions are wired networks that allow ICs and microcontrollers to be connected in a network to communicate together.In smart home automation, a number of common smart home automation protocols that allow different devices to speak and communicate together have appeared during the last few decades. Some of the smart home protocols come under the umbrella of what is called the "e;Internet of Things (IoT)"e;. The proposed protocols can be grouped into wired networks e.g. X10, UPB; wireless or radio networks as ZigBee, Z-Wave, Bluetooth; or dual (wired and radio) such as Insteon.This book introduces to the reader some of the most popular Microcontroller and Smart home networks. The book covers in detail the following protocols:* I2C* I3C* CAN* ZigBee* ZigBee Pro* Z-Wave* BluetoothWi-Fi, WiMax and Insteon are part of our companion book "e;Serial Communication Protocols and Standards"e;.This book gives detailed comparisons between the various protocols. To complete the knowledge of the reader, the book gives in the last chapter a short summary on the protocols that we did not fully cover in this volume: Ethernet, Thread, Insteon, X10 and UPB.

Over the past years, a considerable amount of effort has been devoted, both in industry and academia, towards the development of basic technology as well as innovative applications for the Internet of Things. Adaptive Middleware for the Internet of Things introduces a scalable, interoperable and privacy-preserving approach to realize IoT applications and discusses abstractions and mechanisms at the middleware level that simplify the realization of services that can adapt autonomously to the behavior of their users. Technical topics discussed in the book include:Behavior-driven Autonomous ServicesGAMBAS Middleware ArchitectureGeneric and Efficient Data AcquisitionInteroperable and Scalable Data ProcessingAutomated Privacy PreservationAdaptive Middleware for the Internet of Things summarizes the results of the GAMBAS research project funded by the European Commission under Framework Programme 7. It provides an in-depth description of the middleware system developed by the project consortium. In addition, the book describes several innovative mobility and monitoring applications that have been built, deployed and operated to evaluate the middleware under realistic conditions with a large number of users. Adaptive Middleware for the Internet of Things is ideal for personnel in the computer and communication industries as well as academic staff and research students in computer science interested in the development of systems and applications for the Internet of Things.

Over the past few decades, wireless access networks have evolved extensively to support the tremendous growth of consumer traffic. This superlative growth of data consumption has come about due to several reasons, such as evolution of the consumer devices, the types of telephone and smartphone being used, convergence of services, digitisation of economic transactions, tele-education, telemedicine, m-commerce, virtual reality office, social media, e-governance, e-security, to name but a few.Not only has the society transformed to a digital world, but also the expectations from the services provided have increased many folds. The last mile/meters of delivery of all e-services is now required to be wireless. It has always been known that wireless links are the bottleneck to providing high data rates and high quality of service. Several wireless signalling and performance analysis techniques to overcome the hurdles of wireless channels have been developed over the last decade, and these are fuelling the evolution of 4G towards 5G. Evolution of Air Interface Towards 5G attempts to bring out some of the important developments that are contributing towards such growth.

This book provides in-depth insights into use cases implementing artificial intelligence (AI) applications at the edge. It covers new ideas, concepts, research, and innovation to enable the development and deployment of AI, the industrial internet of things (IIoT), edge computing, and digital twin technologies in industrial environments.

Orthogonal Time Frequency Space Modulation : A waveform for 6G is ideal for personnel the wireless communication industry as well as academic staff and master/research students in electrical engineering with a specialization in wireless communications.

Wireless communications and sensing systems are nowadays ubiquitous. This book introduces the field by addressing its fundamental principles, proceeding from its very beginnings, up to today's emerging technologies related to the fifth-generation wireless systems, Multi-Input Multiple Output connectivity, and Aerospace/Electronic Warfare Radar.

Provides an overview of the Internet of Things - covering new ideas, concepts, research and innovation to enable the development of IoT technologies in a global context. Coverage includes research, technological innovation, validation, and deployment.

The book addresses the current demand for a scientific approach to advanced wireless technology and its future developments, including the current move from 4G to 5G wireless systems (2020), and the future to 6G wireless systems (2030). It gives a presentation of both antennas and the adaptive signal processing.

Wireless Power Transfer is the second edition of a well received first book, which published in 2012. It represents the state-of-the-art at the time of writing, and addresses a unique subject of great international interest in terms of research. Most of the chapters are contributed by the main author, though as in the first edition several chapters are contributed by other authors. The authors of the various chapters are experts in their own right on the specific topics within wireless energy transfer. Compared to the first edition, this new edition is more comprehensive in terms of the concepts discussed, and the range of current industrial applications which are presented, such as those of magnetic induction. From the eleven chapters of the first edtion, this second edition has expanded to twenty chapters. More chapters on the theoretical foundations and applications have been included. This new edition also contains chapters which deal with techniques for reducing power losses in wireless power transfer systems. In this regard, specific chapters discuss impedance matching methods, frequency splitting and how to deploy systems based on frequency splitting. A new chapter on multi-dimensional wireless power transfer has also been added. The design of wireless power transfer systems based on bandpass filtering approach has been included, in addition to the two techniques using couple mode theory and electronic circuits. The book has retained chapters on how to increase efficiency of power conversion and induction, and also how to control the power systems. Furthermore, detailed techniques for power relay, including applications, which were also discussed in the first edition, have been updated and kept. The book is written in a progressive manner, with a knowledge of the first chapters making it easier to understand the later chapters. Most of the underlying theories covered in the book are clearly relevant to inductive near field communications, robotic control, robotic propulsion techniques, induction heating and cooking and a range of mechatronic systems.

Provides a clear insight into the basics of compressed sensing; a thorough exploration of applying CS to audio, image and computer vision; different dimensions of applying CS in Cognitive radio networks; CS in wireless sensor network for spatial compression and projection; and efficient methods to sample and reconstruct the images in resource constrained WMSN environment.

Focuses on the design of analogue and digital communication systems. The basics of analogue communication systems are outlined, before moving on to digital communication systems. The book is divided into five modules, and provides numerous examples and illustrations for detailed understanding of the subject.

Offers an introduction to cellular network planning, covering conventional and contemporary wireless systems. Spectral allocation and the frequency plan are discussed, along with the essential characteristics of wireless systems. The book presents a review of existing models, considering both green field dimensioning and network expansion strategies.

In the last two decades, the wireless arena has witnessed the emergence of an astonishing number of technologies which play a part in the definition of new wireless systems. Driven by the pressing capacity demand, the research community has developed several technological enablers. Fundamental technological building blocks that will be part of wireless systems in the near-future definitely include: Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) modulation at the physical (PHY) layer, Multiple Input Multiple. Output (MIMO) systems, and a cross-layer (CL) stack design. While the benefits of OFDM have been recognized for several years, the real capacity improvement of MIMO antennae is still being debated today. As to the lastpoint, even if opportunities for CL have been pointed out for a long time, the impact on the actual legacy systems has not been noticeable, as investors are hesitant to implement the inherent design paradigm shift. Single and Cross-Layer MIMO Techniques for IMT-Advanced will present some advanced MIMO techniques where adaptivity, cross-layer approach, and MIMO antennae are analyzed together to show a deep impact on the sum-capacityachievable over the wireless link. The introduction presents the functional requirements for IMT-A candidate systems and the relation between IEEE802.16 and LTE wireless access networks. Then, in the first part, adaptive strategies are analyzedseparately at the PHY and Medium Access Control (MAC) layers. The second part presents an evolution of the previous approach, providing a cross-layer MIMO-ARQ protocol, where adaptive MIMO schemes, namely SpatialMultiplexing (SM) and STBC Alamouti, are used with ARQ protocol. A Multiple User (MU) network is served in DownLink (DL) with a Round Robin (RR) scheduler; the design is ready to include more advanced schedulers. The ARQstate machine at the MAC layer is aware of per-antenna ARQ. The interaction between the ARQ and the PHY layer, with a per-antenna ACK, allows resource exploitation to increase with per-antenna ACKs, shifting from MIMO Signal Processing Gain to MIMO Protocol Gain with no need for Channel State Information (CSI) feedback. The absence of CSI feedback at the PHY layer is an important characteristic of the proposedMIMO-ARQ cross-layer designs since MIMO CSI feedback (when feasible) drastically reduces the network efficiency. The added degrees of freedom offered by MIMO transmissions can make the difference if correctly exploited both at the physical and medium access layers, in particular for overcoming the problem of low MIMO channel ranks. The advantages of the paradigm shift from signal processing gain to protocol gain - together with the modifications to be applied at the classical protocol stack - are discussed in the final chapter.

Near field communication devices and the emerging field of Internet of things require efficient short range communication techniques. Classical telecommunication theory however has so far focused on radiating electromagnetic signals which is more suited to terrestrial communication systems. Over the last decade however considerable research and applications of inductive methods have emerged as innovative approaches for secure short range communications by changing the paradigm of an established model of electromagnetic communications. We have witnessed the emergence of embedded inductive medical devices, magneto-inductive waveguides, inductive pots and cooking devices, magneto-inductive sensors, wireless power transfer, inductive hearing aids and the emerging inductive point-to-point communication specifically termed near-field communication (NFC) as used in mobile phones and payment cards to name a few. While there exist a large set of distributed methods and algorithms detailing the design and performances of such applications, a significant gap is observed as a lack of detailed collection of the methods in one place which could be easily understood and used quickly by someone seeking to apply the methods. In this book this missing gap is filled with the required details and the theory of near field communication systems including both the radiating and reactive (energy coupling) near-field systems in addition to the well known far field radiation techniques. The book details the fundamental expressions and design methods which facilitate the creation of near field devices and equipment including embedded biomedical implants. The book contains recent advances in inductive communications, performance, limitations and a collection of applications. It also lays a strong foundation for the application of inductive methods for creating Internet of Things systems. The topics discussed in the book in great details include: Near field and far field methods Circuit models of inductive antennas; Inductive methods in embedded medical devices Range and capacity extension methods including multiple-input and multiple-output inductive systems; Coding and modulation techniques; Narrowband and broadband methods; Magnetic link budgets; Crosstalk Magnetic induction waveguide devices and a Near field Simulator in MatlabThe book is a compendium and design methods for inductive near field technologies and is ideal for design personnel in the wireless communication industries as well as academic staff and master/research students in computer science, wireless sensors, telecommunications systems research, electrical engineering and Internet of things. It is a useful guide for undergraduate student to appreciate the role of inductive circuits and magnetism in telecommunications and electronic devices in general.

Future broadband wireless communication systems are expected to be able to offer new and powerful services enabling fast transmission rates of several tens of Mbit/s. This is an ambitious challenge especially for mobile communication systems since these systems should be able to cope with severely time dispersive channels, associated to the signal multipath propagation. Moreover, these systems should have high spectral and power efficiencies, as well as high capacity and flexibility. Spread spectrum techniques, particularly coded division multiple access (CDMA) techniques allow high capacity and flexibility, continuous transmission requiring low-peak power requirements for the amplifiers, as well as some robustness against fading and time-dispersion effects associated with the multipath propagation. When employed in prefix assisted (PA) block transmission schemes combined with frequency-domain receiver implementations they become especially interesting for broadband wireless systems. In Frequency-Domain Multiuser Detection for CDMA Systems the use of PA block transmission is considered in the context of both DS (Direct Sequence) and MC (Multicarrier) CDMA schemes. The main goal is the study of frequency-domain multiuser detection techniques with iterative signal detection/decoding techniques, also in combination with estimation and cancelation of nonlinear distortion effects. The receiver structures are suitable to scenarios with high interference levels and strongly time-dispersive channels.

Relay systems have become a subject of intensive research interest over the recent years, as it is recognized that they can improve performances and extend the coverage area of wireless communication systems. Special attention has been dedicated to them since the proposal appeared for their implementation in mobile cellular systems. Numerous researches conducted after that proposal have enabled incorporation of OFDM based relay systems in both accepted standards for IMT-Advanced systems. Nowadays, researches are ongoing with the aim to define new solutions for performance improvement of the standardized OFDM relay systems for cellular networks and one of the interesting solutions is implementation of subcarrier permutation (SCP) at the relay (R) station. The book "e;OFDM based relay systems for future wireless communications"e; presents a comprehensive research results in analyzing behavior and performance of the OFDM based relay systems with SCP. Dual-hop relay scenario with three communication terminals, and no direct link between the source (S) and the destination (D) has been analyzed, as it is compliant with the accepted solutions for IMT-Advanced systems. The book includes performance analysis and performance comparison of OFDM based: amplify-and-forward (AF) relay systems with fixed gain (FG), amplify-and-forward (AF) relay systems with variable gain (VG), decode-and-forward (DF) relay systems,each including two SCP schemes, known to maximize the system capacity and/or improve the bit error rate (BER) performances. Performance comparisons have enabled definition of optimal solutions for the future wireless communication systems in a given conditions, and for the given optimality criteria. OFDM based relay systems for future wireless communications contains recent research results in this area and is ideal for the academic staff and master/research students in area of mobile communication systems, as well as for the personnel in communication industry.

Focuses on the new technologies and services enabled by 5G networks or broadband internet networks, including artificial Intelligence (AI), machine learning, augmented reality, Internet of Things (IoT), autonomous driving, blockchain solutions, and cloud solutions.

Focusses on recent technologies and applications of wireless power transfer (WPT) via radio waves in far field. The book also covers the history and future of WPT via radio waves, as well as safety, EMC and coexistence of radio waves for WPT.

Currently, Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) and/or IoT play predominant roles in the cloud communication domain. The main aspects of these types of systems are Wireless Sensor Networks, Cloud and Communication Networks. The data which needs to be disseminated from multiple sources to the destination base station, or sink, is of vital significance. There are many problems which can occur when data is conveyed to the sink. The sink is connected to the cloud via a communication network. The congestion, reliability, delay, fairness, etc. are all of main concern. These can be treated as Quality of Service parameters that govern the performance of the CPS. Above all, energy consumption is the main constrain for WSN node. It is extremely difficult to obtain good QoS by keeping energy consumption low. Even the response of one of QoS parameter depends on the many other QoS parameters.Care must be taken on all QoS parameters in order to improve the performance of the wireless sensor networks. This Quality of Services may improve the application base of the CPS. With the QoS parameters the data dissemination along with energy optimization is affected. The performance of the WSN needs to be regularly checked against the QoS metrics for different data inputs. This may contain the periodic- or non-periodic data, event based data, transient or busty data.Topics discussed in book:Emphasis is given on QoS parameters and their improvement in Network Delay, Throughput, Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), Packet Loss Ratio (PLR), Energy Consumption, Congestion Control, Reliability, Fairness, Delay, Jitter

Provides an overview of the next generation Internet of Things (IoT), ranging from research, innovation, development priorities, to enabling technologies in a global context. It is intended as a standalone in a series covering the activities of the Internet of Things European Research Cluster.

Focuses on the issue of optimizing radio resource allocation (RRA) and user admission control (AC) for multiple multicasting sessions on a single high altitude platform (HAP) with multiple antennas on-board.

Covers the prescribed syllabus for one semester course on Cognitive Radio. Concepts are explained thoroughly in simple and lucid language. Mathematical analysis has been used wherever necessary followed by clear and lucid explanation of the findings and their iapplications. Key technologies presented include dynamic spectrum access, spectrum sensing techniques, and radio network architectures.

To aid policy makers, researchers and members of the academia make informed decision that will help the advancement of 5G, this handbook provides an insight into the impact of existing mobile cellular networks in some developing countries.