Bøger i Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy serien

Part I of this book presents a theory of modal metaphysics in the possible-worlds tradition. The book will be of particular interest to metaphysicians, possible-world semanticists, philosophers of language, and linguists concerned with lexical semantics.

This volume presents studies on pronouns in embedded contexts, and offers fundamental insights into this central area of research. Much of the recent research on pronouns has shown that embedded environments, such as clausal complements of attitude predicates, provide a window into the nature of pronouns. Pronouns in such environments not only exhibit familiar distinctions such as that between bound and referential pronouns; if they refer to the attitude holder, they also participate in a broader range of phenomena, e.g., distinguishing between a de se reading (involving a conscious self-directed belief) and a de re reading (involving an accidental belief about oneself). Topics covered include: the semantics of attitude reports that contain pronominal elements, the semantics of pronominal features and their connection to indexicality, new insights in the connection of pronominal typology and logophoricity or anti-logophoricity, and finally, the localization of embedded pronouns within a bigger picture involving the nature of perspective and the analysis of quasi-pronominal phenomena such as sequence of tense.

a

This volume presents an exploration of a wide variety of new formal methods from computer science, biology and economics that have been applied to problems in semantics and pragmatics in recent years.

Themes that are covered include modern developments of type theories in formal semantics, foundational issues in linguistic semantics like anaphora, modality and plurals, innovational interdisciplinary research like the introduction of probability theory to type theories as well as computational implementations of type theoretical approaches.

This work presents the structure, distribution and semantic interpretation of quantificational expressions in languages from diverse language families and typological profiles. Languages covered include American and Russian Sign Languages, and sixteen spoken languages from Africa, Australia, Papua, the Americas, and different parts of Asia.

In the case of b the first two features get the value +, the third (nasal) gets the value -. bilabial: + voiced: + I nasal: - [Feature matrix for b.] In syntax features are used, for example, to distinguish different noun classes. Besides a matrix representation one frequently fmds a graph representation for feature value pairs.

This monograph grew out of research at Xerox PARC and the Center for the Study of Language and Information (CSLI) during the first year of CSLI's existence.

This volume presents an exploration of a wide variety of new formal methods from computer science, biology and economics that have been applied to problems in semantics and pragmatics in recent years.

This book surveys specificity markers in natural languages, filling a gap in understanding of the semantics and pragmatics of indefinites and showing that research has not narrowed differences between the markers across languages or within single languages.

This detailed, perceptive book analyzes the semantic components of event predicates, exploring their fine-grained elements and their agency in linguistic processing. Offers evidence indicating a more complex role than currently assumed for scalar structures.

ThiscollectionofpapersstemsoriginallyfromaconferenceonProperty Theory,TypeTheoryandSemanticsheldinAmherstonMarch13-16 1986.The conference brought together logicians,philosophers, com­ puter scientists and linguists who had been working on these issues (often in isolation from one another).Ourintent wastoboostdebate and exchange of ideas on these fundamental issuesat a time ofrapid changeinsemanticsandcognitivescience. The paperspublished in thiswork have evolved substantially since their original presentation at the conference. Given their scope, we thought it convenient to divide the work into two volumes.The first deals primarily withlogicaland philosophical foundations, the second with more empirical semantic issues.Whilethere isa common set of issuestyingthetwovolumestogether, theyareboth self-containedand canbereadindependentlyofoneanother. Twoofthepapersinthepresentcollection(vanBentheminvolume Iand ChierchiainvolumeII)werenotactuallyread attheconference. They are nevertheless included here for their direct relevance to the topicsofthevolumes. Regrettably, some of the papers that were presented (Feferman, Klein,and Plotkin) could not be included in the presentwork due to timingproblems. Wenevertheless thank theauthorsfortheircontribu­ tionintermsofideasandparticipationinthedebate. The conference had a group of invited discussants whichincluded Emmon Bach,JanetFodor,Erhard Hinrichs, Angelika Kratzer, Fred Landman, Richard Larson,Godehard Link, Chris Menzel,Uwe Mon­ nich,andCarlPollard.Wethankthemall(alongwiththeotherpartici­ pants)fortheirstimulatingandlivelypresence.

This collection of papers stems originally from a conference on Property Theory, Type Theory and Semantics held in Amherst on March 13-16 1986. Two of the papers in the present collection (van Benthem in volume 1 and Chierchia in volume II) were not actually read at the conference.

In the case of b the first two features get the value +, the third (nasal) gets the value -. bilabial: + voiced: + I nasal: - [Feature matrix for b.] In syntax features are used, for example, to distinguish different noun classes. Besides a matrix representation one frequently fmds a graph representation for feature value pairs.

This monograph grew out of research at Xerox PARC and the Center for the Study of Language and Information (CSLI) during the first year of CSLI's existence.

The purpose clause is a common fonn of adverbial modification in English. John came [to play with the children] [to play with] I brought John along Insofar as purpose clauses appear to be adverbial, they frequently occupy a relatively low place on the scale of important things for syntactic theory to address itself to.

Some languages, for instance French and the other Romance languages, have two morphologically distinct past tenses, a simple past (the French Passe Simple) and a continuous past (the French Imparfait).

The volume contains the proceedings of the 7th Course on Physics and Technology of Free Electron Lasers of the International School of Quantum Electronics, which was held in Erice (Italy) from 17 to 29 August 1980, under the auspices of the "Ettore Majorana" Centre for Scientific Culture.

Based on Papers Presented at the Fourth Groningen Round Table, Held in July 1980 and Organized by The Institute for General Linguistics of Groningen University

Based on Papers Presented at the Fourth Groningen Round Table, Held in July 1980 and Organized by the Institute for General Linguistics of Groningen University

This monograph has grown out of some issues that I began to investigate in my dissertation (Engdahl, 1980a). I am extremely grateful to the members of my doctoral committee, Emmon Bach, Chuck Clifton, Lyn Frazier, Barbara Partee, and Edwin Williams, who gave me construc­ tive feedback all through the writing of the dissertation. In particular, I want to thank my chairperson, Barbara Partee, for her detailed com­ ments and insightful suggestions. To a large extent, the research pre­ sented in this book represents further developments of ideas and problems that came up in our weekly meetings. During this period I also discussed with Eva Ejerhed, Irene Heim, Per-Kristian Halvorsen, Lauri Karttunen, Bill Ladusaw, Jim McCloskey, Stanley Peters, Arnim von Stechow, and Annie Zaenen who in various ways made me aware of additional aspects of the semantics of questions. Several people gave me helpful comments on my dissertation, most of which have influenced the present study in one way or another. Among these people I would like to mention Murvet Enc, Gerald Gazdar, Jeroen Groenendijk, Angelika Kratzer, Fred Landman, Alice ter Meulen, Mats Rooth, and Martin Stokhof. While I was developing the analysis presented in this book, I greatly benefitted from opportunities to present my ideas to other people.

Since the first chapter of this book presents an intro duction to the present state of game-theoretical semantics (GTS), there is no point in giving a briefer survey here.

In actual context the anaphoric definite article will be resolved both for a question and for an indicative sentence. A philosopher may try to paraphrase a question as an indicative sentence, for instance as a statement of ignorance, or as a statement of the desire to know.

Frames and Concept Types

Media are objects with content and character that we describe using in- phrases: in the story, in the picture, in the movie, in the dream...

This volume of papers grew outof a research project on "Cross-Linguistic Quantification" originated by Emmon Bach, Angelika Kratzer and Barbara Partee in 1987 at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst, and supported by National Science Foundation Grant BNS 871999.