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When I had read Charles Darwin's book 'On the Origin of Species,' it seemed to me that there was one mode, and that perhaps the most certain, of testing the correctness of the views developed in it, namely, to attempt apply them as specially as possible to some particular group of animals. such an attempt to establish a genealogical tree, whether for the families of a class, the genera of a large family, or for the species of an extensive genus, and to produce pictures as complete and intelligible as possible of the common ancestors of the various smaller and larger circles, might furnish a result in three different ways. 1. In the first place, Darwin's suppositions when thus applied might lead to irreconcilable and contradictory conclusions, from which the erroneousness of the suppositions might be inferred. If Darwin's opinions are false, it was to be expected that contradictions would accompany their detailed application at every step, and that these, by their cumulative force, would entirely destroy the suppositions from which they proceeded, even though the deductions derived from each particular case might possess little of the unconditional nature of mathematical proof.

The contrast between Individual Psychology and Social or Group Psychology, which at a first glance may seem to be full of significance, loses a great deal of its sharpness when it is examined more closely. It is true that Individual Psychology is concerned with the individual man and explores the paths by which he seeks to find satisfaction for his instincts; but only rarely and under certain exceptional conditions is Individual Psychology in a position to disregard the relations of this individual to others. In the individual's mental life someone else is invariably involved, as a model, as an object, as a helper, as an opponent, and so from the very first Individual Psychology is at the same time Social Psychology as well¿in this extended but entirely justifiable sense of the words. The relations of an individual to his parents and to his brothers and sisters, to the object of his love, and to his physician¿in fact all the relations which have hitherto been the chief subject of psycho-analytic research¿may claim to be considered as social phenomena; and in this respect they may be contrasted with certain other processes, described by us as 'narcissistic', in which the satisfaction of the instincts is partially or totally withdrawn from the influence of other people. The contrast between social and narcissistic¿Bleuler would perhaps call them 'autistic'¿mental acts therefore falls wholly within the domain of Individual Psychology, and is not well calculated to differentiate it from a Social or Group Psychology.

"Over fifty thousand people heard Elsie Lincoln Benedict at the City Auditorium during her six weeks lecture engagement in Milwaukee."¿Milwaukee Leader, April 2, 1921."Elsie Lincoln Benedict has a brilliant record. She is like a fresh breath of Colorado ozone. Her ideas are as stimulating as the health-giving breezes of the Rockies."¿New York Evening Mail, April 16, 1914."Several hundred people were turned away from the Masonic Temple last night where Elsie Lincoln Benedict, famous human analyst, spoke on 'How to Analyze People on Sight.' Asked how she could draw and hold a crowd of 3,000 for a lecture, she said: 'Because I talk on the one subject on earth in which every individual is most interested¿himself.'"¿Seattle Times, June 2, 1920."Elsie Lincoln Benedict is a woman who has studied deeply under genuine scientists and is demonstrating to thousands at the Auditorium each evening that she knows the connection between an individual's external characteristics and his inner traits."¿Minneapolis News, November 7, 1920."Elsie Lincoln Benedict is known nationally, having conducted lecture courses in many of the large Eastern cities. Her work is based upon the practical methods of modern science as worked out in the world's leading laboratories where exhaustive tests are applied to determine individual types, talents, vocational bents and possibilities."¿San Francisco Bulletin, January 25, 1919.

Every tissue is composed of two parts: the cellular elements and the intercellular substance. These are called cells and stroma. Upon the first of these depends the vitality and function of the part, while its density, shape and general physical properties are determined by the second. Likewise along the same lines of reason, all of our organs have two separate areas of tissue: theparenchymatous and the interstitial. The first contains the functioning and the second the supporting elements. The physical conditions of the interstitial tissue or the intercellular substance vary greatly in density. Blood is a tissue, the intercellular constituent of which is fluid, and as we consider more dense tissues, we encounter all degrees of density of the framework or intercellular substance, until with the additional presence of calcareous elements, we conceive the hardness of bone and dentine. Tissues as a whole, however, are not solid; there are spaces in the supporting structure to admit of the passage of arteries, veins, nerves, and lymphatics. Abnormal conditions arise in the various parts of the tissues. Certain diseases affect the parenchymatous tissue in an organ more than the interstitial tissue and again others affect the blood vessels particularly.

Pre-Darwinian Evolutionists¿Causes which led to the speedy triumph of the theory of Natural Selection¿Nature of the opposition which Darwin had to overcome¿Post-Darwinian biology¿Usually accepted classification of present-day biologists as Neo-Lamarckians and Neo-Darwinians is faulty¿Biologists fall into three classes rather than twöNeo-Lamarckism: its defects¿Wallaceism: its defects¿Neo-Darwinism distinguished from Neo-Lamarckism and Wallaceism¿Neo-Darwinism realises the strength and weakness of the theory of Natural Selection, recognises the complexity of the problems which biologists are endeavouring to solve. Darwinism and evolution are not interchangeable terms. On this fact it is impossible to lay too much emphasis. Charles Darwin was not the originator of the theory of evolution, nor even the first to advocate it in modern times. The idea that all existing things have been produced by natural causes from some primordial material is as old as Aristotle. It was lost sight of in the mental stagnation of the Middle Ages. In that dark period zoological science was completely submerged. It was not until men shook off the mental lethargy that had held them for many generations that serious attention was paid to biology. From the moment when men began to apply scientific methods to that branch of knowledge the idea of evolution found supporters.

In all the foregoing chapters we have been considering only the muscular engines of the human machine, counting them over and comparing their construction and their mechanism with those of the internal-combustion engine of a motor cycle. But of the levers or crankpins through which muscular engines exert their power we have said nothing hitherto. Nor shall we get any help by now spending time on the levers of a motor cycle. We have already confessed that they are arranged in a way which is quite different from that which we find in the human machine. In the motor cycle all the levers are of that complex kind which are called wheels, and the joints at which these levers work are also circular, for the joints of a motor cycle are the surfaces between the axle and the bushes, which have to be kept constantly oiled. No, we freely admit that the systems of levers in the human machine are quite unlike those of a motor cycle. They are more simple, and it is easy to find in our bodies examples of all the three orders of levers. The joints at which bony levers meet and move on each other are very different from those we find in motor cycles. Indeed, I must confess they are not nearly so simple. And, lastly, I must not forget to mention another difference. These levers we are going to study are living¿at least, are so densely inhabited by myriads of minute bone builders that we must speak of them as living. I want to lay emphasis on that fact because I did not insist enough on the living nature of muscular engines.

Pablo H. Vivanco zeichnet in dieser Publikation die Entwicklung des Liberalismus in der Habsburger-Monarchie über einen Zeitraum von zwei Dekaden aus politischer, kultureller und journalistischer Perspektive nach. Der berühmten These des "Versagens" des Wiener und europäischen Liberalismus und seiner Sublimierung in Kunst und Kultur der Jahrhundertwendezeit hält der Verfasser eine Differenzierung der politischen liberalen Öffentlichkeit in Wien entgegen, die sich frühzeitig und aus Anlass prägender Ereignissen von 1861 (Februar-Verfassung), 1867 ("Ausgleich") und 1873 (Börsenkrach) herausbildete und sich mit der ursprünglich breiten gesellschaftlichen Repräsentationskraft der 1848er Generation identifizierte. Konstitutionelle Tageszeitungen (z.B. "Neue Freie Presse", "Neues Wiener Tagblatt") bezogen in diesem Sinne auch Positionen gegen den politischen Katholizismus und aufziehenden deutschnationalistischen Antisemitismus. Liberale Presseorgane bilden somit, ebenso wie die publizistischen Beiträge des österreichisch-jüdischen Historikers, Journalisten und Politikers Heinrich Friedjung (1851-1920), Markierungspunkte in dieser neuen Geschichte liberaler Kultur und Öffentlichkeit in Wien, die durch den Transformationsprozess zu den demokratischen Massenparteien aus dem politischen Gedächtnis verdrängt wurde.

Discover the comforting allure of salt rising bread, a culinary gem from the heart of Appalachia, born from the ingenuity of pioneer women. This tale, set in 1880, unravels the mystique of this unique bread through the eyes of a young girl living on the fringe of a hollow. It's a journey into the rugged yet resilient spirit of a community amidst the ancient, weather-worn peaks. The narrative, steeped in rich folklore, culminates in a cherished recipe shared on the back page, inviting you to partake in a slice of Appalachian heritage, and savor the simplicity and mystery kneaded within salt rising bread.

Set in the year 1865, as the Civil War draws to a close, 1865 New York City Kid follows the story of 16-year-old Daniel Kelly. Born and raised in the slums of New York City, Daniel, known as 'Kid' among his friends, yearns for something beyond the monotonous life he's known. Working for the New York Tribune, like his late father before him, Daniel finds himself disillusioned, especially after a much-anticipated promotion eludes him. It's at this juncture that Daniel meets Big Tom, a fur trapper, who persuades him to leave the familiar streets of New York for the wilds of the Washington Territory. The prospect of becoming a fur trapper and the lure of a new life is too enticing to ignore. Thus begins Daniel's remarkable journey, chronicled through his own eyes, as he travels by train and stagecoach in search of a better future.1865 New York City Kid is a tapestry of fact and fiction, weaving historical elements with the imaginative realm of storytelling. The novel delves into the essence of the American West, a place where the line between truth and myth often blurs, giving rise to folklore and legends. This narrative, presented as Daniel's daily accounts, offers a unique glimpse into a pivotal era in American history, through the eyes of a young man at the threshold of adulthood, adventure, and the unknown.

Apocalypse: "The complete and final destruction of the world, as described in the biblical book of Revelation."Christ's Second Coming motivates several characters during the Civil War battle of Fredericksburg. They assume the bloodbath of December, 1862, is the biblical Armageddon, and that Confederate General Stonewall Jackson will be revealed as Christ come again. The Apocalypse also figures in 2nd Century Asia Minor, where a certain Montanus believes he is the incarnation of God the Father, and that his two female disciples form a new Trinity, who will orchestrate the world's end. The eras unite first by a magical talisman, which is thought to have healing, resurrecting, and prophetic properties; and second, by a demonic girl who first appears on the battlefield. In the novel, the word 'Apocalypse' also connotes radical, psychological shifts: A slave rejects his paradoxical thought world by escaping North in a railroad crate, having spent his early years raised by a white mother, the wife of a plantation owner, while 'playing' the slave fully when he is auctioned to a new master as an adolescent. Reality upends as a doubting Protestant cleric-grief stricken at the loss of his young daughter-embraces revenge. A prim, finishing school mistress willingly enters the dark realm of a murderous stranger, rejecting her past for a sudden and seemingly inexplicable romance. A street preacher abandons his apocalyptic obsession for one greater: a young, black woman he spots on an auction block in Richmond and madly pursues-a passion which, in the end, offers purpose and hope.The novel follows the medieval poet Dante Alighieri's (1265-1321) tripartite division of his "Divine Comedy": Volume 1 represents 'The Inferno'-the battle of Fredericksburg and its immediate aftermath. Volume 2 contains 'Purgatorio' and 'Paradiso'-walking through desolation in the former and attaining heaven in the latter. The novel subverts the poet, however, suggesting that hell and heaven confront us fully in this life. Dante's paramour, Beatrice, who he barely knew, plays out in several love sequences, suggesting that love is most powerful when it is immediate and irrational.

Experience the raw intensity of battle through the eyes of young soldier Henry Fleming in Stephen Crane's The Red Badge of Courage. This timeless classic explores themes of fear, bravery and the harsh realities of war, immersing readers in the gripping psychological journey of one many's quest for courage amidst chaos.

The Locket Legacy takes place in England, where the Dunbar family resided. Tyler Dunbar then moved to the American Colonies, where Tyler and his friend from England, Sam Jenkins, started both a new business and also started a new church.Through the following generations, the locket was reformed into a wedding ring, which was passed down to the next generation.The Locket Legacy is a tale about the various generations of the Dunbar family.

Certain organic compounds, among them albumen, are neither soluble, despite their great affinity for water, nor are they fusible, and hence are produced in the micellar form. These compounds are formed in water, where the molecules that arise immediately adjoining each other arrange themselves into incipient crystals, or micellæ. Only such of the molecules as are formed subsequently and come in contact with a micella contribute to its increase in size, while the others, on account of their insolubility, produce new micellæ. For this reason the micellæ remain so small that they are invisible, even with the microscope. On account of their great affinity for water the micellæ surround themselves with a thick film of it. The attraction of these micellæ for matter of their own kind is felt outside this film. Hence the micellæ with their films unite themselves into solid masses permeated with water, unless other forces overcome attraction and re-establish a micellar solution (as in albumen, glue, gum), where the slightly moving micellæ show a tendency to cling together in chain-like and other aggregations. Very often there are found, especially in albumen, half liquid modifications intermediate in fluidity between the solid masses and the micellar solution.

At a meeting of the Rochester Ladies¿ Anti-Slavery Society on July 5th, 1852, Frederick Douglass, a writer and orator who escaped from slavery, gave a speech that would go down in history. What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July? is an impassioned cry for freedom, exposing the emptiness of democratic ideals in a nation built by slaves.

Wanted: Governess for duke's unruly children Edgar Rochester, Duke of Banksford, is one of the wealthiest, most powerful men in England, but when it comes to raising twins alone, he knows he needs help. The only problem is the children have terrorized half the governesses in London. Until the clever, bold, and far-too-enticing Miss Mari Perkins arrives.Lost: One heart to an arrogant duke Mari knows how to wrap even the most rebellious children around her finger. But their demanding, wickedly handsome father? He won't be quite so easy to control. And there's something else she can't seem to command. Her heart. The foolish thing beats so wildly every time Edgar is near.Found: A forbidden passion neither can deny As his employee, Mari is strictly off-limits. But what if she's the one breaking all his rules? In the game of governess versus duke, how can Edgar maintain his defenses when the only thing he wants to do is let the tempting beauty win . . . ?

The sheltered daughter of a country baron, Miss Adeline Pimm comes to London looking for adventure . . . and finds it in the form of a bloody, unconscious man slumped in the doorway of her family's rented townhouse. Though his identity is a mystery, Adeline is inexplicably drawn to the handsome, injured man and vows to nurse him back to health.Liam Cavanaugh, the scandalous Earl of Wolford, is startled when he awakens in an unfamiliar bed, wrapped in bandages that hinder his eyesight, with no memory of why he was beaten half to death. Although he can't see the witty young woman who tends to his wounds, her alluring voice?and a single stolen kiss from her soft lips?helps to soothe his pain. But when he is fully healed, Liam is not ready to let go of the one woman who stirs his deepest longings. Liam will do whatever it takes to see Adeline again, even if it means giving up his rakish ways. But his disreputable past is not so easily forgotten and his secrets are far more dangerous than he?or Adeline?ever imagined.

She lives for passion.Bold, impulsive, and a magnet for trouble, Juliana Fiori is no simpering English miss. She refuses to play by society's rules: she speaks her mind, cares nothing for the approval of the ton, and can throw a punch with remarkable accuracy. Her scandalous nature makes her a favorite subject of London's most practiced gossips . . . and precisely the kind of woman The Duke of Leighton wants far far away from him.He swears by reputation.Scandal is the last thing Simon Pearson has room for in his well-ordered world. The Duke of Disdain is too focused on keeping his title untainted and his secrets unknown. But when he discovers Juliana hiding in his carriage late one evening?risking everything he holds dear?he swears to teach the reckless beauty a lesson in propriety. She has other plans, however; she wants two weeks to prove that even an unflappable duke is not above passion.

To restore family honor the Marquess of Rotherstone faces his most dangerous mission?finding the perfect bride . . .To London's aristocracy, the Inferno Club is a scandalous society of men no proper young lady would acknowledge. But though they are publicly notorious for pursuing all manner of debauchery, in private they are warriors who would do anything to protect king and country. The Marquess of Rotherstone has decided it's time to restore the family's good name. But as a member of the Inferno Club, he knows there is only one way to redeem himself in Society's eyes: marry a lady of impeccable beauty and breeding, whose reputation is, above all, spotless.Someone quite unlike Daphne Starling. True, she's temptingly lovely, but a jilted suitor has nearly ruined her reputation. Still, Max cannot resist her allure?or the challenge of proving London's gossips wrong. He would do anything to win her hand . . . and show that even a wicked marquess can make a perfect husband.

""A History Of The Ninth Regiment, Illinois Volunteer Infantry"" is a historical book written by Marion Morrison in 1864. The book is a detailed account of the Ninth Regiment's experiences during the American Civil War. Morrison was a member of the Ninth Regiment and served as its chaplain, which gave him a unique perspective on the events that took place. The book covers the regiment's formation, training, and participation in various battles, including the Battle of Fort Donelson and the Battle of Shiloh. It also includes firsthand accounts of the soldiers' experiences, including their struggles with disease and the harsh conditions they faced on the battlefield. The book is an important historical document that provides insight into the experiences of soldiers during the Civil War and the impact of the war on the country. It is a valuable resource for historians, Civil War enthusiasts, and anyone interested in learning more about this important period in American history.This scarce antiquarian book is a facsimile reprint of the old original and may contain some imperfections such as library marks and notations. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment for protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature in affordable, high quality, modern editions, that are true to their original work.

Three spectacular stories all set on New Year′s Eve. First, Stephanie Laurens enthralls us with a New Year′s scandal, when a rake awakens in the bed of the temptress who seduced him years before. Then, Victoria Alexander enchants with her tale of a love promised, then foiled and then rekindled on another midnight. And Rachel Gibson delights with the reunion of two estranged friends and the passionate sparks that fly when the clock strikes twelve.

The progressive development of man is vitally dependent on invention. It is the most important product of his creative brain. Its ultimate purpose is the complete mastery of mind over the material world, the harnessing of the forces of nature to human needs. This is the difficult task of the inventor who is often misunderstood and unrewarded. But he finds ample compensation in the pleasing exercises of his powers and in the knowledge of being one of that exceptionally privileged class without whom the race would have long ago perished in the bitter struggle against pitiless elements. Speaking for myself, I have already had more than my full measure of this exquisite enjoyment, so much that for many years my life was little short of continuous rapture. I am credited with being one of the hardest workers and perhaps I am, if thought is the equivalent of labor, for I have devoted to it almost all of my waking hours. But if work is interpreted to be a definite performance in a specified time according to a rigid rule, then I may be the worst of idlers. Every effort under compulsion demands a sacrifice of life-energy. I never paid such a price. On the contrary, I have thrived on my thoughts.

Written partly in response to Social Darwinism and in particular to Thomas H. Huxley's nineteenth-century essay, "The Struggle for Existence," Kropotkin's book drew on his experiences in scientific expeditions in Siberia to illustrate the phenomenon of cooperation. After examining the evidence of cooperation in nonhuman animals, pre-feudal societies, in medieval cities, and in modern times, he concludes that cooperation and mutual aid are the most important factors in the evolution of the species and the ability to survive.

"Old-Time Makers of Medicine" is a book written by James J. Walsh. James Joseph Walsh (1865¿1942) was an American physician, historian, and author known for his works in the history of medicine and science.Published in 1911, "Old-Time Makers of Medicine" likely explores the lives and contributions of influential figures in the history of medicine. The book could feature biographical sketches and narratives about notable physicians, surgeons, and medical thinkers from earlier periods.If you have an interest in the history of medicine and want to learn about the individuals who played significant roles in shaping the field, "Old-Time Makers of Medicine" by James J. Walsh might provide valuable insights into the lives and contributions of key figures in the development of medical knowledge and practices.

"Mr. Spaceship" is a science fiction short story by American writer Philip K. Dick, first published in Imagination in January 1953, and later in The Collected Stories of Philip K. Dick. The story is set in the distant future, where humanity is at war with "Yuks", an alien life form which does not use mechanical spaceships nor constructions but instead relies on life forms to power their technology. The war has been going on for a long time and humanity has not been able to come up with a solution against the life-form based ships and mines that the Yuks use. One day a team of researchers led by Philip Kramer decide to build a spaceship which is powered by a human brain and they find the ideal candidate in Kramer's old professor, a dying man who volunteers to donate his brain to the project.