Bøger i Topics in Current Chemistry serien

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O. Niyomura, S. Kato: Chalcogenocarboxylic Acids.- S. Kato, O. Niyomura: Thio-, Seleno-, and Telluro-Carboxylic Acid Group 1-17 Elements Derivatives (Except for Carbon Atom on the S, Se, Te).- S. Fujiwara, N. Kambe: Thio-, Seleno-, and Telluro-Carboxylic Acids Esters.- N. Kano, T. Kawashima: Dithiocarboxylic Acid Metal Salts Except for Carbon Atom on the Sulfur.- A. Ishii, J. Nakayama: Carbodithioic Acid Esters.- A. Ishii, J. Nakayama: Carboselenothioic and Carbodiselenoic Acids Derivatives and their Related Compounds.- T. Murai: Thio-, Seleno-, and Telluro-Amides.

With contributions be numerous experts.

with contributions by numerous experts

As nucleophiles, simple alkenes are typically so unreactive that only highly active electrophiles, such as carbocations, peroxides, and halogens will react with them. For the generation of carbon-carbon bonds, milder methods will often be required. Fortunately, it is possible to increase the reactivity of alkene-type p-nucleophiles by introducing electron-donating substituents. Substitution of one H with an OH or OR gives an enol or a vinyl ether, which are already much better nucleophiles. Using nitrogen instead of oxygen, one obtains even better nucleophiles, enamines. Enamines are among the most reactive neutral carbon nucleophiles, exhibiting rates that are even comparable to some charged nucleophiles, such as enolates [1, 2]. Most enamines, unfortunately, are sensitive to hydrolysis. The parent enamine, N,N-dimethylvinylamine, has in fact been prepared [3], but appears to be uns- ble. Enamines of cyclic ketones and many aldehydes can readily be isolated, however [4¿7]. The instability of enamines might at first appear to diminish the utility of enamines as nucleophiles, but actually this property can be viewed as an added benefit: enamines can be readily and rapidly generated catalytically by using a suitable amine and a carbonyl compound. The condensation of aldehydes or ketones with amines initially affords an imine or iminium ion, which then rapidly loses a proton to afford the corresponding enamine (Scheme 1).

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Bismuth Catalysts in Aqueous Media, by Shu Kobayashi, Masaharu Ueno and Taku Kitanosono.- Pentavalent Organobismuth Reagents in Organic Synthesis: Alkylation, Alcohol Oxidation and Cationic Photopolymerization , by Yoshihiro Matano.- Environmentally Friendly Organic Synthesis Using Bismuth(III) Compounds, by Scott W.

Mass spectrometers are used by almost all chemists and many researchers from neighboring disciplines such as physics,medicine,or biology as a powerful a- lytical tool. Its advantages are high sensitivity,speed,and almost no sample c- sumption. During the last two decades,mass spectrometry experienced a boom of new developments pushing its limits further and further at an increasing speed - just similar to the progress in NMR spectroscopy in the 1970s. However,a mass spectrometer does not only serve as a machine for solving complicated analytical problems,it evolved meanwhile to a complete laboratory for the investigation of molecules,clusters,and other species under the envir- ment-free conditions of the highly diluted gas phase. These special conditions existing only in high vacuum change the properties of the particles under study significantly with respect to their energetics and reaction pathways. For ex- ple,temperature is a macroscopic property of a large ensemble of particles in thermal equilibrium and is thus not defined for a single ion. This fact has severe implications for the measurement of kinetic and thermodynamic data of g- phase species. On the other hand,the examination of gas-phase properties has the advantage that systems reduced to minimum complexity can be studied more easily without the complicated influences of solvents or counterions. In parti- lar, the combination of isotopic labeling and mass spectrometry allows for a detailed analysis of reaction mechanisms or conformational analysis through H/D exchange experiments not only on biomolecules.

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Despite more than 200 years of sulfur research the chemistry of elemental sulfur and sulfur-rich compounds is still full of "white spots" which have to be filled in with solid knowledge and reliable data.

with contributions by numerous experts

With contributions by numerous experts

with contributions by numerous experts

The unique properties and applications of transition metal compounds have long fascinated both physicists and chemists. In particular, an introduction into properties of spin sublevels of dd*, dA*, and AA* states is given, and a modern ligand field theory based on the Angular Overlap Model is presented.

Considering the high level of our knowledge concerning covalent bond formation in the organic chemistry of molecules, our understanding of the principles involved in organic solid design is almost in its infancy.

The series Topics in Current Chemistry presents critical reviews of the present and future trends in modern chemical research.

The series Topics in Current Chemistry presents critical reviews of the present and future trends in modern chemical research. The scope of coverage is all areas of chemical science including the interfaces with related disciplines such as biology, medicine and materials science.The goal of each thematic volume is to give the non-specialist reader, whether in academia or industry, a comprehensive insight into an area where new research is emerging which is of interest to a larger scientific audience.Each review within the volume critically surveys one aspect of that topic and places it within the context of the volume as a whole. The most significant developments of the last 5 to 10 years are presented using selected examples to illustrate the principles discussed. The coverage is not intended to be an exhaustive summary of the field or include large quantities of data, but should rather be conceptual, concentrating on the methodological thinking that will allow the non-specialist reader to understand the information presented. Contributions also offer an outlook on potential future developments in the field.Review articles for the individual volumes are invited by the volume editors.Readership: research chemists at universities or in industry, graduate students.

with contributions by numerous experts

With contributions by numerous experts

LegonHalogen bonding in solution, Mate ErdelyiUnconventional motifs for halogen bonding, by Kari Rissanen Halogen bonding in supramolecular synthesis, Christer Aakeroey Halogen bond in synthetic organic chemistry, Stefan M.

B. Basler, S. Brandes, A. Spiegel and T. Bach: Total Synthesis of Kalsoene and Preussin .- R. Bandichhor, B. Nosse and O. Reiser: Paraconic Acids- the Natural Products from Lichen Symbiont .- M. Hiersemann and H. Helmboldt: Recent Progress in the Total Synthesis of Dolabellane and Dolastane Diterpenes .- L. Wessjohann and E. Ruijter: Strategies for Total and Diversity-Oriented Synthesis of Natural Product (-Like) Macrolides .-M. Sefkow: Enantioselective Synthesis of C(8)-Hydroxylated Lignans: Early Approaches and Recent Advances

With contributions by numerous experts

With contributions by numerous experts