Bøger om År 1800 til 1850

On the cover: Four Children in a Louisiana Landscape, or Bélizaire and the Frey Children, 1837. Oil on canvas. Attributed to Jacques Amans, Courtesy of Jeremy K. Simien. Even when African Americans were included in portraits, as in the case with Four Children in a Louisiana Landscape, sometimes they were subsequently removed. This work had been owned and kept in storage by the New Orleans Museum of Art since 1972, but in 2004 it was deemed "not relevant" to their mission and deaccessioned. At that time, the painting pictured only three white children, although a shadow of a fourth figure was visible. Subsequent conservation uncovered the titular fourth child: an African American boy leaning against the tree behind the others. Louisiana collector Jeremy K. Simien acquired the painting in 2021, and author Katy Morlas Shannon identified the boy as a fifteen-year-old enslaved house servant named Bélizaire. Bélizaire was born to an enslaved woman named Sally in New Orleans in 1822. Sally and Bélizaire were sold to Frederick Frey, a German merchant and head of Union Bank in New Orleans, in 1828. The portrait was commissioned by Frey in 1837, likely from Jacques Amans, a French portraitist working in New Orleans. Bélizaire was painted over for unknown reasons at some later point. The subsequent uncovering of the figure as well as Bélizaire's story speaks not only to the concealment of enslavement that long occurred in the South, but also to the possibility and imperative of recovery. The urgency of these ideas is now being recognized by major art museums. The Metropolitan Museum of Art recently acquired the painting, and Bélizaire's likeness and history will be featured before an international audience despite one-time attempts to erase him.

This fully illustrated study investigates the uniforms and equipment of the US regular troops and volunteers from the territories fighting for the Union during the American Civil War.During the American Civil War, the United States Army, pitted against the forces of the fledgling Confederacy, fought to defend and preserve the Union during five long years of bitter conflict. This volume describes and illustrates the uniforms, insignia and personal equipment of the Union Army's regular infantry, artillery, cavalry, and engineers, plus specialists such as US Sharpshooters, Veteran Reserve Corps, Medical Corps, and Signal Corps.This volume also covers the troops fielded by the Territories that fought for the Union. Eight plates of original artwork showing officers and enlisted men of the Union Army are complemented by previously unpublished photographs of soldiers and items of uniform from some of the most comprehensive collections in the United States.

The groundbreaking biography of a forgotten civil rights hero.In the tempestuous mid-19th century, as slavery consumed Congressional debate and America careened toward civil war and split apart-when the very future of the nation hung in the balance-Charles Sumner's voice rang strongest, bravest, and most unwavering. Where others preached compromise and moderation, he denounced slavery's evils to all who would listen and demanded that it be wiped out of existence. More than any other person of his era, he blazed the trail on the country's long, uneven, and ongoing journey toward realizing its full promise to become a more perfect union.Before and during the Civil War, at great personal sacrifice, Sumner was the conscience of the North and the most influential politician fighting for abolition. Throughout Reconstruction, no one championed the rights of emancipated people more than he did. Through the force of his words and his will, he moved America toward the twin goals of abolitionism and equal rights, which he fought for literally until the day he died. He laid the cornerstone arguments that civil rights advocates would build upon over the next century as the country strove to achieve equality among the races.The Great Abolitionist is the first major biography of Charles Sumner to be published in over 50 years. Acclaimed historian Stephen Puleo relates the story of one of the most influential non-presidents in American history with evocative and accessible prose, transporting readers back to an era when our leaders exhibited true courage and authenticity in the face of unprecedented challenges.

Volume II delves into the revolutions of France, Europe, and Haiti, with particular focus on the French Revolution and the changes it wrought. The demarcation between property and power, and the changes in family life, religious practices, and socio-economic relations are explored, as well as the preoccupation with violence and terror, both of which were conspicuous aspects of the revolution. Simultaneous movements in England, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, and Poland-Lithuania are also discussed. The volume ends with the Haitian Revolution and its impact on neighboring countries, revealing how the revolution was comprised of several smaller revolutions, and how, once the independent black State of Haiti was established, an effort was made to fulfill the promises of freedom and equality.

This biography contains 1,000 political cartoons-characters identified, content/context explained, indexed. Nast influenced five Presidential elections; brought down Boss Tweed; created Republican Elephant, today's Santa Claus, Uncle Sam.

A personal exploration of the American West and the work of one of America's greatest photographers.Timothy O'Sullivan is America's most famous war photographer. You know his work even if you don't know his name: A Harvest of Death, taken at Gettysburg, is an icon of the Civil War. He was also among the first photographers to elevate what was then a trade to the status of fine art. The images of the American West he made after the war, while traveling with the surveys led by Clarence King and George Wheeler, display a prescient awareness of what photography would become; years later, Ansel Adams would declare his work "surrealistic and disturbing."At the same time, we know very little about O'Sullivan himself. Nor do we know-really know-much more about the landscapes he captured. Robert Sullivan's Double Exposure sets off in pursuit of these two enigmas. This book documents the author's own road trip across the West in search of the places, many long forgotten or paved over, that O'Sullivan pictured. It also stages a reckoning with how the changes wrought on the land were already under way in the 1860s and '70s, and how these changes were a continuation of the Civil War by other means. Sullivan, known for his probing investigations of place in the pages of The New Yorker and books like Rats and My American Revolution, has produced a work that, like O'Sullivan's magisterial photos of geysers and hot springs, exposes a fissure in the American landscape itself.

A thorough history of Loring's Division could cover hundreds of pages. The battles alone could have been covered in greater detail. The purpose here is to give a good overview of the actions of Loring and his unit commanders, in order to appreciate the entire division. Biographies and battle narratives often only touch on brigade, regimental, and artillery commanders. These leaders deserve biographies of their own, yet they may never be written. A gap is thus left unfilled, but the Biographical Entries section partially fills it. The primary focus of this book is Loring's Division in the Army of Tennessee, where it made deadly charges, proving its valor was equal to any division.

Sieges were the exception, rather than the norm, of the Napoleonic Wars. This simple truth may seem unremarkable to the modern reader, yet it represented a significant shift from the norms of eighteenth-century warfare. The more agile style of campaigning made possible by the invention of the corps system by Guibert, and perfected by Napoleon, inevitably led to strategy shifting towards a focus on climactic, decisive battles. As a result, hundreds of books have been written on the decisive engagements of the era, from Austerlitz to Salamanca and particularly Waterloo.In the process, however, the sieges that were conducted during the period, and their strategic and wider significance, have generally been overlooked in the historiography. It is now more than a decade since Frederick Myatt wrote a narrative study of the sieges of the Peninsular War, and over three decades since Christopher Duffy's book on the military experience in the period. Yet scholarly interest is increasingly beginning to recognize the value of closely examining sieges as a means of understanding wider social, political and military issues during the Napoleonic era.This edited collection draws together established and emerging experts of the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars from around the world to shed new light on the topic. Bridging the gap between high standards of scholarship and public engagement, the volume brings together the latest thinking on a neglected aspect of one of the most written about conflicts in history.From India, to Antwerp, and from the Peninsular War to the Ottoman Empire, sieges remained important aspects of warfare in the Napoleonic era. By examining events such as the siege of Ismail, Wellington's sieges in India and the Iberian Peninsula, and the efforts to establish security on the French border post-war, An Unavoidable Evil, highlights the local and international implications of this form of warfare. It explores how the manner in which sieges were conducted shifted over the period, and how commanders sought to address the challenges they presented for the men under their command, their wider strategic aims, and for the civilians caught in the crossfire.

Explores the unique multi-ethnic British Indian armies under the East India Company.The armies of British India were, as one of its members wrote, 'the most extraordinary phenomenon in the history of the world'. Multi-ethnic, composed of men of diverse ethnicities and faiths, under the flag of the East India Company - 'John Company' - they conquered or controlled much of the Indian sub-continent by 1850, victorious in all but one major war (the first disastrous intervention in Afghanistan).Four armies served and fought for John Company: the three 'presidency armies' of Bengal, Madras and Bombay, and the regiments of the British Army, rented from the Crown by the Company. Together, this disparate collection of European and 'Native' corps - regular and irregular - numbered over 300,000 uniformed men at its height. The army that the 1857 Mutiny destroyed or changed out of recognition essentially dated from the reorganization of 1824. In the intervening 33 years, John Company's armies not only fought half-a-dozen major wars (in Burma, Afghanistan, China, the Punjab, and across India itself), it also faced dozens of insurrections and rebellions, some of which entailed such sustained conflict that they gained its units battle honors. In doing so the armies of British India created a distinctive military culture, one that the Mutiny decisively changed.John Company's Armies traces what those forces constituted and how they were commanded; how they lived and died in camps and cantonments; how they prepared for war (and how conflict in India changed) and how they fought against external foes and internal threats to the Company's rule. It uses a wealth of contemporary sources, archival, visual and published, including research on the sites of battles and cantonments, to evoke the armies' composition and character. It deals with both European and Native forces, explaining their idiosyncratic organization, practices and terminology, and shows how British-Indian armies both prepared for battle and how they experienced it, drawing on the words and images of dozens of its members.John Company's Armies is intended for both the specialist seeking the first comprehensive account of a force traditionally examined to explain the outbreak of the 1857 Mutiny, and for readers such as family historians needing to understand how the army of a distant relative was formed, functioned, and how it fought.

Muskets & Springfields is designed for playing big battles in the American Civil War and is not model scale dependent and uses the player's current basing system. The game is set at the operational level. The player is the army commander with sub command groups. This will be typically a Corps. In these rules a Corp is made up of several infantry brigades, mounted cavalry, and artillery batteries. If you wish you can also include Native American Indian warbands.The basic unit in wargaming terms is the infantry brigade, which are grouped into Corps or Divisions. The game system uses grids as the unit of measurement. The game space is broken into several square grids which represent 300 yards in ground scale. Taking a balance of the various drill guides of the period this is approximately equal to 600 men in two ranks. For a typical 6x4 playing space it is recommended a ratio width x depth of 1.5 x 1. A typical 6x4 table provides the following 12 (3600 yds) by 8 (2400 yds) of battlefield.Morale is handled at the corps level and attrition is held at the individual unit base. These rules have three levels of morale. This is not the usual average, veteran, elite often used. Instead, the format is designed to reflect the actual state of mind on the day. These are Unknown, Nervous and Steady. In a game, unless representing specific historical units all bases start as Unknown. The actual morale state is not known till the unit takes damage. The player then rolls against a chart which provides a score for the unit being Nervous or Steady. This is dependent on the year being played and if Confederate or Union. When a unit fails a morale check this is recorded against their parent corps. Once a corps reaches its break point it will then flee the battlefield. Attrition is held at the unit level. This represents loss of cohesion, battlefield casualties or supplies running low. A unit can absorb 6 hits before it is automatically destroyed.To facilitate a clean flow of play these rules also facilitate the use of sharpshooters and skirmishers. Turns use a bag-pull system in which it is possible for the non-active player to able to interdict the play.​

A sociological approach to appreciating the legacy of first African American hero of the Civil War

"Killed in action at the famous Battle of Shiloh, Confederate General Albert Sidney Johnston stands as the highest-ranking Civil War soldier to perish in battle. He is also the highest-ranking American military officer ever to die in combat. His unexpected death had cascading negative ramifications on the Confederate war effort, especially in the Western Theater, where his absence created a void in adequate leadership. Johnston's experiences before the war are a window into the factors that compelled men like him to volunteer to fight to preserve slavery. Surprisingly, there have been only two major biographies of Johnston, one by his son in the 1870s and another by historian Charles P. Roland in the 1960s. In "The Iron Dice of Battle," prolific Civil War historian Timothy Smith reexamines Johnston's life and death, reaching new conclusions about both. According to Smith, as a commander, Johnston constantly faced larger and better-armed Union forces, which dramatically shaped his command decisions, turning him into a strategic gambler. Over and over, he noted that his strategy was essentially a roll of the dice. Johnston's personality was anything but that of a gambler, making choices that required quick and bold bluffs or audacious enemy engagement at odds with his inclinations. Nevertheless, he gambled with his life and troops throughout his command. The final wager came with his army at Shiloh in April 1862. He had alerted his troops that "we must this day conquer or perish," and he perished instead of conquered. His death came amid a desperate gamble to mold the fighting the way he needed it to go; in doing so, he charged ahead to lead from the front and fell mortally wounded. The first volume to examine Johnston's life and career in detail in nearly sixty years, "The Iron Dice of Battle" builds on modern scholarship to provide a new and incisive analysis of not only Johnston's life but, more importantly, his Confederate command and the effect his death had on the remainder of the Civil War in the West"--

In The Politics of Faith during the Civil War, Timothy L. Wesley examines the engagement of both northern and southern preachers in politics during the American Civil War, revealing an era of denominational, governmental, and public scrutiny of religious leaders. Controversial ministers risked ostracism within the local community, censure from church leaders, and arrests by provost marshals or local police. In contested areas of the Upper Confederacy and Border Union, ministers occasionally faced deadly violence for what they said or would not say from their pulpits. Even silence on political issues did not guarantee a preacher's security, as both sides arrested clergymen who defied the dictates of civil and military authorities by refusing to declare their loyalty in sermons or to pray for the designated nation, army, or president. The generation that fought the Civil War lived in arguably the most sacralized culture in the history of the United States. The participation of church members in the public arena meant that ministers wielded great authority. Wesley outlines the scope of that influence and considers, conversely, the feared outcomes of its abuse. By treating ministers as both individual men of conscience and leaders of religious communities, Wesley reveals that the reticence of otherwise loyal ministers to bring politics into the pulpit often grew not out of partisan concerns but out of doctrinal, historical, and local factors. The Politics of Faith during the Civil War sheds new light on the political motivations of homefront clergymen during wartime, revealing how and why the Civil War stands as the nation's first concerted campaign to check the ministry's freedom of religious expression.

Finalist for the Lincoln PrizeWinner of the Colonel Richard W. Ulbrich Memorial Book Award Traditional histories of the Civil War describe the conflict as a war between North and South. Kenneth W. Noe suggests it should instead be understood as a war between the North, the South, and the weather. In The Howling Storm, Noe retells the history of the conflagration with a focus on the ways in which weather and climate shaped the outcomes of battles and campaigns. He further contends that events such as floods and droughts affecting the Confederate home front constricted soldiers' food supply, lowered morale, and undercut the government's efforts to boost nationalist sentiment. By contrast, the superior equipment and open supply lines enjoyed by Union soldiers enabled them to cope successfully with the South's extreme conditions and, ultimately, secure victory in 1865. Climate conditions during the war proved unusual, as irregular phenomena such as El Niño, La Niña, and similar oscillations in the Atlantic Ocean disrupted weather patterns across southern states. Taking into account these meteorological events, Noe rethinks conventional explanations of battlefield victories and losses, compelling historians to reconsider long-held conclusions about the war. Unlike past studies that fault inflation, taxation, and logistical problems for the Confederate defeat, his work considers how soldiers and civilians dealt with floods and droughts that beset areas of the South in 1862, 1863, and 1864. In doing so, he addresses the foundational causes that forced Richmond to make difficult and sometimes disastrous decisions when prioritizing the feeding of the home front or the front lines. The Howling Storm stands as the first comprehensive examination of weather and climate during the Civil War. Its approach, coverage, and conclusions are certain to reshape the field of Civil War studies.

""Confederate Privateer" is a comprehensive account of the brief life and exploits of John Yates Beall of Virginia, a Confederate soldier, naval officer, and guerrilla in the Chesapeake Bay and Great Lakes region. A resident of Charles Town, Virginia (now West Virginia), near Harpers Ferry, Beall was a witness and a militia participant in the trial of John Brown and his execution in 1859. Beall later signed on as a private in the Confederate army and suffered a wound in defense of Harpers Ferry early in the war. He quickly became a fanatical Confederate, ignoring the issue of slavery by focusing on a belief that he was fighting to preserve liberty against a tyrannical Republican party that had usurped the republic and its constitution. After recovering partly from his wound, Beall signed on with Stonewall Jackson's army. However, his weakened physical condition prevented him from joining the unit. Still seeking an active role in the Confederate cause, he traveled to the Midwest and then to Canada, where, among escaped rebel prisoners of war, he developed an elaborate plan for Confederate operations on the Great Lakes. After making his way to Richmond, Beall laid his plan before Confederate President Jefferson Davis and Secretary of the Navy Stephen Mallory, who commissioned him an acting master in the Confederate navy. Instead of the Great Lakes operation, Mallory authorized a small privateering action on the Chesapeake Bay. Led by "Captain" Beall, the operation damaged or destroyed several ships in or under the protection of the United States Navy. For his part in organizing the raids, Beall became known as the "Terror of the Chesapeake." After United States forces captured Beall and his men, the War Department prepared to try them as pirates, a hanging offense. When the Davis administration threatened to execute the same number of Union prisoners, Secretary of War Edwin Stanton backed down. Freed in a later prisoner exchange, Beall returned to the Great Lakes and organized another privateering operation. After some early successes on the water, Beall hatched a plan to derail a passenger train transporting Confederate prisoners of war near Niagara, New York. Captured before he could carry out the mission, the Union army charged Beall with conspiracy, found him guilty, sentenced him to death, and executed him. Harris's history of Beall offers a new lens on paramilitary efforts by civilians to support the Confederacy. It also sheds light on the South's secret operations in neutral Canada to thwart the Union. Though little remembered today, Beall was a famous and heroic figure in the Civil War South. Indeed, so much so that his execution was on John Wilkes Booth's list of reasons to assassinate President Abraham Lincoln. Based on exhaustive primary and secondary sources and placed in the context of more extensive Confederate guerrilla operations, especially in Canada, "Confederate Privateer" is sure to be of interest to Civil War scholars and general readers interested in the conflict"--

"The story of the fraught relationship between Abraham Lincoln and George McClellan is well known. Indeed, so much so that many scholars do not question its established history. In Conflict in Command, acclaimed Civil War historian George C. Rable rethinks that stance, providing a new understanding of the interaction between the President and his leading wartime general. He does so not by uncovering striking new evidence but instead by reinterpreting their relationship by focusing on its politics. Rable pays considerable attention to Lincoln's cabinet, the Congress, and newspaper editors, revealing the role each played in shaping relations between the men. While he deals with McClellan's military campaigns as the commander of the Army of the Potomac, his focus is on the political fallout rather than the minutia of battlefield actions. This broadly conceived political approach to the story brings in both officers and enlisted men in the Army of the Potomac as citizen-soldiers and political actors. Although there are two short books on the Lincoln-McClellan relationship, most accounts of the men focus on either one or the other, and the vast majority adopt a strongly pro-Lincoln position. Taking a far more neutral stance, Rable analyzes how the relationship between the two men developed politically and ultimately failed spectacularly, profoundly altering the course of the Civil War. As he deftly shows, the political aspects of the interactions between Lincoln and McClellan provide a much fuller understanding of their relationship. Rable's innovative study is sure to be of widespread interest to Civil War scholars and presidential historians"--

"Frank Cirillo's "The Abolitionist Civil War" examines the dramatic transformation of the abolitionist movement during the American Civil War, specifically its far-reaching origins, shifting contours, and drastic consequences for both abolitionism and the nation."--

Carin Idman er en autentisk, spændende og underholdende biografi. Bogens personer med sted- og tidsangivelser såvel som handlingen i Finland, Danmark og Sverige er således virkelige, og som de fremtræder gennem en 125-års tidsperiode skildret af min farmor, ”Fimi”. Slægtskrøniken er opdelt i tre dele: ”Skyggebilleder” (1856-1923) Historien tager sin begyndelse med zar Alexander den II’s besøg i Tammerfors. Familien Idmans nære venskab med zaren, herregårdslivet, hungersnøden, svensk-finske relationer, tiden fra den begyndende industrialisering over Første Verdenskrig og den finske Frihedskrig frem til promotionsfestlighederne i Helsingfors 1923. ”Lysglimt” (1923-1948) Første ægteskab, der blandt andet tager læseren til Italien og Danmark. Dansk–finske relationer og Fimis andet ægteskab gennem Vinterkrigen og Fortsættelseskrigen, med evakueringen til Sverige under Anden Verdenskrig. ”En plads i solen” (1948-1981) Efterkrigstiden, der igen knytter forbindelse til Danmark og Sverige og Fimis tredje og fjerde ægteskab. Venskabet med forfatterinde Brigitta Gadolin og deres rejser til blandt andet Ibiza. Sidst den tiltagende alderdom, hvor fortid og nutidens historier forenes. Carin Idman var en finlandssvensk personlighed. Hun havde et lyst sind og en ufattelig god hukommelse. Hendes livshistorie, som hun selv fortæller den, er under de mest dramatiske begivenheder beskrevet med en lethed og underfundig humor, der var så kendetegnende for hendes person. Fimis væremåde og optimisme skinner igennem som en lille sol, netop fordi hun bestræbte sig på at gøre sin livshistorie så spændende, levende og frem for alt så underholdende som muligt. Formen er som en samtale mellem fortæller og læser, og bogen findes oversat til svensk og finsk.Uddrag af bogen Både inde og udenfor kupeerne var der en råben og larm uden sidestykke. Børn med blot en navneseddel omkring halsen som eneste identifikation blev hjulpet ombord, mens ulykkelige forældre og andre familiemedlemmer stod hjælpeløst tilbage som fortvivlede tilskuere. De frivillige lotter var helt enestående i denne sammenhæng, og kvinderne tog sig både kærligt og venligt af de stakkels børn, som skulle ud på deres måske livs største og mest omvæltende rejse. Med utallige stop undervejs foregik turen som fortalt nordpå til Torneå. Derfra skulle børnene gå over broen til fods og fortsætte ind i det frie, neutrale Sverige – nøjagtig som vi selv havde gjort under vinterkrigen. En del af disse børn skulle aldrig vende tilbage og andre skulle ikke gense sine familier. Marita Wallgren (Jvf. del 1 side 161-163) var en af de mange lotter som fulgte børnene til Sverige, og hun kunne senere fortælle hvor frygteligt og sørgeligt det hele havde været. Men det var ikke desto mindre en bydende nødvendighed for at redde de arme småbørn og sikre deres overlevelse. Om forfatteren Carl-Bernhard von Christierson er født i Finland 1954 og har siden barndommen været tilknyttet forskellige teatre i Danmark og England som skuespiller, scenograf og instruktør. Oprindelig elev ved kgl. skuespiller Erik Mørk og Olaf Ussing og har sidenhen medvirket i et utal af skuespil og musicals. Han arbejder fortsat som dramaturg, tekstforfatter og librettist. Som rejsekonsulent med national- og marineparker som speciale har opgaverne inkluderet bl.a. Ægypten, Kenya, Sydafrika, Brasilien og Venezuelas regnskove, USA’s og Canadas vestlige nationalparker, Grønland, Mongoliet, Fjernøsten, Kina, Australien og New Zealand. Arbejder i dag udelukkende som freelanceskribent med rekognoscering af destinationer for sportsdykkere i Stillehavsområdet.

"Alfred Thayer Mahan's The Influence of Seapower upon History is well known to students of naval history and strategy, but his other writings are often dismissed as irrelevant to today's problems. This collection of five of Mahan's essays, along with Benjamin Armstrong's informative introductions, illustrates why Mahan's work remains relevant to the 21st century and how it can help develop our strategic thinking"--

How did the Civil War affect the current cultural attitudes of those born in North Carolina? Did the US Civil War's historical impact of defeat lead to Southern Families never forgetting their invalidation and blaming all "Northerners" for the economic hardships of the Federal Government? One hundred and fifty-eight years have passed, but generational links continued to weave the perception that poverty and despair are still factors created by the Northern Federal Government. If in 2023, Northern homeowners move into HOA Southern born neighborhoods, they may experience dangerous hostilities.

A fully illustrated and accessible history of the Shiloh campaign.

A significant and deeply researched examination of the free nineteenth-century Black developers who transformed the cultural and architectural legacy of New Orleans.