Datalingvistik

Hacker culture can be esoteric, but this entertaining reference is here to help. Written by longtime cybersecurity researcher and writer Kim Crawley, this fun reference introduces you to key people and companies, fundamental ideas, and milestone films, games, and magazines in the annals of hacking. From airgapping to phreaking to zombie malware, grasping the terminology is crucial to understanding hacker culture and history. If you're just getting started on your hacker journey, you'll find plenty here to guide your learning and help you understand the references and cultural allusions you come across. More experienced hackers will find historical depth, wry humor, and surprising facts about familiar cultural touchstones. Understand the relationship between hacker culture and cybersecurity Get to know the ideas behind the hacker ethos, like "knowledge should be free" Explore topics and publications central to hacker culture, including 2600 Magazine Appreciate the history of cybersecurity Learn about key figures in the history of hacker culture Understand the difference between hackers and cybercriminals

This book introduces how to enhance the context capture ability of the model, improve the position information perception ability of the pretrained models, and identify and denoise the unlabeled entities. The Chinese medical named entity recognition is an important branch of the intelligent medicine, which is beneficial to mine the information hidden in medical texts and provide the medical entity information for clinical medical decision-making and medical classification. Researchers, engineers and post-graduate students in the fields of medicine management and software engineering.

This book introduces readers to the theoretical foundation and application of topic models. It provides readers with efficient means to learn about the technical principles underlying topic models. More concretely, it covers topics such as fundamental concepts, topic model structures, approximate inference algorithms, and a range of methods used to create high-quality topic models. In addition, this book illustrates the applications of topic models applied in real-world scenarios. Readers will be instructed on the means to select and apply suitable models for specific real-world tasks, providing this book with greater use for the industry. Finally, the book presents a catalog of the most important topic models from the literature over the past decades, which can be referenced and indexed by researchers and engineers in related fields. We hope this book can bridge the gap between academic research and industrial application and help topic models play an increasingly effective role inboth academia and industry. This book offers a valuable reference guide for senior undergraduate students, graduate students, and researchers, covering the latest advances in topic models, and for industrial practitioners, sharing state-of-the-art solutions for topic-related applications. The book can also serve as a reference for job seekers preparing for interviews.

Latin paradigms are almost proverbially known, and they have often been used as a test case for different theoretical approaches to morphological complexity. This book analyses them in a completely word-based perspective, using a recently developed information-theoretic methodology, making entropy-based techniques of analysis available to a wider readership. By doing so, it shows the relevance of traditional notions like principal parts, giving them a more principled, data-driven formulation. Furthermore, it suggests enhancements to the standard information-theoretic methodology, allowing to account for the role of external factors ¿ like gender and derivational information ¿ in improving predictability between inflected word forms. This book is useful to morphologists, that will see ideas and techniques taken from the current debate on morphological theory tested on complex phenomena of a language as renowned as Latin. It is also helpful for scholars working in both Latin and Romance linguistics: the former will find a freely available lexical resource and a novel description of Latin paradigms, that can be exploited by the latter to draw a comparison with recent analyses of the inflectional morphology of several Romance languages.

Esta monografía ofrece un modelo de integración de terminología y ontología para la representación y organización de una parcela de la comunicación especializada, concretamente del dominio de la seguridad de la navegación marítima a bordo del buque, con el objetivo de elaborar un recurso término-ontológico bilingüe (inglés-español). Este estudio viene a cubrir la carencia detectada de recursos terminográficos sobre la seguridad de la navegación marítima y aporta un procedimiento para la aplicación de las ontologías a las lenguas de especialidad. La obra consta de cuatro partes: en la primera, se exponen los conceptos clave en terminología y ontología y la metodología de elaboración de la término-ontología, la cual se describe pormenorizadamente en la segunda y tercera parte. Tras la formalización ontológica en la cuarta parte, se describe el tránsito del recurso ontológico a un glosario término-ontológico electrónico bilingüe, disponible en línea, que se acompaña. Este glosario basado en corpus está dirigido a profesionales de la navegación, el transporte marítimo y la industria naval, a docentes y estudiantes de titulaciones náuticas, así como a profesionales de las lenguas especializadas (profesores, traductores, intérpretes, redactores técnicos, etc.).

This book assesses the place of logic, mathematics, and computer science in present day, interdisciplinary areas of computational linguistics. Computational linguistics studies natural language in its various manifestations from a computational point of view, both on the theoretical level (modeling grammar modules dealing with natural language form and meaning and the relation between these two) and on the practical level (developing applications for language and speech technology). It is a collection of chapters presenting new and future research. The book focuses mainly on logical approaches to computational processing of natural language and on the applicability of methods and techniques from the study of formal languages, programming, and other specification languages. It presents work from other approaches to linguistics, as well, especially because they inspire new work and approaches.

This book introduces an integrated framework with corpus-assisted approach to deal with large set of data of discourse with multimodal factors to investigate how policy addresses (the government reports of Macao SAR) as a discourse type function in the social changes of Macao SAR through discussing the social factors to the production and consumption of policy addresses. The book explores research models or methodology in dealing with the contemporary topics in translation studies with a detailed presentation of the application of an analytical framework which marries corpus-assisted analysis, discourse analysis from socio-cultural perspective and multimodality with translation studies. Withal, the book is with the chapters to review the development of the social approach to discourse analysis and to introduce the stories of Macao with the summary of the development of this special region, in academic field, political and cultural fields.

In this research monograph, two empirical studies are presented, whose aim is to explore the linguistic cues to deception in written English and Spanish using computational tools like ALIAS WISER and LIWC. The tools have been tested on ground-truth data. After the automated text analysis, statistical classifiers are used to determine the best protocol for computational classification of true and false statements, and the role of emotional involvement is analyzed in low-stakes deception. The results demonstrate that, in our corpora, there is a real difference between "laboratory-produced" lies told in an experimental setting and high-stakes lies told in a police investigation.

This book presents recent advances in NLP and speech technology, a topic attracting increasing interest in a variety of fields through its myriad applications, such as the demand for speech guided touchless technology during the Covid-19 pandemic. The authors present results of recent experimental research that provides contributions and solutions to different issues related to speech technology and speech in industry. Technologies include natural language processing, automatic speech recognition (for under-resourced dialects) and speech synthesis that are useful for applications such as intelligent virtual assistants, among others. Applications cover areas such as sentiment analysis and opinion mining, Arabic named entity recognition, and language modelling. This book is relevant for anyone interested in the latest in language and speech technology.

What do 'bimbo,' 'glitch,' 'savvy,' and 'shtick' all have in common? They are all expressions used in informal American English that have been taken from other languages. This pioneering book provides a comprehensive description of borrowings in informal American English, based on a large database of citations from thousands of contemporary sources, including the press, film, and TV. It presents the United States as a linguistic 'melting pot,' with words from a diverse range of languages now frequently appearing in the lexicon. It examines these borrowings from various perspectives, including discussions of terms, donors, types, changes, functions, and themes. It also features an alphabetical glossary of 1,200 representative expressions, defined and illustrated by 5,500 usage examples, providing an insightful and practical resource for readers. Combining scholarship with readability, this book is a fascinating storehouse of information for students and researchers in linguistics as well as anyone interested in lexical variation in contemporary English.

Video editing software has been around for many years and for many years only people who were in the movie business or had a large budget could afford to use such software. Even when your average home videographer was able to afford their own video camera, they still had no reasonable way to edit their movies. Now that everyone has a smartphone and considers themselves a professional movie maker, the need to edit their own footage has dramatically increased. Thankfully, Microsoft has a free app built into Windows that allows anyone with a camera and a computer to make some great looking movies. And if you arent running Windows, you can still use Clipchamp from their website to edit your videos. If you have some basic computer skills and a little creativity, it's not too difficult to create your own movies that will make your viewers think you are a video editing pro. You can even use the footage from your smartphone to create custom videos and add all kinds of fun effects, text and music to your movies. The goal of this book is to get you up and running with the Clipchamp Video Editor and cover all the things you need to know to get you started on making great looking videos without confusing you at the same time. It sticks with the basics yet covers a wide variety of topics to help you achieve some great looking results without needing to be a movie editing expert. The chapters in the book cover the following topics: Chapter 1 - Getting Started Chapter 2 - Importing Videos Into a New Project Chapter 3 - Editing Your Videos Chapter 4 - Exporting Your Videos Chapter 5 - Additional Features >James Bernstein has been working with various companies in the IT field for over 20 years, managing technologies such as SAN and NAS storage, VMware, backups, Windows Servers, Active Directory, DNS, DHCP, Networking, Microsoft Office, Exchange, and more. He has obtained certifications from Microsoft, VMware, CompTIA, ShoreTel, and SNIA, and continues to strive to learn new technologies to further his knowledge on a variety of subjects. He is also the founder of the website OnlineComputerTips.com, which offers its readers valuable information on topics such as Windows, networking, hardware, software, and troubleshooting. Jim writes much of the content himself and adds new content on a regular basis. The site was started in 2005 and is still going strong today.

This work presents a discourse-aware Text Simplification approach that splits and rephrases complex English sentences within the semantic context in which they occur. Based on a linguistically grounded transformation stage, complex sentences are transformed into shorter utterances with a simple canonical structure that can be easily analyzed by downstream applications. To avoid breaking down the input into a disjointed sequence of statements that is difficult to interpret, the author incorporates the semantic context between the split propositions in the form of hierarchical structures and semantic relationships, thus generating a novel representation of complex assertions that puts a semantic layer on top of the simplified sentences. In a second step, she leverages the semantic hierarchy of minimal propositions to improve the performance of Open IE frameworks. She shows that such systems benefit in two dimensions. First, the canonical structure of the simplified sentences facilitates the extraction of relational tuples, leading to an improved precision and recall of the extracted relations. Second, the semantic hierarchy can be leveraged to enrich the output of existing Open IE approaches with additional meta-information, resulting in a novel lightweight semantic representation for complex text data in the form of normalized and context-preserving relational tuples.

L¿objectif de ce livre est de contribuer à la discussion sur la modélisation de la temporalité linguistique. La démarche s¿appuie sur un examen critique des fondements, établis à partir d¿une langue comme l¿anglais,¿de la catégorie linguistique du temps telle qüelle se conçoit dans les théories dominant actuellement le champ des sciences du langage. À travers l¿analyse détaillée de formes et d¿agencements de formes au sein de groupes verbaux ou nominaux, l¿ouvrage montre comment les valeurs temporelles et aspectuelles des énoncés se construisent de manière spécifique en fonction des propriétés sémantiques de ces formes. Son originalité et sa force résident dans son assise empirique¿: les analyses reposent sur des données de première main issues de six langues structurellement très différentes et dont certaines sont peu documentées (bunong, finnois, français, khmer, lituanien et russe). Cet ancrage dans la diversité des langues définit une optique plus large que le point de vue européo-centré habituel, et l¿observation fine de la variété des constructions de la temporalité étudiées conduit à remettre en question le principe communément défendu selon lequel la langue est un moyen d¿encodage de catégories préétablies ou de concepts non linguistiques préexistants. Cette perspective réflexive originale se conclut dans une relecture critique du célèbre article de Benjamin Lee Whorf sur le temps en hopi, accompagné de sa traduction inédite en français.

This book adopts a corpus-based critical discourse analysis approach and examines a corpus of newspaper articles from Pakistani and Indian publications to gain comparative insights into the ideological construction of Chinäs Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) within news discourses. This book contributes to the works on perceptions of BRI in English newspapers of India and Pakistan. A multi-billion-dollar project of BRI or the "One Belt One Road¿ (OBOR), CPEC symbolizes a vision for regional revival under China's economic leadership and clout. Propelled by the Chinese Premier¿s dream to revive the Chinese economy as well as to restructure and catalyze infrastructural development in Asia, BRI is aimed at connecting Asia via land and sea routes with Europe, Africa, and the Middle Eastern states.

"Combining both qualitative and quantitative methods and juxtaposing two linguistic theories, this study provides an account of the function and development of evaluative of-binomials, an important phenomenon in the English language. Comprehensive in its scope, it is essential reading for researchers in syntax, semantics, and corpus linguistics"--

This book covers topics from numerical and symbolic computing, including the main numerical and symbolic methods, schemes and applications. Section 1 focuses on numerical computing methods, describing matrix differential equations for solving systems of linear algebraic equations, a numerical problem encryption for high-performance computing applications, a numerical verification method of solutions for elliptic variational inequalities, a trigonometric numerical integrator for solving first order ordinary differential equation, and augmented Lagrangian methods for numerical solutions to higher order differential equations. Section 2 focuses on symbolic computing methods, describing a learning network assisted by means of symbolic computation, multiple factorial analysis of symbolic data, combining symbolic tools with interval analysis, and application to solve robust control problems, symbolic and graphical computations of a class of slightly perturbed equations. Section 3 focuses on numerical computing applications, describing non-negativity preserving numerical algorithms for problems in mathematical finance, a continuum approach using numerical simulations of microscale gas flows, numerical methods in electro-cardiology, numerical simulation of the blood flow through a brain vascular aneurysm with an artificial stent using the SPH method, and numerical modeling of soil water flow and nitrogen dynamics in a tomato field irrigated with municipal wastewater. Section 4 focuses on symbolic computing applications, describing symbolic time series analysis and its application in social sciences, application of symbolic computation in nonlinear differential-difference equations, symbolic modelling of dynamic human motions, and a framework for bridging the gap between symbolic and non-symbolic AI.