Bøger om Det bibelske Israel

Jeg havde tyfus – en sygdom, man engang kaldte »fængselsfeber« i Europa, fordi den så ofte brød ud i fængsler. I den forstand var det kun passende, at jeg var blevet smittet i Auschwitz-Birkenau, det ultimative fængsel. Men dér kaldte man det Judenfieber, jødefeber. Ens kropstemperatur stiger til op mod 41 grader, og man får en tør hoste – en hoste, jeg stadig døjer med i dag. Uden behandling kan dødeligheden ligge på hele 60 procent. Alt det vidste jeg ikke dengang. Jeg vidste heller ikke, at de rå løg, de gav mig at spise i stedet for medicin, overhovedet ikke hjalp mig. Det eneste, jeg vidste, var, at jeg var skrækkeligt syg. Men viljen til at overleve holdt mig kørende og satte mig i stand til at kravle ud af køjesengen og stå ret sammen med de andre patienter, den dag Josef Mengele kom. Jeg havde selvfølgelig set ham mange gange før på rampen – denne høflige, pæne og ulasteligt klædte SS-officer, der så fangerne an, når de tumlede ud af godsvognene. En udstrakt finger i de kostbare, grå dådyrskindhandsker; andet var der ikke. En finger mod højre betød liv, mod venstre betød død. Det var den vej, min familie var gået. De var tabere i nazisternes grufulde lotteri.

Jødernes historie begrænses i dag ofte til forfølgelser, holocaustforbrydelserne og de politiske begivenheder i Mellemøsten. Denne bog ønsker at åbne for et mere facetteret og farverigere billede, hvortil især også hører den frugtbare udveksling med andre kulturer. Selv om jøderne altid har udgjort en lille minoritet, har de efterladt deres spor i talrige kulturer, har præget de store verdensreligioner og har udviklet deres egne livsverdener. Michael Brenner skildrer præcist og gennem rammende eksempler den mangefacetterede historie for en nation og en religion. Han tager læserne med på en verdensrejse fra den Nære Orient over den græske og romerske verden, det mauriske Spanien og Centraleuropa til Østeuropa, Israel og Amerika. Der opstår således et fascinerende panorama over en historie, som netop på grund af de mange brud og tvungne nye begyndelser gør indtryk gennem sin kontinuitet og troskab mod egne rødder.

Zions vises protokoller er et stykke skønlitteratur, som giver sig ud for at være et historisk sandfærdigt skrift – og aldrig har et stykke fiktion haft så tragisk en virkningshistorie. Den danske historiker Morten Thing fortæller historien om antisemitismens bibel. Udover Morten Things historie om tilblivelsen og udbredelsen af det antisemitiske smædeskrift indeholder bogen også selve den oprindelige danske version af Zions vises protokoller fra 1920.Zions vises protokoller udkom første gang i 1903 på russisk og berettede om, hvordan jøder i århundreder havde forberedt sig på at tage magten over hele kloden. I 1919 oversættes teksten for første gang, først til svensk og derefter til polsk, tysk, engelsk, dansk og mange andre sprog. I 1921 afsløres det, at teksten er et falsum. Afsløringen får imidlertid ingen effekt på tekstens udbredelse, og den er i dag kommet i op mod 950 forskellige udgaver på 38 forskellige sprog. Det er uden sammenligning den mest udbredte antisemitiske tekst i verden, som stadig til dato mange steder læses som om, det var et sandt historisk skrift, der beviser ”en jødisk konspiration”.

Der vorliegende Band versammelt Aufsätze, die aus Vorträgen auf der ,47. Internationalen Ökumenischen Konferenz der Hebräischlehrenden' (IÖKH) in der Hochschule für Jüdische Studien Heidelberg hervorgegangen sind.Die thematische Vielfalt der Beiträge reicht von der Betrachtung stilistisch eingesetzter Verbformen in biblischen und qumranischen Texten über die Untersuchung von Manuskripten vom Toten Meer auf ihre orthographischen und sprachlichen Kontakte untereinander sowie mit dem zeitgenössischen judäischen Aramäisch bis hin zu Studien über Etymologie, Vokalisierung und Akzentuation des masoretischen Textes.

For almost two millennia, readers of the New Testament have been trying to figure out Paul. The struggle with his words begins already within the canon itself. While Acts portrays with ease a Torah-observant, Pharisaic-messianic Paul working in partnership with James and other leaders in Jerusalem, the author of 2 Peter famously admitted that the apostle to the nations is difficult to understand. From that moment on debate has ebbed and flowed on all things Pauline; on women as leaders in assemblies and on the status of Jews and Gentiles in God's plan, just to mention two of the contentious topics associated with Paul. For clergy, scholar, and lay person, Paul's letters hold weight and continue to draw in new readers. Anders Runesson seeks to listen to the voice of the historical Paul - a Jew proclaiming a form of Judaism to non-Jews to save them from divine wrath - but also to probe what it means to breathe new life into this historical figure in the twenty-first century. "The Paul-within-Judaism movement is here to stay, and Anders Runesson is arguably its most hermeneutically sophisticated spokesperson. In this remarkable book, Runesson expertly guides us through difficult questions of social history, exegesis, ancient reception history, and modern constructive theology, all of which we need in order to understand Paul 'beyond the parting of the ways paradigm.'" Matthew V. Novenson, University of Edinburgh "In this compelling book, Anders Runesson incarnates Roman-period types of Judaism-thus, the seedbed of later Christianities-within their institutional matrix, the ancient synagogue. Radically reconceiving the so-called "parting of the ways," he traces a developmental arc from Paul through Theodosius I to explore how and why this apocalyptic Jewish movement, with its odd outreach to ethnic others, became the anti-Jewish arm of the late Roman state. If new ideas are food for thought, Runesson has served a feast." Paula Fredriksen, author of "Paul, the Pagans' Apostle" "This is the mature fruit of intensive research over a significant period of time, drawing together Runesson's explorations on Paul and Pauline theology, locating him firmly within his Jewish context on the one hand, and taking seriously that he is addressing gentiles. The historical depth and methodological rigor as well as the key awareness of hermeneutical presuppositions render this a rich and challenging source for scholars and students alike. But this is not only another academic contribution to the important field of Pauline studies, Runesson demonstrates how this approach to Paul is also relevant for theologizing in contemporary churches and interreligious interaction today. Thus the volume is a must for all engaged in Pauline Studies as well as in contemporary church and interreligious work." Kathy Ehrensperger, Abraham Geiger Kolleg, Potsdam "In recent years, Anders Runesson has emerged as a leading voice in the (distinct but related) projects of reading Matthew and Paul "within Judaism." In this significant volume on Paul, he draws on material from a number of his previous articles and book chapters, working it into a cohesive and comprehensive account of Paul's "Judaism for gentiles" and its place within a larger interpretive horizon. Over against approaches that see Paul as the architect of a "parting of the ways," Runesson understands him as working towards a "joining of the ways"-mixed groups of Jewish and gentile Christ-believers existing within the larger environment of Jewish diaspora synagogues. An impressive achievement, highly recommended." Terence L. Donaldson, Professor Emeritus, Wycliffe College, University of Toronto "In these important essays, Anders Runesson provides readers with an account of a thoroughly embodied and socially embedded Paul, a first-century Jewish Messiah follower seeking to live in the Roman world. The volume is a must read for anyone interested in thinking about the historical Paul." Matthew Thiessen, McMaster University, Hamilton "Anders Runesson takes his readers beyond the familiar constructions of Paul, significantly advancing the discussion of how to understand him and his movement. Historical and textual details are interrogated with clear, methodological discipline. The investigation is thoughtful, engaging, and accessible to informed non-specialists as well as scholars." Mark D. Nanos, PhD, University of St. Andrews, Scotland, author of "Reading Paul within Judaism" "Anders Runesson's essays impress for three reasons: First, by breaking with classical models of explanation, his handling of the reconstruction of early Christianity is not only innovative, but when set against the backdrop of historical and hermeneutical considerations, opens up further approaches and new perspectives. Second, because he is well-versed in dealing with literary and archaeological sources, Runesson is skillfully able to reorganize and interpret these factors. And finally, his contributions provide such a welcome interest in historical and theological research that even those who do not agree with all the results are constantly challenged to revisit well-trodden paths in search of fresh insights." Markus Öhler, University of Vienna

The first book to discuss the arcaheology of first-century Nazareth - Jesus' hometown in Galilee - written for the general reader. This is the latest consideration of whether the 'House of Jesus' really was Jesus' family home.

A detailed exploration of the remaining wall scenes and texts from the tomb of Parennefer, the royal butler of the pharaoh Akhenaten, part of the archaeological site in the ancient Theban necropolis in Egypt.

Alexandria was one of the main hubs of the Hellenistic world and a cultural and religious "kaleidoscope." Merchants and migrants, scientists and scholars, philosophers, and religious innovators from all over the world and from all social backgrounds came to this ancient metropolis and exchanged their goods, views, and dreams. Accordingly, Alexandria became a place where Hellenistic, Egyptian, Jewish, and early Christian identities all emerged, coexisted, influenced, and rivaled each other. In order to meet the diversity of Alexandria's urban life and to do justice to the variety of literary and non-literary documents that bear witness to this, the volume examines the processes of identity formation from a range of different academic perspectives. Thus, the present volume gathers together twenty-six contributions from the realm of archaeology, ancient history, classical philology, religious studies, philosophy, the Old Testament, narratology, Jewish studies, papyrology, and the New Testament.

Within the framework of Paul's use of Scripture, the contexts of biblical narratives are of great significance, although this has long been underestimated. This conference volume deals with the reception of traditions about Moses in the letters of the apostle to the Gentiles, especially the exodus and Sinai traditions. It focuses on the important and much-discussed passages about the danger of idolatry in 1 Corinthians 10 as well as on the glory of Paul's apostolic ministry in 2 Corinthians 3. The collected essays are methodologically oriented towards the issue of the relationship between education/formation and religion, and they thus perceive Paul's use and interpretation of those biblical traditions as a process of religious education. Tradition-historical backgrounds and the contexts of the situations are also taken into consideration, as well as literary structures and communicative intentions.

Der vorliegende Sammelband untersucht die Konzepte, Methoden und Inhalte der Auslegung autoritativer religiöser Texte in Antike und Mittelalter. Diese Texte sind Ausgangs- und Ansatzpunkte in Unterweisungen, die zur Orientierung und Identitätsbildung dienen, dem Einzelnen ebenso wie Gemeinschaften und Gesellschaften. Fachvertreterinnen und Fachvertreter unterschiedlicher Disziplinen - aus Geschichte, Philologie, Orientalistik, Religionswissenschaft und Theologie - spüren der vielfältigen Bedeutung der oft "heilig" genannten Schriften für Bildung und Erziehung nach. Sie beleuchten die Rolle, die diese Texte für Lehre und Lernen in ihren Ursprungskulturen hatten und haben. Darüber hinaus zeigen sie interkulturelle Bezüge auf, die heute für Diskussionen um Bildung und Religion in den multikulturellen Demokratien Europas höchst relevant sind.

Taking account of a wide range of literary evidence and the most recent scholarship on the nature of education in Rabbinic Judaism of late antiquity, these studies examine new and varied aspects of the scriptural and intellectual infrastructure of the educational ethos, the tension between oral tradition and literary practice, and the central role of the rabbinic sage as pedagogical innovator and model. They also study the underlying influence of social and economic factors, the evolution of teaching techniques and frameworks, and the formative role of both midrashic mentality and mythopoetic currents. With an eye on the broader contexts of Greco-Roman culture and emergent Christianity, these essays follow the development of rabbinic ideas and institutions from the first centuries of the Common Era in Palestine through the flowering of centers of learning centuries later in Babylonia.

The present volume contains the proceedings of a conference held in October 2018 at Humboldt University Berlin. The articles reflect the different categories of describing Judaism of the Second Temple Period in view of their sustainability in characterising an ancient religious community in different historical situations and discuss relevant (re)constructions of ancient Judaism in the history of scholarship. Since the Persian period, ancient Judaism existed in a world which was in constant flux regarding its political, social, and religious contexts. Consequently, Judaism was subject to permanent processes of change in its self-perception as well as its external perception. In all complexity, however, the Torah, the Temple(s) as a place where heaven meets the earth, and the 'holy' or 'promised' land as the dwelling place of God's people can be regarded as institutions to which all kinds of Judaism in the Babylonian and Egyptian dispora as well in Israel/Palestine were related in some way or another.

Die Septuaginta ist ein thematisch weit gefächertes Corpus einer Vielfalt an Übersetzungen und eigenständiger Schriften. In den Beiträgen des vorliegenden Bandes werden zentrale Themen der Septuaginta-Schriften ebenso behandelt wie einzelne Manuskripte und Grundfragen der Septuagintaforschung. Darüber hinaus werden Linien der Rezeptionsgeschichte ausgezogen.

Research on the Book of Jeremiah has gained momentum in the past forty years and led to new results. The differences between the MT and the LXX have received more attention than ever. The extent of Deuteronomistic thinking and of redactions marks the debate on the composition of the book. It has become evident that the Book of Jeremiah intensively picks up earlier sources and offers a synthesis of them, comparable to a mosaic. It concentrates on the downfall of Jerusalem, conceives anew the prophet's role in the figure of Jeremiah and portrays the biblical God in a unique way. This collection of studies by Georg Fischer from the past ten years imparts insights into the recent discussions about the Book of Jeremiah.

Scholarly interest in intersections between Jews and Syriac Christians has experienced a boom in recent years. This is the result of a series of converging trends in the study of both groups and their cultural productions. The present volume contributes to this developing conversation by collecting sixteen studies that investigate a wide range of topics, from questions of origins to the development of communal boundaries, from social interactions to shared historical conditions, involving Jews and Syriac Christians over the first millennium CE. These studies not only reflect the current state of the question, but they also signal new ways forward for future work that crosses disciplinary boundaries between the fields of Jewish Studies and Syriac Studies, in some cases even dismantling those boundaries altogether.

How is Acts of the Apostles - its form and features - to be understood in light of the work's ancient Mediterranean cultural context? In the present study, Eric C. Moore offers a fresh response to this much-debated question, arguing for the utility of ancient colonization as an analytic lens for reading Acts, a story about the origins and replication of early Christianity. He explores how in narrating his account, Luke draws on a common stock of "foundation" motifs employed by ancient sources, textual and material alike, to glorify community beginnings.