Miljøvenlig arkitektur og design

This collection of essays sheds light on repair as a disposition to material culture and a practice rooted in diverse sociocultural experiences. It provides an in-depth exploration of how repair manifests itself through the different lenses of governance, grassroots activism, transformative design and community-led initiatives. Most importantly, the chapters demonstrate how place-based approaches can reveal blueprints for social impact in circumstances of growing environmental and social precariousness.

Dies ist kein Buch über erschreckende Zahlen. Dies ist ein Buch voller Geschichten über die Vergangenheit, Gegenwart und Zukunft, die Einblicke geben, wie wir unsere Welt gestaltet haben und gestalten können. Einfach, indem wir Entscheidungen treffen. Und hier kommt die To-Don't-List-Methode ins Spiel:Es gibt viele Herausforderungen, vor denen wir als Menschheit stehen. Aber wenn man sich einen klaren Überblick verschafft, wird es einfacher, zu verstehen und Lösungen zu finden. Und das ist es, was kreative Menschen gut können. Und die gute Nachricht ist, dass wir in den meisten Fällen nichts hinzufügen müssen, sondern Dinge subtrahieren können. Lassen Sie Dinge weg. Retten Sie die Welt, indem Sie nichts tun!

In einer Zeit, in der der Klimawandel und Ressourcenknappheit die Architektur und Städteplanung zu einerradikalen Neuausrichtung zwingen, gibt dieses Buch tiefgehende Einblicke in die Zukunft des nachhaltigenBauens. Das renommierte Architektur- und Ingenieurbüro SSP, das seit seiner Gründung im Jahr 1977 Vorreiter für innovative und verantwortungsbewusste Architektur ist, präsentiert in diesem Buch seine bahnbrechenden Ansätze und Strategien unter dem Label »GreytoGreen®«, dass für nachhaltiges Planen und Bauen mit ökologischem Fokus steht.Hier sind 53 Projekte versammelt, die nicht nur in der Planung, sondern auch in der Umsetzung zukunftsorientierter ökologischer Konzepte eine führende Rolle spielen. Von der Steigerung der Klimaresilienz bis zur Förderung der Biodiversität bietet dieses Buch einen umfassenden Einblick in die Umsetzung der Ziele ökologischer Nachhaltigkeit von SSP. Bei den ausgewählten Projekten stehen die Bestandserhaltung, Transformation und Weiterentwicklung bestehender Gebäude und Quartiere nach dem Prinzip "Die doppelte Chance. - Der beste Baustoff ist der Bestand." im Vordergrund, da hier der größte Effekt für die ökologische Bilanz erzielt werden kann. Drei Schlüsselprinzipien der Nachhaltigkeit - Suffizienz, Effizienz und Konsistenz - werden dabei konsequent angewendet.At a time when climate change and resource scarcity are forcing a radical rethink of architecture and urbanplanning, this book provides in-depth insights into the future of sustainable building. The renowned architecture and engineering firm SSP, a pioneer of innovative and responsible architecture since its establishment in 1977, presents its groundbreaking approaches and strategies under the »GreytoGreen®« label, which stands for sustainable design and construction with an ecological focus.The book features 53 projects that are leading the way, not only in terms of planning, but also in the implementation of forward-looking ecological designs. From increasing climate resilience to promoting biodiversity, this book provides a comprehensive insight into the realisation of SSP's environmental sustainability goals. The selected projects focus on the preservation, transformation and development of existing buildings and quarters under the premise »The double opportunity - building stock is the best building material«, as this is where the greatest impact in terms of environmental footprint can be achieved. Three key principles of sustainability - sufficiency, efficiency and consistency - are applied consistently.

One of the key motivations and goals for China's social and economic development is the dual carbon target. Building is one of the most important sectors to reduce emissions and save energy, accounting for more than 20% of China's primary energy consumption and carbon emissions. This book analyzes the energy consumption of China's buildings sector in four categories, their characteristics and technologies to improve energy efficiency, and examines the greenhouse gas emissions of China's buildings, including building construction embodied emission and building operation emissions. In particular, this book discusses the ways to achieve carbon neutrality targets for China's public and commercial building sectors. This book also analyzes the energy mix, energy intensity, and technological prospects for achieving energy and carbon targets in the public and commercial building sectors. This book contains a large amount of survey data, monitoring data, and case studies. The debate on technologies and policies is underpinned by a variety of evidence and research that has been ongoing for more than a decade. The information, data, and policy recommendations will be of interest to a national and international audience working in the fields of energy, climate change, engineering, and building science.

Climate change and environmental challenges are some of the most pressing challenges facing the world today. To address these challenges, we need to develop new and innovative technologies. These technologies will help us protect the planet and provide a healthy and sustainable world for future generations.Examples of Innovative TechnologiesA variety of innovative technologies are being developed to address climate change and environmental challenges. Some examples include:· Energy efficiency: It is important to find more efficient ways to generate and use energy. This can be done by focusing on renewable energy sources, such as solar, wind, and hydroelectric power.· Clean transportation: We need to find new ways to reduce emissions from transportation. This can be done by developing cleaner forms of transportation, such as electric cars, buses, and trains.· Sustainable resource management: We need to manage natural resources more efficiently and sustainably. This can be done by reducing deforestation, recycling and reusing resources, and reducing waste.Promoting the Development of Innovative TechnologiesGovernments, businesses, and society need to work together to promote the development of innovative technologies to address climate change and environmental challenges.Specific ActionsHere are some specific actions that governments, businesses, and society can take to promote the development of innovative technologies:· Invest in research and development: Governments can provide funding for research and development of innovative technologies.· Create incentives for innovation: Businesses can create incentives for innovation, such as tax breaks or subsidies.· Educate the public: Society can educate the public about the importance of innovative technologies and how they can help address climate change and environmental challenges

Architectural Interior Lighting is an essential guide to creating well-lit, visually appealing interior spaces. The book begins with an overview of light and color theory, lighting fundamentals, and design principles. It then covers artificial, natural, decorative, and professional lighting in interior design, as well as standards and regulations, controls and systems, sustainable lighting, energy efficiency, light pollution reduction, and the use of environmentally friendly materials. With a focus on practical applications and real-world examples, this book provides readers with the tools and knowledge necessary to achieve their design goals while considering the latest trends and techniques in the field. A valuable resource for professionals and students in architecture and lighting design, it will also appeal to anyone interested in creating visually stunning and functional interior spaces.

This book introduces a ten-year-long design research project in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD), China, based on international cooperation studios, design workshops, a Ph.D. thesis, and concrete practice in China, Germany, and the Netherlands. This research adapts the existing methods of Landscape Character Assessment (UK), Historic Cultural Landscape Elements (Germany), and Dutch Polder Typology to mapping, describing, and classifying landscape character areas and types at the three scales of regional, municipal, and local. Furthermore, to connect research with design, we developed a typological approach of generating specific measures for the networked polder landscape. This research bridges the gap of a missing landscape characterization method for the conservation, transformation, and critical reconstruction of historic cultural landscapes in a metropolitan context. The book is intended for graduate students, researchers, and practitioners interested in the topics of cultural landscape in transition, methods for landscape characterization and typology, and a research-by-design approach in interdisciplinary projects of landscape architecture, urbanism, and regional planning.

Biofuels are a type of renewable energy derived from organic materials, including plants, algae, and animal waste. They are considered an essential alternative to fossil fuels due to their lower carbon emissions and potential for reducing greenhouse gases. In recent years, biofuels have gained significant attention as a sustainable energy source, offering a viable solution to the global energy crisis and addressing environmental concerns.The importance of biofuels lies in their potential to reduce dependence on fossil fuels, which are finite resources and major contributors to climate change. Unlike traditional fuels, biofuels can be produced from a wide range of organic materials, making them more versatile and accessible. By harnessing the power of nature, biofuels offer a sustainable option for meeting the growing energy demands of the world.One of the primary benefits of biofuels is their ability to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. When burned, biofuels release carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere, but they absorb an equal amount of CO2 during their growth, resulting in a carbon-neutral cycle. This is in contrast to fossil fuels, which release large amounts of CO2 that have been sequestered for millions of years, leading to a net increase in greenhouse gases.Additionally, biofuels play a crucial role in mitigating air pollution and promoting cleaner air quality. They produce significantly lower levels of harmful pollutants, such as sulfur oxides and particulate matter, which are major contributors to respiratory diseases and environmental degradation. By adopting biofuels as an alternative to conventional fuels, we can improve the air quality in urban areas and reduce the health risks associated with pollution.Biofuels also offer economic benefits by promoting rural development and creating new job opportunities. The production of biofuels often involves agricultural activities, which can stimulate economic growth in rural areas and provide a sustainable income for farmers. Furthermore, investing in biofuel technologies and infrastructure can drive innovation and create a green economy, fostering a transition towards a more sustainable future.

The book explores the advanced façade systems according to the productive and constructive contents, in a cognitive and operative form, as a manual text to provide guidelines for researchers, technicians and professionals. It provides operational guidance for the technological design, production planning and site executive coordination for the realization of façade systems. The analysis deals with the main building elements and technical interfaces. The study of the façade systems, after explaining the anchoring structures and their connections to the load-bearing elements, investigates the criteria for the assembly between the framings. In particular, the book examines the technical interfaces of the main advanced envelope systems with respect to the functional, constructive and applicative coordination procedures of the mullions and transoms framing, of the structural sealant glazing façade system, of the unit façade system, of the suspended façade system and of the double skin façade system. The technical and manual character of the book is also expressed through the analysis of the functional and application procedures of the gaskets with respect to the façade systems in order to prevent the transmission of air and water loads: the analysis focuses on the connections between the framing and the enclosure elements of the envelope, in accordance with the compensation of height differences in order to guarantee impermeability, airtightness and insulation. Then, the book describes the assembly and interface conditions between elements of different composition and production within the façade systems: the examination of the technical interfaces involves the development and application of sealants, based on the loads exerted on the jointing devices, in order to fulfill the requirements of sealing and tightness with respect to mechanical, thermal and hygrometric, water, air and wind stresses. Moreover, the study of the envelope systems examines the methodologies directed toward fulfilling the requirements with respect to the actions caused by fire loads, considering the contents related to both components and connections and fixing surfaces.

This is the first book focused on City Information Modelling (CIM) that puts together a collection of recent studies related to concepts and trends in CIM, application and digitization processes/methods, and frameworks and practices of CIM. This emerging topic is important to various research and practice under sectors of the built environment, civil engineering, urban planning, urban design, and urban management. CIM aligns well with smart cities, data-driven urban analytics and optimization, information-based city planning, and future development paradigms. City Information Modelling provides global case study examples in three parts. At first, the contributors offer several examples of ¿Concepts and Trends¿, where CIM is explored further in urban management, urban sustainability, and big data studies. In the second part, the book offers various examples of application and digitization processes or methods related to urban planning and design practices. In the third part, the contributors delve into several examples of CIM frameworks and practices critical to contemporary research, planning and design paradigms, and future practices. This collection is a niche resource for various stakeholders, particularly urban scientists, urban analytics, urban practitioners, and researchers. It will also be a valuable collection for those who work with information-based models, urban optimization models, and big data analytics, particularly from policy and practice perspectives. The findings of this collection help direct future research in CIM and suggest opportunities for big-data urban research, integrated urban models, and holistic frameworks in sustainable cities, smart cities, and future cities.

This book examines green transition and circular economy in the fields of building design and Real Estate management. By outlining windows for seizing the opportunity to integrate circular approaches in current building practices, the book provides information tools to support building stakeholders (e.g. building designer and managers, manufacturers, Real Estate owners, maintenance operators, facility managers, etc.) in: (i) understanding circular re-strategies (e.g. reuse, remanufacturing, repurposing, etc.), the related requirements and the pre-conditions for their implementation within building design and management practices; (ii) reviewing design approaches at the product and building scale, also highlighting new circularity-related contents for the Briefing Documents; (iii) developing circular organizational and contract models for the procurement of Facility Management services, also integrating new circularity-related contents in Invitations to Tenders (ITTs); and (iv) assessing the quality and the effectiveness of circular practices, also highlighting circularity performance metrics and indicators in the context of corporate sustainability reporting.

This book explores membrane materials as a means of translating natural and renewable resources into a more flexible, dynamic, and reactive architectural skin. It represents the first time that energy-saving design has been addressed systematically in relation to lightweight building systems and tensile membranes. Understanding of the energetic behavior of membranes and foils used as a building envelope is a fundamental theme, as it is the integration of flexible photovoltaics in membranes, as well as the exploitation of water and wind resources. A theoretical, methodological framework for consciously designing the membrane life cycle is presented. The authors cross-cut and combine exploration of climate-based design methodology and life cycle thinking strategies. Both active and passive systems are investigated, referring to alternative productive resources like sun, wind, and water. Case studies are brought forward in the book's second half, highlighting energy lightness for an increasingly dematerialized architecture and addressing inherent issues. Four main research and development paths are presented, the first two focusing on advancements in facade materials and Photovoltaic systems applicable to membrane architecture, the third referring to fog and dew harvesting and the fourth dealing with the future frontier of flexible transparency and designs for well-being through a passive solar system.

This book comprehensively describes the operating principles and theoretical foundations of solar chimneys. It covers current research results, including numerical analysis and mathematical models based on different assumptions. Complying with the application of renewable energy in sustainable buildings, solar chimney has received extensive attention as an indispensable part natural ventilation. This book is a guide to the application of solar chimneys from single zones to multi zones, and it provides a reference source of application for construction practitioners and engineering decision-makers. The design basis and the related basic principles of fluid mechanics and natural ventilation design strategies introduced in this book will also be beneficial to college students.

This book presents select proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Advances in Civil and Ecological Engineering Research (ACEER 2022). The book covers a wide range of topics, including construction engineering and management hydraulic and hydrologic engineering, air quality and atmospheric pollution, ecological risk assessment and management, restoration and protection of environment, water pollution and treatment, and water recourses engineering. This book also covers state-of-the-art technologies in building sustainable city, resilient buildings, and sustainable issues in relating to civil engineering. It will be useful for researchers and engineers working in the field of civil and ecological engineering.

Current planning and design modes of dwellings and neighbourhoods are facing challenges of both philosophy and form. Past approaches no longer sustain new demands and require innovative thinking. The need for a new outlook is propelled by fundamental changes that touch upon environmental, economic and social aspects.The depletion of non-renewable natural resources, elevated levels of greenhouse gas emissions and climate change are a few of the environmental challenges that force designers to reconsider conceptual approaches in favour of ones that promote a better suitability between communities and nature. Consideration of overall planning concepts that minimize the development's carbon footprint, district heating, passive solar gain, net-zero residences and preserving the site's natural assets are some of the contemporary strategies that architects, planners and builders are integrating into their thought process and residential design practice.Increasing costs of material, labour, land and infrastructure have posed economic challenges with affordability being paramount among them. The need to do with less brings about concepts that include denser places, adaptable and expandable dwellings, and smaller-sized yet quality designed housing. Also, the need to reduce utility costs gave rise to better insulation, which benefits both the environment and the occupant.Social challenges are also drawing the attention of designers, builders and homeowners. As the "e;baby-boom"e; generation plans for retirement, housing an elderly population will take priority. Walkable communities, ageing in place and multigenerational living are some of the concepts considered. In addition, live-work environments have become part of the economic reality for those who wish to work from home - which has become possible through digital advances.The need to think innovatively about neighbourhoods led to the idea to write this book. The intention is to offer information on contemporary community design concepts and illustrate them with outstanding international examples.

In today's world, waste management has become a pressing issue that affects every aspect of our lives. From the pollution of our air and water to the depletion of natural resources, the way we handle waste has a significant impact on the environment. As students and future environmentalists, it is crucial for us to understand the importance of waste management and take action to reduce household air pollution.Firstly, waste management plays a vital role in protecting our environment and preserving natural resources. When waste is not properly managed, it leads to the indiscriminate dumping of trash, which can contaminate soil, water sources, and even the air we breathe. This pollution harms ecosystems, disrupts wildlife habitats, and poses a threat to human health. By implementing effective waste management practices, such as recycling and proper disposal, we can minimize these negative impacts and conserve valuable resources for future generations.Furthermore, waste management is essential in reducing household air pollution. Many of the items we discard, such as plastics, electronic devices, and household chemicals, contain harmful substances that, when burned or improperly disposed of, release toxic fumes into the air. These fumes contribute to air pollution, which has severe health consequences, including respiratory problems, cardiovascular diseases, and even cancer. By adopting responsible waste management habits, such as recycling and using eco-friendly products, we can significantly decrease household air pollution and create a healthier living environment.In addition to protecting the environment and our health, waste management also offers economic benefits. Proper waste management practices, such as recycling and composting, can create new job opportunities and stimulate economic growth. Recycling industries provide employment and contribute to the development of a sustainable economy. By actively participating in waste management initiatives, we can contribute to the creation of a greener and more prosperous future.As students, we have the power to make a difference in waste management. By educating ourselves about the importance of waste management, we can raise awareness among our peers and inspire change. We can actively participate in recycling programs, reduce our consumption of single-use items, and encourage others to do the same. Through collective action, we can create a recycling revolution that transforms our communities and helps in the fight against household air pollution.

This book provides new information to understand the relationship between urban development and environmental change to the reader. How to create a sustainable and livable urban environment and realize the sustainable development goals (SDGs) of the United Nations (UN) is one of the biggest challenges in this century, even in the next centuries. The covered subject areas of this book aim at finding a way to push SDGs forward by collecting the related knowledge between urban development and its environmental implication. Specifically, the book focuses on UN SDGs 9 (industry, innovation and infrastructure), 11 (sustainable cities and communities), and 13 (climate action). Regarding the SDGs 9, this book assesses urban population mobility, urban ecosystem services, and green infrastructure to address climate change in cities. Regarding the SDGs 11, this book explores the sustainability of urban landscape change associated with urbanization based on a multi-scale perspective. Regarding the SDGs 13, this book explores the issues affecting the development of healthy cities in the context of climate change and possible ways to address them.This book focuses on newer fields related to various forms of urbanization and urban climate. Under different urbanization and development scenarios, the city and built environment are facing new challenges and become a major concern. Better understandings of related physical laws and sustainable technologies are badly needed. This book is a good reference to urban planners, city officials, citizens who are concerned about the city environment, and policymakers, as well as students studying urban structure and environment.

This book is a second volume and contains selected papers presented at Second International Symposium on Sustainable Energy and Technological Advancements (ISSETA 2023), organized by the Department of Electrical Engineering, NIT Meghalaya, Shillong, India, during 24 ¿ 25 February 2023. The topics covered in the book are the cutting-edge research involved in sustainable energy technologies, smart buildingtechnology, integration and application of multiple energy sources; advanced power converter topologies and their modulation techniques; and information and communication technologies for smart microgrids.

Regenerative kulturer tager udgangspunkt i økologisk design og værner om og dyrker biokulturel overflod til fordel for menneskehedens fremtidige generationer. De er i stand til vedvarende at lære og transformere sig som reaktion – og forberedelse – på uundgåelige forandringer. En regenerativ kultur opstår ved, at vi både individuelt og kollektivt finder frem til og udlever nye måder at relatere til os selv, samfundet og livet som helhed på i stedet for at gentage usunde adfærdsmønstre og tænkemåder, der ikke længere tjener os. Daniel Christian Wahl giver i bogen en vidtfavnende analyse af, hvad der er galt med vores samfund, organisationer, ideologier, verdenssyn og kulturer – og hvordan man kan rette op herpå. Bogen dækker områder som landbrug, design, økologi, økonomi, bæredygtighed, organisationer og samfundet som helhed. Han mener, at vi skal redesigne det finansielle og økonomiske system på alle skalaer – fra lokal til regional til global – hvis vi skal gøre det muligt for transformativ innovation at udfolde sit kreative potentiale, Men den mest grundlæggende transformation handler om at stille kritiske spørgsmål ved vores måde at tænke på, vores verdenssyn og vores værdisystem. Og den skal ske, inden vi går i gang med at ”redesigne den menneskelige tilstedeværelse på Jorden”. Det er ikke muligt for menneskeheden at slukke lyset, forlade lokalet og begynde forfra i et nyt lokale, der byder på større potentiale. Vi har kun én planet at bo på. Bæredygtighed og regenerative kulturer er ifølge Daniel Christian Wahl ikke slutpunkter, der skal nås, men vedvarende processer af kollektiv læring. Vi skal bevæge os fra ”mere er bedre” til ”bedre er bedre”. Bogen er en invitation til samtale og en opfordring til at leve de livgivende spørgsmål dybere. Den stiller mange spørgsmål, og der, hvor den foreslår svar og løsninger, skal vi forstå dem som opfordringer til at spørge til deres relevans i forbindelse med overgangen til regenerative kulturer. "Denne bog er et værdifuldt bidrag til den vigtige diskussion af det verdenssyn og det værdisystem, vi har brug for for at redesigne vores virksomheder, økonomier og teknologier – faktisk hele vores kultur – for at gøre dem regenerative snarere end destruktive." - Fritjof Capra, forfatter til Liv. System. Helhed.

Countering the phenomenon of sprawl in the often anonymous or chaotic urban periphery, the Oassis neighborhood in Lausanne takes a unique approach based on urbanity and hybridization. Located on a former industrial wasteland in the west of the city, Oassis reflects the compositional principles of the traditional city, while also engaging in the dynamics of ecological transition and climate resilience. This 'urban fragment' is both an urban fabric, compatible with future developments in the neighborhood, and an architectural object characterized by urbanity. The contemporary challenges of regenerating suburban areas are addressed here through diverse development programs and a profusion of gardens. Skilful combination of economic, ecological and social factors with high-quality architecture With unpublished documents and specially commissioned photographs Follow-up to the volume Ecoparc Quarter by Bauart Architects

What if urban planning and design were to prioritize rather than merely accommodate the unbuilt environment? Territorial Urbanism Now! calls for a paradigm shift in the conception of urban transformation. It urges us to favor sustainable systems in order to collectively tackle the challenges of climate change. Until now, urban planning and design professionals have integrated green and active mobility systems in the residual spaces available. In the reverse approach envisioned here, these systems become structuring elements of the territory, supported by a much more frugal built environment. The contributions by urbanists, artists, architects, and landscape architects in this publication come from research, practice, and teaching. Paola Viganò, Eric Luiten, Eva Pfannes, Stefan Rettich, Susanne Eliasson, Davide Curatola, Tommaso Pietropolli, Elena Andonova, Julio de la Fuente, Ward Verbakel, Beatrice Galimberti, Lilli Licka, Hannes Gröblbacher, Johannes Bernsteiner, Stefan Devoldere, Sandra Guinand, and Stefan Bendiks not only introduce a much-needed paradigm shift, but also show us the premises for its realization.

Verbessern Pflanzen das Stadtklima? Wie kann Grün in der Architektur die urbane Hitzebildung reduzieren, die Feinstaubbildung vermindern, den städtischen Lärmpegel senken und das Wohlbefinden der Menschen steigern? Das Handbuch zum Gebäudegrün richtet sich an die Bürgerschaft ebenso wie an Architekten und Bauherrn. Es liefert Antworten auf die am häufigsten gestellten Fragen - von der Bestandsbegrünung bis zur Neubaubegrünung, von Einsparungen durch Gebäudegrün bis zu finanziellen Förderungen und von praktischen Tipps zur Pflanzenwahl bis zu ökologischen Auswirkungen auf das Stadtklima. Es ist an der Zeit - und viele Beispiele in Deutschland und weltweit zeigen, dass Grünbauten möglich und wachsende Realität sind.

Czy chciäby¿ by¿ niezale¿ny?U¿atwione dla zupe¿nie pocz¿tkuj¿cych!Dowiedz si¿, jak ¿atwo zbudowä system fotowoltaiczny, od pocz¿tku do ko¿ca, krok po kroku. Niezale¿nie od tego, czy jeste¿ pocz¿tkuj¿cy, czy masz ju¿ do¿wiadczenie. Instalacja systemu solarnego jest w dzisiejszych czasach mo¿liwa dla niemal kädego, nawet pod wzgl¿dem finansowym. Zw¿aszcza je¿li robi si¿ to samemu. Zaoszcz¿d¿ Tysi¿ce z¿otych, instaluj¿c po prostu w¿asny system fotowoltaiczny.Dowiedz si¿:Jak dobrä odpowiednie cz¿¿ci i jak wykonä niezb¿dne obliczenia do zaprojektowania systemu.Jak ustawi¿ system i zmaksymalizowä produkcj¿ energii.Instalacja i konserwacja akumulatorów.Montä paneli s¿onecznych.Porady i wskazówki, które pozwol¿ Ci zaoszcz¿dzi¿ czas i pieni¿dze.I wiele wi¿cej...Wszystko, czego potrzebujesz, aby uruchomi¿ swój system jest tutaj. Unikaj marnowania pieni¿dzy i dowiedz si¿, jak zasilä energi¿ s¿oneczn¿ swój samochód kempingowy, furgonetk¿, kabin¿, ¿ód¿ lub dom i przejd¿ do samowystarczalno¿ci poza sieci¿.